Are Real Interest Rates Equal Across Countries
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Are Real Interest Rates Equal Across Countries
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Author : Frederic S. Mishkin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Are Real Interest Rates Equal Across Countries written by Frederic S. Mishkin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Interest categories.
The proposition that real rates are equal across countries is worth studying because it is central to our understanding of open economy macroeconomics and because it is also an important issue to policy makers. If it is true, then domestic monetary authorities have no control over their real rate relative to the world rate, limiting the impact of their stabilization policies. In addition, as Feldstein has pointed out, unless real rates can differ across countries, policies directed at increasing domestic savings cannot increase the rate of capital formation and hence productivity. The equality of real rates is also worth investigating, because it is intimately linked to and provides information on the basic parity conditions featured so prominently in open economy macro models.This paper conducts empirical tests of the equality of real rates and other parity conditions across countries using euro rate data over the1967-II to 1979-II sample period. The empirical evidence strongly rejects the hypothesis of the equality of real euro rates across countries. The joint hypotheses of uncovered interest parity and ex ante relative PPP, or the unbiasedness of forward rate forecasts and ex ante relative PPP, are also strongly rejected. Yet independent tests of uncovered interest parity, the unbiasedness of forward rate forecasts and ex ante relative PPP yield few rejections and high marginal significance levels. The evidence suggests that it is worth studying open economy models which allow: 1) domestic real rates to differ from world rates, 2) time varying risk premiums in the forward market or 3) deviations from ex ante relative purchasing power parity.The evidence also leaves open the possibility for policy makers to exertsome control over their domestic real rate relative to those in the rest of the world. However, the evidence does not rule out that there is a tendency for real rates across countries to equalize over time, and this is an important topic for further research.
International Parity Conditions
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Author : Razzaque H. Bhatti
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-07-27
International Parity Conditions written by Razzaque H. Bhatti and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-27 with Business & Economics categories.
This book presents an extensive survey of the theory and empirics of international parity conditions which are critical to our understanding of the linkages between world markets and the movement of interest and exchange rates across countries. The book falls into three parts dealing with the theory, methods of econometric testing and existing empirical evidence. Although it is intended to provide a consensus view on the subject, the authors also make some controversial propositions, particularly on the purchasing power parity conditions.
Real Interest Rates Real Exchange Rates And Net Foreign Assets In The Adjustment Process
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Author : Mr.Thomas Helbling
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1995-12-01
Real Interest Rates Real Exchange Rates And Net Foreign Assets In The Adjustment Process written by Mr.Thomas Helbling and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper analyzes the recent behavior of real exchange rates, the trade balance and the net foreign asset position of the United States in an intertemporal optimizing model of the world economy that incorporates heterogeneity across countries and imperfect international capital and good markets. While the model successfully tracks the dynamics of trade balances and net foreign assets it generates too much consumption smoothing and excessively volatile relative prices. Resolving these inadequacies simultaneously is difficult as the elasticity of substitution between tradables and nontradables affects in opposite ways the degree of consumption smoothing and the volatility of relative prices.
Are High Real Interest Rates Bad For World Economic Growth
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Author : Nemat Shafik
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1991
Are High Real Interest Rates Bad For World Economic Growth written by Nemat Shafik and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Crecimiento economico categories.
The conventional wisdom says yes. But close examination suggests the answer is not nearly so clear-cut.
Deviations From Uncovered Interest Parity
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Author : Mr.Evan Tanner
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1998-08-01
Deviations From Uncovered Interest Parity written by Mr.Evan Tanner and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-08-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Ex-post deviations from uncovered interest parity (UIP) – realized differences between dollar returns on identical assets of different currencies – equal the real interest differential plus real exchange rate growth. Among industrialized countries, UIP deviations are largely explained by unanticipated real exchange rate growth, but among developing countries, real interest differentials are “where the action is.” This observation is due to the greater variability of inflation in developing countries, but may also stem from higher and more variable risks and capital controls in these countries. Also, among developing countries with moderate inflation, offsetting comovements of real interest differentials and real exchange growth support the sticky-price hypothesis.
