Ancient Tamil Poetry And Poetics
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Ancient Tamil Poetry And Poetics
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Author : P. Marudanayagam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-10-17
Ancient Tamil Poetry And Poetics written by P. Marudanayagam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-17 with categories.
No apology may be required for bringing out a collection of essays examining ancient Tamil poetry and poetics from diverse contemporary perspectives. Now that Tamil has been declared a classical language by the Government of India, it behoves the native scholars of Tamil to convince the world that Tamil deserves the appellation that has elevated it to the level of Greek and Latin which the West has been unanimously cherishing as classical languages for a long time. By 'classic' we mean a literary piece which has achieved a recognized position in literary history for its superior merits. Classical literature may refer to Greek and Roman literature or any literature that exhibits the qualities of classicism. When the word 'Classical' is used to describe the characteristic features of a literary work it implies objectivity in the choice and handling of the theme, simplicity of style, clarity, restraint, order and formal structure. Praiseworthy books, according to Milton, "are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul whose progeny they are; nay, they do preserve as in a vial, the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them". Great literature deals not merely with some aspects of the human mind but with the total human psyche. In Coleridge's view, its great achievement is to bring about a "whole-souled activity in man" by appealing to the senses, the heart, the intellect and the spirit of the reader. Besides possessing these attributes, Caṅkam writings have been exerting their profound impact on several succeeding generations of Tamil poets. How did the ancient Tamils conceive art? To them, art, especially poetry, is not a simple source of aesthetic delight, but as Tolstoy contends, "one of the conditions of human life", and, more importantly, "a means of union among men joining them together in the same feelings, and indispensable for the life and progress towards the wellbeing of individuals and humanity." The claim of Tamil classics to international recognition and eternal fame is, therefore, based on solid grounds. In consequence of A.K.Ramanujan's English translations of selections from a few Caṅkam anthologies, the response by Western critics in the form of articles and books is much more widespread than ever before. But not all of them can be said to be insightful or even well informed and some of them are not free from howlers. It is again the duty of the insiders to adequately project the Tamil texts, to properly explicate them and to periodically provide the corrective, wherever necessary. We now have a vast variety of ways to interpret a work of literature ranging from traditional approaches like the moralistic and the historical through the formalist, the New Critical, the psychological and the mythic and into such post-structuralist approaches as deconstruction, feminist criticism, New Historicism, Bakhtinian dialogism and cultural studies. Caṅkam writings, being great literature, deserve correspondingly rich responses that are felt and reasoned. Such responses will be extremely fruitful when the critic appreciates these works from as many perspectives as they open themselves to. Matthew Arnold rightly stresses the need to reassess even a writer who has attained the status of a classic. If he is a dubious classic, let us sift him; if he is a false classic, let us explode him. But if he is a real classic, if his work belongs to the class of the very best (for this is the true and right meaning of the word, classic, classical), then the great thing for us is to feel and enjoy his work as deeply as ever we can, and to appreciate the wide difference between it and all work which has not the same high character. This is what is salutary, this is what is formative; this is the great benefit to be got from the study of poetry. P. Marudanayagam
Ancient Tamil Poetry And Poetics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Ancient Tamil Poetry And Poetics written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Literary Techniques In Old Tamil Ca Kam Poetry
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Author : Eva Wilden
language : en
Publisher: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
Release Date : 2006
Literary Techniques In Old Tamil Ca Kam Poetry written by Eva Wilden and has been published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Kur̲untokai categories.
The present study is a step towards an historical and philologicaldescription of the founding literary tradition of Southern India. This so-called Cankam literature was composed around the beginning of the common era in a language today known as "Classical Tamil". Ten anthologies of its poetry have survived. Its literary techniques and their presuppositions are presented here in detail on the basis of an analysis of one of these anthologies, the Kur-untokai, which is a collection of 401 short love poems. While the introduction and the last chapter, on poetic style, are also meant for the general student of literature, the second and third chapters will be of interest mainly to specialists. These deal with syntax (especially particle syntax) and with the poetological background of the poetry. The formal features described include the use of formulae; the organisation of a poetic universe in terms of themes, topoi and motifs; syntactic types, such as circular construction; rhetorical fi gures, such as metaphors, similes and insets; poetic ambiguity achieved through the use of a symbolic code; puns; and intertextual allusions.
Landscape And Poetry
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Author : Xavier S. Thani Nayagam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
Landscape And Poetry written by Xavier S. Thani Nayagam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with Nature in literature categories.
Nature In Ancient Tamil Poetry Concept And Interpretation
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Author : Xavier S. Thani Nayagam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1953
Nature In Ancient Tamil Poetry Concept And Interpretation written by Xavier S. Thani Nayagam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1953 with Nature in literature categories.
Ritual And Mythological Sources Of The Early Tamil Poetry
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Author : A.M. Dubianski
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2021-10-01
Ritual And Mythological Sources Of The Early Tamil Poetry written by A.M. Dubianski and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-01 with History categories.
This volume focuses on the origin of the early Tamil poetical canon, which constitutes a set of specific subjects, images, principles of arrangement of basic poetical themes which are called tiṇai. The author proceeds from the idea of a Russian scholar O. Freidenberg that literary forms ‘originate from anti-literary material rather than their own archetypes’. An outline of mythological concepts, prevalent in ancient Tamil culture, is presented, alongside main mythological figures - Murukaṉ, Māl, Cūr, Koṟṟavai, Vaḷḷi. A controversial notion of aṉanku, especially in its aspect of an inner female energy, is analyzed. In addition, the author explores the panegyric art of the Tamil kings’ singers, describing such singers and performers while discussing the idea of ritual character. The elements of five canonical tiṇai-themes of the akam poetry are examined, where the use of ethnological data suggests that the themes are based on some behaviour patterns which are meant to ensure a reliable control over the female energy. Finally, the text raises the problem of earlier poetic forms that consolidated the tiṇai system.
