Anglo American Policy Toward The Persian Gulf 1978 1985
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Anglo American Policy Toward The Persian Gulf 1978 1985
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Author : Tore Petersen
language : en
Publisher: Liverpool University Press
Release Date : 2014-11-01
Anglo American Policy Toward The Persian Gulf 1978 1985 written by Tore Petersen and has been published by Liverpool University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-01 with History categories.
Offers an analysis on how Great Britain and the United States confronted the initial emergence of fundamentalist Islam with the occupation of the Holy Mosque in Mecca and Khomenei's revolution in Iran. Despite the loss of Iran, the United States and Britain managed to secure the Arab side of the Persian Gulf in the Western camp.
Richard Nixon Great Britain And The Anglo American Alignment In The Persian Gulf And Arabian Peninsula
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Author : Tore T. Petersen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Richard Nixon Great Britain And The Anglo American Alignment In The Persian Gulf And Arabian Peninsula written by Tore T. Petersen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with History categories.
When the British Labour party announced the withdrawal of British forces from the Persian Gulf in January 1968, the United States faced a potential power vacuum in the area. The incoming Nixon administration - preoccupied with the Soviet Union, China, and the war in Vietnam - had no intention of replacing the British in the Gulf. To avoid further military commitments, the US encouraged Iran and Saudi Arabia to maintain area security. A critical policy decision, overlooked by most scholars, saw Nixon and Kissinger engineer the rise in oil prices between 1969 and 1972, to enable Saudi Arabia and Iran to purchase the necessary military hardware to serve as guardians of the Gulf. For all their bluster about reversing Labour's withdrawal decision, after their surprise victory in the election of June 1970, the Conservatives adhered to Labour's policy. But in contrast to Labour's wish to cut the umbilical cord of empire, the Tories wanted to retain influence in the Persian Gulf, pursuing policies largely independent of the US by the creation of the United Arab Emirates, deposing the sultan of Oman, and trying to solve the dispute over the Buraimi oasis with Saudi Arabia. By trying to maintain its empire on the cheap, Britain turned into an arms supplier supreme. But offering and selling arms does not a foreign policy make, leaving Britain, in the long run, with less influence in regional affairs. This was true also for the US, whose arms sales were to prove no realistic an alternative to foreign policy. The US hid under the Iranian security blanket for almost a decade. Given the weakness of the regime and the Shah's unrealistic dreams of turning Iran into one of the top five industrial and military powers in the world, the policy was cavalierly irresponsible. Similarly, leaving Saudi Arabia wallowing in oil money and medieval stupor - a seedbed for Islamic fundamentalists - created major future problems for the US, as evinced by 9/11. This book analyzes Anglo-American relations in the Middle East from Eisenhower to Nixon. It gives a detailed discussion of international oil diplomacy in the period 1969-1973. It also provides an extensive study of the Nixon administration's and the Heath government's policies towards the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula.
The Decline Of The Anglo American Middle East 1961 1969
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Author : Tore T. Petersen
language : en
Publisher: Liverpool University Press
Release Date : 2006
The Decline Of The Anglo American Middle East 1961 1969 written by Tore T. Petersen and has been published by Liverpool University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with History categories.
In this book, the author provides an extensive study of the common British and American interest in the Middle East under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson. Contrary to recent scholarly opinion, the author argues that the loss of influence to the Soviet Union and Arab radicalism in the Middle East was not the result of lack of power but lack of will. Britain, during the period of Harold Wilson's Labor government (1964-1970) withdrew from its Middle Eastern bases for ideological reasons-namely a distaste for imperialism and colonialism. The United States, while placing great store in a continued British presence east of Suez, was unable or unwilling to prevent the British withdrawal. And as the British withdrawal gathered momentum, American disinterest toward the Middle East increased.
Routledge Handbook Of Persian Gulf Politics
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Author : Mehran Kamrava
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-05-31
Routledge Handbook Of Persian Gulf Politics written by Mehran Kamrava and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-31 with Business & Economics categories.
