Application Of Seismic Interferometry To Imaging A Crystalline Rock Environment At An Active Vms Mine In Flin Flon Manitoba Canada
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Application Of Seismic Interferometry To Imaging A Crystalline Rock Environment At An Active Vms Mine In Flin Flon Manitoba Canada
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Author : Eric Alexander Roots
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Application Of Seismic Interferometry To Imaging A Crystalline Rock Environment At An Active Vms Mine In Flin Flon Manitoba Canada written by Eric Alexander Roots and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Seismic interferometry is a technique by which the Green's function or impulse response between two receivers is recovered through the cross-correlation of the transmission responses recorded by those receivers. This technique has found several applications, including the generation of virtual shot gathers from ambient seismic noise for use in seismic reflection processing. In March of 2013, 336 receivers were deployed over the volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit found at the Lalor mine in Manitoba, Canada. Approximately 300 hours of ambient seismic noise was recorded for the purpose of testing the effectiveness of seismic interferometry in imaging a crystalline rock environment. A time-domain beamforming algorithm was implemented to determine the locations of the sources present during recording. The results indicate that the vast majority of the recorded noise originated from mine and ventilation shafts located at the Lalor mine. Synthetic experiments were conducted to determine the effects such a source distribution would have on the application of seismic interferometry in the presence of dipping reflectors. The experiments show that if sources are located only on one side of a receiver line, the dip and lateral extents of reflectors will not be imaged properly. A technique involving beamforming and F-K filtering was developed to remove surface wave noise originating from near-field sources. Using this technique, the raw data was processed into virtual shot gathers free of surface wave noise. Virtual shot gathers were generated along 4 of the receiver lines and processed as separate 2-D reflection datasets. The resulting reflection profiles are compared against coincident DMO-stacked data from a larger 3-D active seismic survey conducted over the Lalor mine. Using this comparison in conjunction with knowledge of the local geology, events recovered in the passive reflection profiles are interpreted as either real reflections or spurious events, and possible explanations of their origin are given.
Seismic Interferometry
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Seismic Interferometry written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Interferometry categories.
Seismic Reflection Imaging In Crystalline Terrains
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Author : Mladen R. Nedimovic
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Seismic Reflection Imaging In Crystalline Terrains written by Mladen R. Nedimovic and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with categories.
Seismic refection surveying is a well proven geophysical method for delineating in detail the deep structure of sedimentary basins. Recently, it has also been applied in igneous and metamorphic (crystalline) rock environments. For cost and access reasons most of the data collected in crystalline terrains has been acquired by 2D crooked line profiling. But where the survey geometry is significantly irregular and the geologic structures have cross-profile dip, standard 2D imaging procedures severely underperform. My research has focused on finding remedies for the above problems by exploring and developing processing methods which usefully exploit the 3D character of crooked line data, or by finding methods of imaging that are more tolerant to the errors. To these ends I have designed the following data manipulation processes: (1) '3D prestack migration of 2D crooked lane data'. Despite obvious data limitations, bands of reflectivity recorded in crooked line data are preserved and positioned to their true subsurface locations. (2) ' Optimum cross dip analysis'/'stack'. This algorithm first analyzes cross-profile dip of the imaged reflectors and then collapses recorded bands of reflectivity into single events. (3) 'Amplitude stack'. This is a simple procedure used as a measure of last resort when 1 and 2 fail to yield 3D structural information. From tests on synthetic data and two field data sets from the Archean Superior Province, I have found that: (1) When 2D crooked line geometry forms a 3D swath of data wider than a significant fraction of the Fresnel Zone radius at the depth of interest. 3D prestack migration will focus events in space well enough for interpretation. The process is, however, computationally cumbersome; (2) Although the cross dip stack does not output a 3D volume like prestack migration, and it retains only the stronger of overlapping reflective responses, it does provide most of the same interpretative information; (3) Amplitude stacks are surprisingly effective in imaging general structural trends. In general, it is often possible to recover the 3D geometry of the structure imaged by a 2D crooked line survey.