Tamil Love Poetry And Poetics
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Author : Takanobu Takahashi
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2023-07-17
Tamil Love Poetry And Poetics written by Takanobu Takahashi and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-17 with Art categories.
This indispensable work for Tamil love poetry of South India deals with the relationship between the oldest grammar and poetics, Tolkāppiyam, and the ancient literature (Sangam literature) of the 1-3 C. A.D., providing the original meanings and historical changes of many technical terms of love poetry.
Puran N Ru
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Author : P Marudanayagam
language : en
Publisher: Central Institute of Classical Tamil
Release Date : 2021-06-23
Puran N Ru written by P Marudanayagam and has been published by Central Institute of Classical Tamil this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-23 with categories.
Classical Tamil poetry dating back at least to the first three centuries of the Christian era is among the finest of world literature. Though there are reasons to believe that ancient Tamil itself had along with poetic tradition and a large body of literature, only a grammatical treatise in verse called the Tolkāppiyam, the Eight Anthologies (Eṭṭuttokai) and the Ten Long Poems (Pattuppāṭṭu) have survived the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune. Numerous texts produced by the three academies or Caṅkams might have also stood the test of time but the Tamils, for reasons not clearly known, did not save them from the ravages of time. Tamil poetics, unique in some aspects and distinct from Sanskritpoetics, divide poetry into akam (interior) and puram (exterior). A symbolic key' and a highly developed and complex use of interior landscape are its unique features. Puranānūru also referred to as Puram, Purappāṭṭu, and PurampuNānūru by commentators like Naccinārkkiniyar is an anthology of 400 puram poems written by 156 poets. We know neither the poet who compiled it nor the patron-king who got it compiled. Two poems (267 and 268) have not been accounted for while some lines in 43pieces are missing. Much more than any other anthology of the Caṅkam period, this one has served as a source of the political, social, and economic history of the Tamils, as its poems speak of the three major kings, the numerous minor ones, the chieftains and the philanthropists of the Tamil land and of their glorious deeds. The poems on the royal trinity appear first, the opening eighteen pieces celebrating them in the curious order of a cēran, a pāṇṭiyan and acōlan. These are followed by poems on the rulers of small kingdoms, some prominent leaders like veḷirs and poems on war, grief caused by death, hero-stones, and self-immolation by women. Later such poems are interspersed with ones that teach aram to kings and others that may be brought under the categories of Guide poems for bards of war (pāṇārruppaṭai), Guide poems for Viralis (Viraliārruppaṭai), and linked by tiṇai and turai. Since one of the manuscript versions of Puranānūru had at its beginning the title aranilai, Dr. U.V. Cāminātaiyar feels that the anthology might have been originally divided into three sections called aranilai, poruḷnilai and inpanilai. At the end of every poem, there are inscriptions giving the tiṇaiand turai, the author and the protagonist of the poem, and the context in which it was sung. Naccinārkkiniyar contends that some of the colophons are wrong with regard to their identification of tiṇai and turai. But no such doubts have been raised about the authenticity of the authorship of any poem. An old commentary on the first 266poems is extant though we know nothing about the commentator. From some of his observations, it is evident that there ought to have been an earlier commentary the fate of which is not known.
K Vya In South India
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Author : Herman Tieken
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2021-12-28
K Vya In South India written by Herman Tieken and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-28 with History categories.
Old Tamil Caṅkam poetry consists of eight anthologies of short poems on love and war, and a treatise on grammar and poetics. The main part of this corpus has generally been dated to the first centuries AD and is believed to be the product of a native Tamil culture. The present study argues that the poems do not describe a contemporary society but a society from the past or one not yet affected by North-Indian Sanskrit culture. Consequently the main argument for the current early dating of Caṅkam poetry is no longer valid. Furthermore, on the basis of a study of the historical setting of the heroic poems and of the role of Tamil as a literary language in the Caṅkam corpus, it is argued that the poetic tradition was developed by the Pāṇṭiyas in the ninth or tenth century. This volume deals with the identification of the various genres of Caṅkam poetry with literary types from the Sanskrit Kāvya tradition. Counterparts have been found exclusively among Prākrit and Apabhraṁśa texts, which indicate that in Caṅkam poetry Tamil has been specifically assigned the role of a Prākrit. As such, the present study reveals the processes and attitudes involved in the development of a vernacular language into a literary idiom.
A Reference Grammar Of Classical Tamil Poetry
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Author : V. S. Rajam
language : en
Publisher: American Philosophical Society
Release Date : 1992
A Reference Grammar Of Classical Tamil Poetry written by V. S. Rajam and has been published by American Philosophical Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Poetry categories.
A reference tool for those who seek an understanding of the structure of classical Tamil poetry. This poetry reflects indigenous literary and cultural traditions of southern India, and therefore, a study of it is imperative for obtaining a balanced view of India's past and present cultures. The language which produced this poetry, Tamil, is the only living language of modern India that has an uninterrupted history spanning more than two millennia, and therefore, a study of it becomes even more crucial for a thorough understanding of India's linguistic complexity. Includes a bibliography.