Testing Real Interest Parity In Emerging Markets
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Author : Manmohan Singh
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2006
Testing Real Interest Parity In Emerging Markets written by Manmohan Singh and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Developing countries categories.
The paper finds significant deviations between short-term emerging market real interest rates and world real interest rates primarily due to the inflationary expectations of the local investor base. We test for long-run real interest convergence in emerging markets using a time varying panel unit root test proposed by Pesaran to capture the improved macro-economic fundamentals since early 1990s. We also estimate the speed of convergence in the presence of a shock. The paper suggests that real interest rates in the emerging markets show some convergence in the long run but real interest parity does not hold. Our results also find that the speed of adjustment of real rates to a shock is estimated to differ significantly across the emerging markets. Measured by their half-life, some emerging markets in Asia, E.Europe and S.Africa, where real interest rates are generally low, take much longer to adjust than where real interest rates are generally high (Latin America, Turkey). From a policy perspective, encouraging foreign investors to take direct exposure at the short end of the local debt market could lower the real interest rates in some emerging markets.
Interest Rates Exchange Rates And World Monetary Policy
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Author : John E. Floyd
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-31
Interest Rates Exchange Rates And World Monetary Policy written by John E. Floyd and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-31 with Business & Economics categories.
A careful basic theoretical and econometric analysis of the factors determining the real exchange rates of Canada, the U.K., Japan, France and Germany with respect to the United States is conducted. The resulting conclusion is that real exchange rates are almost entirely determined by real factors relating to growth and technology such as oil and commodity prices, international allocations of world investment across countries, and underlying terms of trade changes. Unanticipated money supply shocks, calculated in five alternative ways have virtually no effects. A Blanchard-Quah VAR analysis also indicates that the effects of real shocks predominate over monetary shocks by a wide margin. The implications of these facts for the conduct of monetary policy in countries outside the U.S. are then explored leading to the conclusion that all countries, to avoid exchange rate overshooting, have tended to automatically follow the same monetary policy as the United States. The history of world monetary policy is reviewed along with the determination of real exchange rates within the Euro Area.
Negative Interest Rates
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Author : Luís Brandão Marques
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-03-03
Negative Interest Rates written by Luís Brandão Marques and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-03 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper focuses on negative interest rate policies and covers a broad range of its effects, with a detailed discussion of findings in the academic literature and of broader country experiences.
Exchange Rate Theory And Practice
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Author : John F. Bilson
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2007-12-01
Exchange Rate Theory And Practice written by John F. Bilson and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume grew out of a National Bureau of Economic Research conference on exchange rates held in Bellagio, Italy, in 1982. In it, the world's most respected international monetary economists discuss three significant new views on the economics of exchange rates - Rudiger Dornbusch's overshooting model, Jacob Frenkel's and Michael Mussa's asset market variants, and Pentti Kouri's current account/portfolio approach. Their papers test these views with evidence from empirical studies and analyze a number of exchange rate policies in use today, including those of the European Monetary System.
Inflation Targeting And Exchange Rate Management In Less Developed Countries
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Author : Mr. Marco Airaudo
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2016-03-08
Inflation Targeting And Exchange Rate Management In Less Developed Countries written by Mr. Marco Airaudo and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-08 with Business & Economics categories.
We analyze coordination of monetary and exchange rate policy in a two-sector model of a small open economy featuring imperfect substitution between domestic and foreign financial assets. Our central finding is that management of the exchange rate greatly enhances the efficacy of inflation targeting. In a flexible exchange rate system, inflation targeting incurs a high risk of indeterminacy where macroeconomic fluctuations can be driven by self-fulfilling expectations. Moreover, small inflation shocks may escalate into much larger increases in inflation ex post. Both problems disappear when the central bank leans heavily against the wind in a managed float.