Apathy And Effort Based Decision Making
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Apathy And Effort Based Decision Making
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Author : Campbell Le Heron
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Apathy And Effort Based Decision Making written by Campbell Le Heron and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Apathy In Schizophrenia As A Deficit In Effort Based Decision Making And Option Generation
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Author : Matthias Hartmann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Apathy In Schizophrenia As A Deficit In Effort Based Decision Making And Option Generation written by Matthias Hartmann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Apathy
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Author : Krista Lanctot
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-08-19
Apathy written by Krista Lanctot and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-19 with Medical categories.
Apathy is characterized by loss of motivation, decreased initiative, and emotional blunting. It is highly prevalent in neurological, and psychiatric disorders like Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, cerebrovascular disorders, and mild behavioural impairment. It has negative outcomes including impairments in activities of daily living, caregiver burden, and higher rates of institutionalization and mortality. The definition of apathy has changed over the years alongside the development of diagnostic criteria and apathy scales and measurements. Apathy is emerging as a treatment target with interest in pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and neuromodulatory treatments for apathy. There is also an increased understanding of the neurobiology of apathy with functional and structural neuroimaging research studies. This book is a comprehensive, in-depth review from experts in neurology and psychiatry. It reviews the current state of apathy in these various disorders while also summarizing apathy diagnostic criteria, scales and measurements, neuropathology, and treatments.
Effort Based Decision Making And Cognitive Fatigue
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Author : Michel Audiffren
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-07-12
Effort Based Decision Making And Cognitive Fatigue written by Michel Audiffren and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-12 with Science categories.
Effort Based Learning And Decision Making
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Author : I. T. Kurniawan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Effort Based Learning And Decision Making written by I. T. Kurniawan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
In the literature on healthy humans, effort is poorly studied and an extension from an animal literature is just emerging. I tested an hypothesis that physical effort is a non-trivial aspect of motivated behaviour; it serves as a cost and interacts with outcomes. To do this I conducted four experimental studies and extended the range of costs to include pain. In my first experiment, I develop a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) task assessing willingness to expend effort. I show that physical effort discounts value of actions and that activity in dorsal striatum is associated with effort of selected actions. In addition to influencing choice, effort may be influenced by affective outcomes. In my second experiment, I develop a behavioural instrumental learning task examining how reward and punishment influence learning about effortful response. I show that it is easier to expend effort to gain reward and to withdraw effort to avoid punishment, but not the other way around; in other words it is more difficult to expend effort to avoid punishment and to withdraw effort to gain reward. Results from reinforcement learning modelling account for this tendency in terms of a pavlovian influence on effort. On the one hand, outcome has an influence in effort while, on the other, effort may modulate neural signalling of action anticipation and outcome delivery. In my third experiment, I develop an fMRI cue-predictive instrumental task investigating brain responses for effort anticipation and outcome evaluation. I show that activity in anterior cingulate cortex and dorsal striatum is sensitive to anticipated effort and highlight an effort modulation on activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum associated with expected outcomes. Finally, I extend my investigation of costly behaviour in effort to pain by showing an influence of context effects in pain avoidance behaviour. In summary, within this thesis I demostrate that physical effort as a cost is non-trivial in that it i) discounts value, ii) is sensitive to pavlovian influences, iii) is neurally anticipated and iv) modulates outcome signalling. I show the viability of various experimental paradigms to assess costly behaviours driven by effort and extend this endeavour by studying cost-driven pain avoidance. These experiments forge new research directions for understanding action and decision making as well as show promise for testing aberrant populations that often present with pathology that may reflect under- and over-motivated actions (e.g., apathy and perseveration).
Apathy Is Associated With Disruption To Distinct Large Scale White Matter Networks
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Author : Jonathan Tay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Apathy Is Associated With Disruption To Distinct Large Scale White Matter Networks written by Jonathan Tay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Background and AimsApathy is a common and debilitating syndrome in many neurological conditions, but its underlying neurobiology remains poorly understood. This complicated by depression, an overlapping but distinct neuropsychiatric syndrome. Research has shown that apathy, but not depression, is associated with widespread white matter damage. We test the hypothesis that apathy is a disconnection syndrome using network analysis to study the relationships between apathy and white matter networks in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), a vascular pathology characterised by white matter damage.Method331 SVD patients completed measures of apathy and depression and underwent MRI. White matter networks were constructed using DTI and tractography. First, path analysis was used to test the mediating effect of network integrity on the relationship between radiological markers of SVD and apathy. Second, we examined differences in whole brain measures of network integrity between participants with only apathy, only depression, comorbid apathy and depression, and a control SVD group free of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Finally, we examined regional network correlations with apathy while controlling for depression.ResultsPath analysis results indicated that the relationship between SVD markers and apathy was fully mediated by network integrity. Between-group comparisons revealed that SVD patients with apathy, when compared to other SVD patients, were impaired on whole brain measures of network density and efficiency. Regression analyses revealed that apathy was primarily associated with connectivity in medial premotor and frontostriatal regions.ConclusionThese results suggest that apathy is caused by the disconnection of white matter tracts underlying action initiation and effort-based decision-making for reward.
Oxford Textbook Of Epilepsy And Epileptic Seizures
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Author : Samden Lhatoo
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2012-12-20
Oxford Textbook Of Epilepsy And Epileptic Seizures written by Samden Lhatoo and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-20 with Medical categories.
Part of the Oxford Textbooks in Clinical Neurology (OTCN) series, this volume covers the scientific basis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy and epileptic seizures, and is complemented by an online edition.
Motivation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-10-28
Motivation written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-28 with Psychology categories.
Motivation: Theory, Neurobiology and Applications is inspired by a question central to health care professionals, teachers, parents, and coaches alike, "How can an individual be motivated to perform a given activity or training?" It presents novel measurements of motivation developed in psychology and economics, recent insights into the neurobiology of motivation, and current research on applications designed to boost motivation in neurorehabilitation, education, and sports. In addition, tactics on how to connect these different research and knowledge fields within a common (theoretical) framework of motivation is discussed. Thus, in short, the book provides an integrative, interdisciplinary, up-to-date accounting on the neurobiology of motivation and how it might be boosted. Provides an integration of the neurosciences, their clinical challenges, and applicable research Includes both an interdisciplinary and integrative nature Contains a broad array of subject matter that will be of interest to a large target audience Presents contributions from experts in their respective fields
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
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Author : Leonardo Pantoni
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-05
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease written by Leonardo Pantoni and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05 with Medical categories.
Up-to-date discussion of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this common cause of stroke and cognitive impairment.
Cingulate Neurobiology And Disease
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Author : Brent Vogt
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2009-06-04
Cingulate Neurobiology And Disease written by Brent Vogt and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-04 with Medical categories.
One of the major neuroscience publications of the past few years, Cingulate Neurobiology and Disease presents the definitive review of the cingulate cortex, explaining its critical role in a host of diseases and illnesses.