Application Of Optimal Control Theory To Enhanced Oil Recovery
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Application Of Optimal Control Theory To Enhanced Oil Recovery
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Author : W. Fred Ramirez
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1987-01-01
Application Of Optimal Control Theory To Enhanced Oil Recovery written by W. Fred Ramirez and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In recent years, enhanced oil recovery techniques have received much attention in the oil industry. Enhanced oil recovery methods can be divided into three major categories: thermal processes which include steam flooding, steam stimulation, and in-situ combustion; chemical processes which include surfactant-polymer injection, polymer flooding, and caustic flooding; and miscible displacement processes which include miscible hydrocarbon displacement, carbon dioxide injection of large amounts of rather expensive fluids into oil bearing reservoir formations. Commercial application of any enhanced oil recovery process relies upon economic projections that show a decent return on the investment. Because of high chemical costs, it is important to optimize enhanced oil recovery processes to provide the greatest recovery at the lowest chemical injection cost.The aim of this book is to develop an optimal control theory for the determination of operating strategies that maximize the economic attractiveness of enhanced oil recovery processes. The determination of optimal control histories or operating strategies is one of the key elements in the successful usage of new enhanced oil recovery techniques. The information contained in the book will therefore be both interesting and useful to all those working in petroleum engineering, petroleum management and chemical engineering.
Optimal Control
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Author : Leslie M. Hocking
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1991
Optimal Control written by Leslie M. Hocking and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Computers categories.
Systems that evolve with time occur frequently in nature and modelling the behaviour of such systems provides an important application of mathematics. These systems can be completely deterministic, but it may be possible too to control their behaviour by intervention through 'controls'. The theory of optimal control is concerned with determining such controls which, at minimum cost, either direct the system along a given trajectory or enable it to reach a given point in its state space. This textbook is a straightforward introduction to the theory of optimal control with an emphasis on presenting many different applications. Professor Hocking has taken pains to ensure that the theory is developed to display the main themes of the arguments but without using sophisticated mathematical tools. Problems in this setting can arise across a wide range of subjects and there are illustrative examples of systems from as diverse fields as dynamics, economics, population control, and medicine. Throughout there are many worked examples, and numerous exercises (with solutions) are provided.
Surface Operations In Petroleum Production Ii
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Author : J.O. Robertson
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1989-07-01
Surface Operations In Petroleum Production Ii written by J.O. Robertson and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-07-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This second volume of Surface Operations in Petroleum Production complements and amplifies Volume I which appeared in 1987 and covered several aspects of oilfield technology. This second volume presents a detailed theoretical and practical exposition of surface oilfield practices, including gas flow rate measurement, cementing, fracturing, acidizing, and gravel packing. In today's era of specialization, these operations are generally left to service companies, denying field engineers and company managers direct detailed knowledge of the specific surface and subsurface operations. This book presents a comprehensive analysis which may be used by field engineers to analyze technical problems, specify the required surface and subsurface operations, and closely supervise the service company's work and post-treatment operation of the well.Another subject which has great economic consequences in all oilfields is corrosion of equipment. The book presents a comprehensive analysis of the theory of corrosion in the oilfield and methods that have proved effective for the retardation, or elimination, of corrosion. Quality control of injection waters in then covered. Three more topics are addressed: the first is offshore technology which is presented with reference to onshore oilfield operations, making a lucid presentation for field engineers who have no practical knowledge of the subject. The second is pollution control - an area of oilfield management which has assumed widespread importance in recent years. The last topic covered is the subject of underground storage of gas and oil. Underground fuel storage and retrieval is an active area of oilfield production management that utilizes the technology presented in this entire treatise. Finally, the technology of testing petroleum products and sample experiments for junior and senior petroleum engineering students are presented.This two-volume comprehensive treatise on modern oilfield technology thus provides not only a complete reference for field managers, engineers, and technical consultants, but will also serve academic needs in advanced studies of petroleum production engineering.