The Routledge Handbook of Persian Gulf Politics provides a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of Persian Gulf politics, history, economics, and society. The volume begins its examination of Ottoman rule in the Arabian Peninsula, exploring other dimensions of the region’s history up until and after independence in the 1960s and 1970s. Featuring scholars from a range of disciplines, the book demonstrates how the Persian Gulf’s current, complex politics is a product of interwoven dynamics rooted in historical developments and memories, profound social, cultural, and economic changes underway since the 1980s and the 1990s, and inter-state and international relations among both regional actors and between them and the rest of the world. The book comprises a total of 36 individual chapters divided into the following six sections: Historical Context Society and Culture Economic Development Domestic Politics Regional Security Dynamics The Persian Gulf and the World Examining the Persian Gulf’s increasing importance in regional politics, diplomacy, economics, and security issues, the volume is a valuable resource for scholars, students, and policy makers interested in political science, history, Gulf studies, and the Middle East.
Britain And The Arab Gulf After Empire
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Author : Simon C. Smith
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-03-31
Britain And The Arab Gulf After Empire written by Simon C. Smith and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-31 with Political Science categories.
Although Britain’s formal imperial role in the smaller, oil-rich sheikdoms of the Arab Gulf – Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates – ended in 1971, Britain continued to have a strong interest and continuing presence in the region. This book explores the nature of Britain’s role after the formal end of empire. It traces the historical events of the post-imperial years, including the 1973 oil shock, the fall of the Shah in Iran and the beginnings of the Iran-Iraq War, considers the changing positions towards the region of other major world powers, including the United States, and engages with debates on the nature of empire and the end of empire. The book is a sequel to the authors’ highly acclaimed previous books Britain's Revival and Fall in the Gulf: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Trucial States, 1950-71 (Routledge 2004) and Ending Empire in the Middle East: Britain, the United States and Post-war Decolonization, 1945-1973 (Routledge 2012).
Britain America And The Special Relationship Since 1941
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Author : B. J. C McKercher
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-06-07
Britain America And The Special Relationship Since 1941 written by B. J. C McKercher and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-07 with History categories.
Britain, America and the Special Relationship since 1941 examines the Anglo-American strategic and military relationship that developed during the Second World War and continued until recent years. Forged on a common ground of social, cultural, and ideological values as well as political expediency, this partnership formed the basis of the western alliance throughout the Cold War, playing an essential part in bringing stability to the post-1945 international order. Clearly written and chronologically organized, the book begins by discussing the origins of the ‘Special Relationship’ and its progression from uneasy coexistence in the eighteenth century to collaboration at the start of the Second World War. McKercher explores the continued evolution of this partnership during the conflicts that followed, such as the Suez Crisis, the Vietnam War, and the Falklands War. The book concludes by looking at the developments in British and American politics during the past two decades and analysing the changing dynamics of this alliance over the course of its existence. Illustrated with maps and photographs and supplemented by a chronology of events and list of key figures, this is an essential introductory resource for students of the political history and foreign policies of Britain and the United States in the twentieth century.
Israel In A Turbulent Region
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Author : Tore T. Petersen
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-03-14
Israel In A Turbulent Region written by Tore T. Petersen and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-14 with Political Science categories.
This anthology examines and deconstructs what Israeli security looks like and how its various security identities have evolved both before the establishment of the state and in the years and decades since 1948. It casts light on how aspects of Israel’s foreign relations have been shaped as much by internal politics as by external challenge. Further, not only does it answer the questions surrounding Israel’s past, but examines carefully what type of country it has now become. Compared to much of the turbulence in the region, Israel’s diplomacies have been remarkably resilient and inventive. With the background of 100th anniversary of the Balfour declaration this book is a multidisciplinary study using several different methodological approaches; from discursive analyses, to theories of memories and identity, to interviews with Israeli soldiers in the field, to a legal approach to the topic, as well as International Relations studies and traditional archival studies. South Africa was one of Israel’s main partners in terms of security cooperation and weapons research and development until the fall of the apartheid regime. This has been compensated with Israel opening up diplomatic relations with China (1991) and India (1992) and extending its ties with Japan. While the EU often criticize Israel’s policies against the Palestinians, this is mostly rhetoric as for practical purposes Israel is like a member of the EU. This comprehensive volume studying contemporary Israel is an invaluable resource for students and scholars interested in Foreign and Security Policy, Israel and the Middle East.
