Andean Goblin Spiders Of New Genera Paradysderina And Semidysderina Araneae Oonopidae Bulletin Of American Museum Of Natural History No 364

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Andean Goblin Spiders Of New Genera Paradysderina And Semidysderina Araneae Oonopidae Bulletin Of American Museum Of Natural History No 364

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :

Andean Goblin Spiders Of New Genera Paradysderina And Semidysderina Araneae Oonopidae Bulletin Of American Museum Of Natural History No 364 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.

The Amazonian Goblin Spiders Of The New Genus Gradunguloonops Araneae Oonopidae

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Author : Cristian J. Grismado
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

The Amazonian Goblin Spiders Of The New Genus Gradunguloonops Araneae Oonopidae written by Cristian J. Grismado and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

Taxonomic Revision Of The Jumping Goblin Spiders Of The Genus Orchestina Simon 1882 In The Americas Araneae Oonopidae

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Author : Matías A. Izquierdo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

Taxonomic Revision Of The Jumping Goblin Spiders Of The Genus Orchestina Simon 1882 In The Americas Araneae Oonopidae written by Matías A. Izquierdo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Oonopidae categories.

The genus Orchestina Simon is distributed worldwide and is characterized by having an enlarged fourth femur with which these species are capable of jumping. The genus is also characterized by having a well-sclerotized sperm duct, a near H-shaped arrangement of the eye group, a 4-4-3-3 pattern of raised receptors on the tarsal organs of the legs I-IV, respectively, and by lacking spines on all the legs. All these characters, together with molecular evidence, support the monophyly of the genus, as well as its placement as sister group of Oonopinae. Most American species of Orchestina inhabit the forest foliage and canopy, but in unforested areas they also occur in shrubs and grasses. In this work, we revise the American representatives of Orchestina in a comprehensive context for the first time. In the past, six species were known from the Americas: five from the United States and only one from South America, described from Venezuela. After the study of the principal collections of the world and several field trips to several South American countries, we describe 85 new species and redescribe all previously known species. Matching sexes was occasionally problematic; while females are very homogeneous in somatic traits, males may have modifications on different parts of the body, making the matching very difficult. Therefore, in this review 56 of the species are described from only one sex, whereas 20 unmatched species are informally described as morphospecies, pending the discovery of conspecific sexes. Two species, O. pavesiiformis Saaristo and O. dentifera Simon, originally known from Israel and Sri Lanka, respectively, are here reported as introduced in several countries in the Americas and other continents. O. justini Saaristo described from the Seychelles is here considered a synonym of O. dentifera. One species, O. truncata Wunderlich, previously known as a subfossil spider from Colombian copal is here tentatively redescribed based on recent material from Costa Rica, Colombia, and Ecuador; the female is also described for the first time. The species list by country is as follows (numbers refer to records, independently of the locality of the type material): United States (9 species: O. utahana Chamberlin and Ivie, O. moaba Chamberlin and Ivie, O. obscura Chamberlin and Ivie, O. saltitans Banks, O. nadleri Chickering, the introduced O. pavesiiformis Saaristo, and three new species, O. quasimodo, O. kamehameha, and O. auburndalensis); Mexico (3 species: O. utahana Chamberlin and Ivie, and two new species, O. nahuatl and O. chaparrita); Guatemala (1 new species: O. guatemala); Costa Rica (3 new species: O. laselva, O. griswoldi, and O. chiriqui; and the previously known O. truncata Wunderlich); Panama (5 new species: O. chiriqui, O. labarquei, O. pan, O. campana, and O. galapagos); Jamaica (2 species, the introduced O. dentifera Simon and O. galapagos); Haiti and Dominican Republic (only the introduced O. dentifera Simon); Colombia (6 new species: O. filandia, O. zingara, O. arboleda, O. cali, O. platnicki, O. pakitza; and O. truncata Wunderlich, plus the morphospecies OMI020 and OMI038); Venezuela (7 species: O. saltabunda; and 6 new, O. venezuela, O. aragua, O. bolivar, O. maracay, O. ranchogrande, and O. neblina); Trinidad and Tobago (1 new species: O. kairi); Guyana (1 morphospecies: OMI026); Ecuador (18 new species: O. galapagos, O. fernandina, O. erwini, O. ecuatoriensis, O. sotoi, O. magna, O. shuar, O. golem, O. waorani, O. tzantza, O. predator, O. goblin, O. yanayacu, O. otonga, O. santodomingo, O. quijos, O. mayo, O. laselva, and O. truncata Wunderlich, plus the morphospecies OMI020, OMI021, OMI022, OMI023, OMI024, OMI025, OMI026, OMI027, OMI029, OMI036, and OMI038); Peru (9 new species: O. cajamarca, O. comaina, O. atocongo, O. mancocapac, O. silvae, O. madrededios, O. pakitza, O. losamigos, O. golem, and the morphospecies OMI020, OMI023, OMI026, and OMI030); Brazil (25 new species: O. cristinae, O. coari, O. moura, O. valquiria, O. aproeste, O. caxiuana, O. para, O. taruma, O. retiro, O. divisor, O. juruti, O. platnicki, O. iemanja, O. bonaldoi, O. rapaz, O. itapety, O. catarina, O. leon, O. saudade, O. sarava, O. goblin, O. sotoi, O. golem, O. waorani, O. ucumar, the introduced O. pavesiiformis Saaristo, and O. dentifera Simon, plus the morphospecies OMI021, OMI023, OMI024, OMI025, OMI026, OMI027, OMI029, OMI032, OMI033, OMI034, OMI035, OMI036, OMI037, OMI039, and OMI040); Bolivia (3 new species: O. moyuchi, O. grismadoi, and O. ucumar); Chile (12 new species: O. pandeazucar, O. caleta, O. totoralillo, O. pizarroi, O. molles, O. granizo, O. quenies, O. curico, O. cachai, O. nahuelbuta, O. jaiba, and O. osorno); and Argentina (6 new species: O. ucumar, O. andianavarroi, O. luispi, O. cristinae, O. platnicki, O. jaiba, and the introduced O. pavesiiformis Saaristo). Although the internal relationships of the genus are still not clear, we suggest some groups of species based on morphological characters and geographic distributions. Species from the western United States share the presence of a net-shaped pattern of coloration and, in some species, modifications of carapace or first legs of males. Females of this group are characterized by the presence of a thin, generally long and twisted anterior receptaculum and external pockets on the epigastric region. This group inhabits in a geographic region that remained isolated during the late Cretaceous and is still isolated by geographic and climatic conditions. Species groups in South American members were more difficult to establish, given their wide diversity. However, some species are unique in having internal pockets in female genitalia and apophyses on the male copulatory bulb. The Chilean species are probably a monophyletic group; they are separated from the rest by the combined presence of external pockets and ridges on the epigastric region of female, whereas males are very similar in the morphology of copulatory bulb, which is very simple, with long embolus and sometimes with additional spine-shaped apophysis. This group may have experienced events of isolation during and after the elevation of the Andes range. As in other members of the family the genus is interesting for the presence of secondary sexual characters in males whereas females are practically homogenous in somatic characters. However, female genital morphology is variable, which may suggest a coevolution with somatic characters in males and probably mechanical interactions. Although this work reveals the incredible diversity of this genus, many important geographic regions remain undersampled and records for some countries are entirely lacking.