Hydraulic Proppant Fracturing And Gravel Packing
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Author : D. Mader
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1989-03-01
Hydraulic Proppant Fracturing And Gravel Packing written by D. Mader and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-03-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Many aspects of hydraulic proppant fracturing have changed since its innovation in 1947. The main significance of this book is its combination of technical and economical aspects to provide an integrated overview of the various applications of proppants in hydraulic fracturing, and gravel in sand control. The monitoring of fractures and gravel packs by well-logging and seismic techniques is also included.The book's extensive coverage of the subject should be of special interest to reservoir geologists and engineers, production engineers and technologists, and well log analysts.
Well Test Analysis For Fractured Reservoir Evaluation
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Author : G. Da Prat
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1990-11-19
Well Test Analysis For Fractured Reservoir Evaluation written by G. Da Prat and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-11-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The main purpose of this book is to provide the reader with a basic understanding of the behaviour of fractured reservoirs, using evaluation techniques based on processing pressure and flow-rate data resulting from production testing.It covers the fundamental reservoir engineering principles involved in the analysis of fluid flow through fractured reservoirs, the application of existing models to field cases, and the evaluation and description of reservoirs, based on processed data from pressure and production tests. The author also discusses production decline analysis, the understanding of which is a key factor influencing completion or abandonment of a well or even a field.The theoretical concepts are presented as clearly and simply as possible in order to aid comprehension. The book is thus suitable for training and educational purposes, and will help the reader who is unfamiliar with the subject acquire the necessary skills for successful interpretation and analysis of field data.One of the most important features of the book is that it fills the gap between field operations and research, in regard to proper management of reservoirs. The book also contains a computer program (FORTRAN language) which can be incorporated in existing software designed for reservoir evaluation; type curves generation, test design and interpretation, can be achieved by using this program.Petroleum engineers, reservoir engineers, petroleum geologists, research engineers and students in these fields, will be interested in this book as a reference source. It can also be used as a text book for training production and reservoir engineering professionals. It should be available in university and oil company libraries.
Compressibility Of Sandstones
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Author : R.W. Zimmerman
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1990-11-19
Compressibility Of Sandstones written by R.W. Zimmerman and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-11-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book is a comprehensive treatment of the elastic volumetric response of sandstones to variations in stress. The theory and data presented apply to the deformations that occur, for example, due to withdrawal of fluid from a reservoir, or due to the redistribution of stresses caused by the drilling of a borehole. Although the emphasis is on reservoir-type sandstones, results and methods discussed are also applicable to other porous rocks.Part One concerns the effect of stress on deformation and discusses porous rock compressibility coefficients. Elasticity theory is used to derive relationships between the porous rock compressibility coefficients, the porosity, and the mineral grain compressibility. Theoretical bounds on the compressibility coefficients are derived. The concept of effective stress coefficients is examined, as is the integrated form of the stress-strain relationships. Undrained compression and induced pore pressures are treated within the same general framework. Part One is concluded with a brief, elementary introduction to Biot's theory of poroelasticity. All the results in Part One are illustrated and verified with extensive references to published compressibility data.Part Two deals with the relationship between pore structure and compressibility, and presents methods that permit quantitative prediction of the compressibility coefficients. Two- and three-dimensional models of tubular pores, spheroidal pores, and crack-like "grain boundary" voids are analyzed. A critical review is made of various methods that have been proposed to relate the effective elastic moduli (bulk and shear) of a porous material to its pore structure. Methods for extracting pore aspect ratio distributions from stress-strain data or from acoustic measurements are presented, along with applications to actual sandstone data.Part Three is a brief summary of experimental techniques that are used to measure porous rock compressibilities in the laboratory.The information contained in this volume is of interest to petroleum engineers, specifically those involved with reservoir modeling, petroleum geologists, geotechnical engineers, hydrologists and geophysicists.