Processing Shallow High Resolution Seismic Reflection Data In A Crystalline Rock Environment
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Author : Stanley Jude Radzevicius
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Processing Shallow High Resolution Seismic Reflection Data In A Crystalline Rock Environment written by Stanley Jude Radzevicius and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Imaging With Ambient Seismic Noise
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Author : Jason P. Chang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Imaging With Ambient Seismic Noise written by Jason P. Chang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Whether due to naturally occurring or human-generated vibrations, the ground is never truly at rest. Though individual recordings of these vibrations appear to be noisy, there are actually spatially coherent seismic signals hidden in them. By having two receivers record this ambient seismic noise continuously and simultaneously, it is possible to extract these hidden signals with a method called passive seismic interferometry, which effectively transforms one of the receivers into a seismic source. Thus, when performed on an array of receivers, passive seismic interferometry can produce an entire virtual seismic survey at a fraction of the cost of a traditional seismic survey with active sources. These virtual responses between receivers can then be used to image the subsurface. A number of studies have successfully implemented passive seismic interferometry. However, the vast majority of them focus on extracting low-frequency microseism surface waves, which are generated by the interaction of ocean waves and the subsequent pressure variations along the sea-bottom. Though the resulting high-resolution subsurface velocity maps from these studies are impressive, they do not demonstrate the full potential of passive seismic interferometry. Hence, the goal of this thesis is to demonstrate the ability of passive seismic interferometry to extract more than just microseism surface waves. To do so, I apply the technique to three industry-scale seismic arrays located in three different environments. I first focus on urban ambient seismic noise recorded by a dense seismic array in Long Beach, California. In this environment, passive seismic interferometry using continuous recordings between 3 4 Hz extracts Rayleigh waves originating from these local roads. After tailoring my Rayleigh-wave traveltime selection criteria to account for the presence of noise sources within the array, I invert the traveltimes to produce near-surface group velocity maps that reveal structures that coincide well with those in geologic maps, including the Newport-Inglewood fault. I then switch to a shallow-water ocean-bottom node array in the North Sea to show that passive seismic interferometry can extract P-waves propagating through the water column in the ambient seismic noise field between 40 200 Hz. Examination of the virtual responses between receivers over time reveals that the major sources of seismic energy at these high frequencies are distant shipping noise and the operating platform in the center of the array. Based on the successful extraction of P-waves, I aim to extract 1D reflection profiles from the continuous data by effectively performing seismic interferometry using ambient seismic noise after up- and down-going wavefield separation. Finally, I work with ambient seismic noise recorded by a deep-water, long-offset ocean-bottom node array offshore Norway. Because of the length of the array, I focus on continuous recordings below 2 Hz, which is the microseism band. Though passive seismic interferometry in this environment extracts the commonly observed Scholte waves, it also extracts two other wave modes that have rarely been observed in ambient seismic noise. One is acoustic guided waves, which can be used to produce 1D P-wave velocity profiles. The other is critical refractions, which have never been observed in ambient seismic noise before and can potentially be used for tomography. Because of the novelty of this observation, I model one hypothesis for the natural generation of critical refractions.
Hardrock Seismic Exploration
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Author : David W. Eaton
language : en
Publisher: SEG Books
Release Date : 2003
Hardrock Seismic Exploration written by David W. Eaton and has been published by SEG Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Seismic prospecting categories.
With case histories and chapters on principles of acquisition, processing, modelling, and interpretation, this book is invaluable for seismic exploration of hardrock terranes. Balancing tutorial, review, application, and future research directions, it is useful for researchers, geophysicists, geotechnical engineers, and seismic processors.
Geophysics For The Mineral Exploration Geoscientist
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Author : Michael Dentith
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-04-24
Geophysics For The Mineral Exploration Geoscientist written by Michael Dentith and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-24 with Science categories.
Providing a balance between principles and practice, this state-of-the-art overview of geophysical methods takes readers from the basic physical phenomena, through the acquisition and processing of data, to the creation of geological models of the subsurface and data interpretation to find hidden mineral deposits. Detailed descriptions of all the commonly used geophysical methods are given, including gravity, magnetic, radiometric, electrical, electromagnetic and seismic methods. Each technique is described in a consistent way and without complex mathematics. Emphasising extraction of maximum geological information from geophysical data, the book also explains petrophysics, data modelling and common interpretation pitfalls. Packed with full-colour figures, also available online, the text is supported by selected examples from around the world, including all the major deposit types. Designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in minerals geoscience, this is also a valuable reference for professionals in the mining industry wishing to make greater use of geophysical methods. In 2015, Dentith and Mudge won the ASEG Lindsay Ingall Memorial Award for their combined effort in promoting geophysics to the wider community with the publication of this title.
Four Billion Years And Counting
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Author : Robert A. Fensome
language : en
Publisher: Nimbus Publishing (CN)
Release Date : 2014
Four Billion Years And Counting written by Robert A. Fensome and has been published by Nimbus Publishing (CN) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Nature categories.
Canada's diverse landscape speaks to its fascinating geological history, from towering peaks to Prairie plains, from fertile farmlands of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Lowlands to rugged cliffs of the Atlantic shore. However, the modern landscape is just the latest episode in an epic story spanning more than 4 billion years. Four Billion Years and Counting unveils the geological history of Canada and makes connections between geology and social issues such as climate change, hazards such as landslides and earthquakes, and other environmental factors. The text features contributions from some 100 specialists, and is richly illustrated with over 500 colour photographs and diagrams. Four Billion Years and Counting is a fascinating exploration of Canada's geology for those who are intrigued by the landscape and the vital connection between ourselves and what lies beneath our feet.
Origin Of Alkali
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Author : Robert Stewart
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1917
Origin Of Alkali written by Robert Stewart and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1917 with Alkali lands categories.
Tropical Plant Science
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Author : G. K. Berrie
language : en
Publisher: Longman Scientific and Technical
Release Date : 1987
Tropical Plant Science written by G. K. Berrie and has been published by Longman Scientific and Technical this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Science categories.