Behaviour And Ecology Of Spiders

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Author : Carmen Viera
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-11-02

Behaviour And Ecology Of Spiders written by Carmen Viera and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-02 with Science categories.

Within the last few decades, arachnology in the Neotropical region has experienced a great development filling the knowledge gap in one of the most diverse regions of the world. Nevertheless, large geographical areas remain poorly sampled, especially within the Amazon, and new genera and species have been continuously discovered, even in urban areas. In congruence with the recent improvements in research, several aspects of the ecology, behaviour and natural history of spiders, such as interactions with other predators and parasitoids, social interactions, dispersal patterns, habitat requirements, mating behaviors, among others, are being carefully investigated. These recent contributions incorporate substantial information on the preexisting knowledge on these subjects every year. Our main objective with this book is to present a summary on these new researches and on the currently knowledge on the main subjects involved in the general theme, emphasizing the contribution of the rich fauna of the Neotropical region to the research of behaviour and ecology of the spiders.

Spider Research In The 21st Century

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Author : David Penney
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Spider Research In The 21st Century written by David Penney and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Spiders categories.

The result is a great increase in multi-disciplinary research and novel avenues incorporating spiders as model organisms.

Spider Families Of The World

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Author : Rudy Jocqué
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

Spider Families Of The World written by Rudy Jocqué and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Arachnida categories.

This book provides a concise overview and descriptions of the 107 spider families that are presently recognized. It contains identification keys to the families and to the different kinds of spider webs, and shortcuts to remarkable types of spiders.

The Andean Cloud Forest

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Author : Randall W. Myster
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-11-12

The Andean Cloud Forest written by Randall W. Myster and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-12 with Science categories.

A book focused solely on Andean Cloud Forests (ACF) has never been published. ACF are high biodiversity ecosystems in the Neotropics with a large proportion of endemic species, and are important for the hydrology of entire regions. They provide water for large parts of the Amazon basin, for example. Here I take advantage of my many years working in ACF in Ecuador, to edit this book that contains the following sections: (1) ACF over space and time, (2) Hydrology, (3) Light and the Carbon cycle, (4) Soil, litter, fungi and nutrient cycling, (5) Plants, (6) Animals, and (7) Human impacts and management. Under this premise, international experts contributed chapters that consist of reviews of what is known about their topic, of what research they have done, and of what needs to be done in the future. This work is suitable for graduate students, professors, scientists, and researcher-oriented managers.

The Suborders Of Spiders

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Author : Norman I. Platnick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976

The Suborders Of Spiders written by Norman I. Platnick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Arachnida categories.

Systematics And Biogeography

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Author : Gareth J. Nelson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981

Systematics And Biogeography written by Gareth J. Nelson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Science categories.

Comparative biology: space, time, and form; Systematic history: kinds of branching diagrams; Systematic patterns: component analysis; Systematic results: classification; Ontogeny, phylogeny, paleontology and the biogenetic law; Biogeographic history: kinds of questions; Biogeographic pattens: component analysis; Biogeographic results: regions.

Spiders Of The World

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Author : Norman Platnick
language : en
Publisher: Ivy Press
Release Date : 2020-05-26

Spiders Of The World written by Norman Platnick and has been published by Ivy Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-26 with Nature categories.

Learn all about the world of spiders in this complete and comprehensive guide, filled with stunning facts, beautiful photography and diagrams to help you understand everything you ever needed to know about arachnids! Bark spiders spin webs ten times stronger than Kevlar. Jumping spiders are capable of learning, recognizing, and remembering colours. Recluse spiders can tolerate six months of extreme drought and have a toxin-laden bite that can necessitate skin grafts. These are just some of the many amazing facts which you will discover in Spiders of the World, the perfect guide to one of natures most fascinating and varied creatures. This title explores the huge diversity of spider species and their fascinating traits. An introduction outlining the spider’s natural history is followed by 117 illustrated profiles spanning the taxonomic spider families. Beautiful close-up photographs of species from each family are shown, along with population distribution maps, tables of essential information, and commentaries revealing notable characteristics. The family profiles are also organized phylogenetically, and the commentaries in each account reflect different aspects of a spider’s biology.