Military Conquest Of The Prairie
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Author : Tore T. Petersen
language : en
Publisher: Liverpool University Press
Release Date : 2016-06-10
Military Conquest Of The Prairie written by Tore T. Petersen and has been published by Liverpool University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-10 with History categories.
The Military Conquest of the Prairie is a study on the final wars on the prairie from the Native American perspective. When the reservation system took hold about one-third of tribes stayed permanently there, one-third during the harsh winter months, and the last third remained on what the government termed unceded territory, which Native Americans had the right to occupy by treaty. For the Federal government it was completely unacceptable that some Indians refused to submit to its authority. Both the Red River war (1874-75) in the south and the great Sioux war (1876-77) in the north were the direct result of Federal violation of treaties and agreements. At issue was the one-sided violence against free roaming tribes that were trying to maintain their old way of life, at the heart of which was avoidance on intermingling with white men. Contrary to the expectations of the government, and indeed to most historical accounts, the Native Americans were winning on the battlefields with clear conceptions of strategy and tactics. They only laid down their arms when their reservation was secured on their homeland, thus providing their preferred living space and enabling them to continue their way of life in security. But white man perfidy and governmental double-cross were the order of the day. The Federal government found it intolerable that what it termed savages' should be able to determine their own future. Vicious attacks were initiated in order to stamp out tribalism, resulting in driving the US aboriginal population almost to extinction. Analysis of these events is discussed in light of the passing of the Dawes Act in 1887 that provided for breaking up the reservations to the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 that gave a semblance of justice to Native Americans.
Widening The World Of International Relations
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Author : Ersel Aydinli
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-07-11
Widening The World Of International Relations written by Ersel Aydinli and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-11 with Political Science categories.
Current international relations (IR) theories and approaches, which are almost exclusively built in the West, are alien to the non-Western contexts that engender the most hard-pressing problems of the world and ultimately unhelpful in understanding or addressing the needs surrounding these issues. Our supposedly revolutionary new concepts and approaches remain largely insufficient in explaining what happens globally and in offering lessons for improvement. This deficiency can only be addressed by building more relevant theories. For theory to be relevant in accounting for contemporary international relations, we argue, it should not only apply to, but also emanate from different corners of the current political universe. In other words, diversity and dialogue can only come about when periphery scholars do not just "meta-theorize" but also "theorize." Aydinli and Biltekin propose a new form of theorizing through this collection of work, one that effectively blends peripheral outlooks with theory production. They call this form "homegrown theorizing," or original theorizing in the periphery about the periphery. Arguing that disciplinary culture is oblivious to the diversity that might be achieved by theorizing based on indigenous ideas and/or practices, this book intends to highlight that potential, showing diversity in the background of the authors, because wherever one looks at the world from, paints the picture that is being seen. Therefore, we bring together scholars from Eastern Europe to South Africa, from Iran to Japan to cover the extant diversity in ideas. This work will be essential reading for all students and scholars concerned with the future of international relations theory.
Historical Dictionary Of Saudi Arabia
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Author : J. E. Peterson
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Release Date : 2020-03-15
Historical Dictionary Of Saudi Arabia written by J. E. Peterson and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-15 with History categories.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia now has been under the spotlight of Western curiosity for more than 80 years. More than 15% of the world’s total oil reserves lie underneath Saudi Arabia and, in the early 1990s, the kingdom became the world’s largest crude oil producer. Not surprisingly, a world highly dependent on oil regards the desert kingdom as an area of intense strategic concern, as reflected in the coalition of forces assembled on Saudi soil to oust Iraq from Kuwait in 1991. Also, it played a major role in the invasion of Saddam Husayn’s Iraq in 2003 and shares concern with the West over Iran’s nuclear intentions throughout the 21st century. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Saudi Arabia contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1,000 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Saudi Arabia.