Fundamentals Of Gas Reservoir Engineering
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Author : J. Hagoort
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1988-06-01
Fundamentals Of Gas Reservoir Engineering written by J. Hagoort and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-06-01 with Science categories.
Gas reservoir engineering is the branch of reservoir engineering that deals exclusively with reservoirs of non-associated gas. The prime purpose of reservoir engineering is the formulation of development and production plans that will result in maximum recovery for a given set of economic, environmental and technical constraints. This is not a one-time activity but needs continual updating throughout the production life of a reservoir.The objective of this book is to bring together the fundamentals of gas reservoir engineering in a coherent and systematic manner. It is intended both for students who are new to the subject and practitioners, who may use this book as a reference and refresher. Each chapter can be read independently of the others and includes several, completely worked exercises. These exercises are an integral part of the book; they not only illustrate the theory but also show how to apply the theory to practical problems.Chapters 2, 3 and 4 are concerned with the basic physical properties of reservoirs and natural gas fluids, insofar as of relevance to gas reservoir engineering. Chapter 5 deals with the volumetric estimation of hydrocarbon fluids in-place and the recoverable hydrocarbon reserves of gas reservoirs. Chapter 6 presents the material balance method, a classic method for the analysis of reservoir performance based on the Law of Conservation of Mass. Chapters 7-10 discuss various aspects of the flow of natural gas in the reservoir and the wellbore: single phase flow in porous and permeable media; gaswell testing methods based on single-phase flow principles; the mechanics of gas flow in the wellbore; the problem of water coning, the production of water along with the gas in gas reservoirs with underlaying bottom water. Chapter 11 discusses natural depletion, the common development option for dry and wet gas reservoirs. The development of gas-condensate reservoirs by gas injection is treated in Chapter 12.Appendix A lists the commonly used units in gas reservoir engineering, along with their conversion factors. Appendix B includes some special physical and mathematical constants that are of particular interest in gas reservoir engineering. Finally, Appendix C contains the physical properties of some common natural-gas components.
Polymer Flooding
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Author : W. Littmann
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1988-09-01
Polymer Flooding written by W. Littmann and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-09-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book covers all aspects of polymer flooding, an enhanced oil recovery method using water soluble polymers to increase the viscosity of flood water, for the displacement of crude oil from porous reservoir rocks. Although this method is becoming increasingly important, there is very little literature available for the engineer wishing to embark on such a project. In the past, polymer flooding was mainly the subject of research. The results of this research are spread over a vast number of single publications, making it difficult for someone who has not kept up-to-date with developments during the last 10 to 15 years to judge the suitability of polymer flooding to a particular field case. This book tries to fill that gap. The basic mechanisms of the process are described and criteria given where it may be employed. Basic elements of the chemistry of EOR-polymers are provided. The fundamentals of polymer physics, such as rheology, flow in porous media and adsorption, are derived. Practical hints on mixing and testing of polymers in the laboratory are given, as well as instructions for their application in the oil field. Polymer flooding is illustrated by some case histories and the economics of the methods are examined. For the essential subjects, example calculations are added. An indispensable book for reservoir engineers, production engineers and laboratory technicians within the petroleum industry.
Fluid Mechanics For Petroleum Engineers
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Author : E. Bobok
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1993-03-25
Fluid Mechanics For Petroleum Engineers written by E. Bobok and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-03-25 with Science categories.
Written primarily to provide petroleum engineers with a systematic analytical approach to the solution of fluid flow problems, this book will nevertheless be of interest to geologists, hydrologists, mining-, mechanical-, or civil engineers. It provides the knowledge necessary for petroleum engineers to develop design methods for drilling, production, transport of oil and gas. Basic mechanical laws are applied for perfect fluid flow, Newtonian fluid, non-Newtonian fluid, and multiple phase flows. Elements of gas dynamics, a non-familiar treatment of shock waves, boundary layer theory, and two-phase flow are also included.
Spe Advanced Technology Series
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Spe Advanced Technology Series written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Petroleum engineering categories.