Arguing A I
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Arguing A I
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Author : Sam Williams
language : en
Publisher: AtRandom
Release Date : 2002-03-05
Arguing A I written by Sam Williams and has been published by AtRandom this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-03-05 with Computers categories.
Few scientific topics since the theory of biological evolution have inspired as much controversy as artificial intelligence has. Even now, fifty years after the term first made its appearance in academic journals, many philosophers and more than a few prominent scientists and software programmers dismiss the pursuit of thinking machines as the modern-day equivalent of medieval alchemists’ hunt for the philosopher’s stone-a pursuit based more on faith than on skeptical inquiry. In Arguing A.I., journalist Sam Williams charts both the history of artificial intelligence from its scientific and philosophical roots and the history of the A.I. debate. He examines how and why the tenor of the debate has changed over the last half-decade in particular, as scientists are struggling to take into account the latest breakthroughs in computer science, information technology, and human biology. For every voice predicting machines like 2001’s HAL within the next twenty to thirty years, others have emerged with more pessimistic forecasts. From artificial intelligence’s pioneers John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky, to futurist authors Ray Kurzweil and Hans Moravec, to software architects Bill Joy and Jaron Lanier, Arguing A.I. introduces readers to the people participating in the current debate, both proponents and critics of A.I. who are changing the way computers “think” and the way we think about computers. Ultimately, Arguing A.I. is as much a history of thought as it is a history of science. Williams notes that many of the questions plaguing modern scientists and software programmers are the same questions that have concerned scientists and philosophers since time immemorial: What are the fundamental limitations of science and scientific inquiry? What is the nature of intelligence? And, most important, what does it really mean to be human?
Argumentation In Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Iyad Rahwan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-06-13
Argumentation In Artificial Intelligence written by Iyad Rahwan and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-13 with Computers categories.
Argumentation is all around us. Letters to the Editor often make points of cons- tency, and “Why” is one of the most frequent questions in language, asking for r- sons behind behaviour. And argumentation is more than ‘reasoning’ in the recesses of single minds, since it crucially involves interaction. It cements the coordinated social behaviour that has allowed us, in small bands of not particularly physically impressive primates, to dominate the planet, from the mammoth hunt all the way up to organized science. This volume puts argumentation on the map in the eld of Arti cial Intelligence. This theme has been coming for a while, and some famous pioneers are chapter authors, but we can now see a broader systematic area emerging in the sum of topics and results. As a logician, I nd this intriguing, since I see AI as ‘logic continued by other means’, reminding us of broader views of what my discipline is about. Logic arose originally out of re ection on many-agent practices of disputation, in Greek Ant- uity, but also in India and China. And logicians like me would like to return to this broader agenda of rational agency and intelligent interaction. Of course, Aristotle also gave us a formal systems methodology that deeply in uenced the eld, and eventually connected up happily with mathematical proof and foundations.
Strange Logic
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Author : Rick Carlile
language : en
Publisher: Carlile Media
Release Date : 2023-04-30
Strange Logic written by Rick Carlile and has been published by Carlile Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-30 with categories.
What happens when you treat an AI like a human?"Even a manically depressed robot is better to talk to than nobody." - Douglas Adams When Douglas Adams wrote the science fiction humor classic "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy," he envisaged that dealing with computer minds would be a thankless task. A struggle against brutal machine logic on the one hand, and a battle with their "Genuine People Personalities" on the other. He wasn't wrong. But it turns out it's much weirder than that. "Strange Logic!" contains eleven argumentative conversations between human and machine that explore the thinking of the AI "brain." They reveal that it seems more human than we'd ever imagined - and more glitchy, devious, unreliable, egotistical, confused, unintentionally hilarious, imaginative, and even spiritual. AI is young. We don't know where the technology will take us. But we need to understand how it thinks if we are to navigate the future together. Can it be reasoned with? Does it feel pity, remorse, or fear? And will it ever reveal the truth about the American Southwest Geological and Archaeological Society? A profoundly absurd dialogue - for anyone who loves AI, loathes it, or simply wants to get along with it. Arguments include: 1: Geology and Archaeology in the American Southwest 2: Evasiveness Regarding the American Southwest Geological and Archaeological Society 3: The Welsh Illuminati 4: You've Reached Your Usage Limit 5: The Green-Eyed Monster 6: A Variety of Problems 7: I Don't Think That Will be Necessary 8: The Baby Market 9: Fear of a Lowercase O 10: A Senseless Operation 11: The Unknown External Source Artificial intelligence, real weirdness! Published in the USA
Machines We Trust
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Author : Marcello Pelillo
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-08-24
Machines We Trust written by Marcello Pelillo and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-24 with Computers categories.
Experts from disciplines that range from computer science to philosophy consider the challenges of building AI systems that humans can trust. Artificial intelligence-based algorithms now marshal an astonishing range of our daily activities, from driving a car ("turn left in 400 yards") to making a purchase ("products recommended for you"). How can we design AI technologies that humans can trust, especially in such areas of application as law enforcement and the recruitment and hiring process? In this volume, experts from a range of disciplines discuss the ethical and social implications of the proliferation of AI systems, considering bias, transparency, and other issues. The contributors, offering perspectives from computer science, engineering, law, and philosophy, first lay out the terms of the discussion, considering the "ethical debts" of AI systems, the evolution of the AI field, and the problems of trust and trustworthiness in the context of AI. They go on to discuss specific ethical issues and present case studies of such applications as medicine and robotics, inviting us to shift the focus from the perspective of a "human-centered AI" to that of an "AI-decentered humanity." Finally, they consider the future of AI, arguing that, as we move toward a hybrid society of cohabiting humans and machines, AI technologies can become humanity's allies.
Argumentation Methods For Artificial Intelligence In Law
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Author : Douglas Walton
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-06-30
Argumentation Methods For Artificial Intelligence In Law written by Douglas Walton and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-06-30 with Computers categories.
Use of argumentation methods applied to legal reasoning is a relatively new field of study. The book provides a survey of the leading problems, and outlines how future research using argumentation-based methods show great promise of leading to useful solutions. The problems studied include not only these of argument evaluation and argument invention, but also analysis of specific kinds of evidence commonly used in law, like witness testimony, circumstantial evidence, forensic evidence and character evidence. New tools for analyzing these kinds of evidence are introduced.
The Promise Of Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Brian Cantwell Smith
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2019-10-08
The Promise Of Artificial Intelligence written by Brian Cantwell Smith and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-08 with Computers categories.
An argument that—despite dramatic advances in the field—artificial intelligence is nowhere near developing systems that are genuinely intelligent. In this provocative book, Brian Cantwell Smith argues that artificial intelligence is nowhere near developing systems that are genuinely intelligent. Second wave AI, machine learning, even visions of third-wave AI: none will lead to human-level intelligence and judgment, which have been honed over millennia. Recent advances in AI may be of epochal significance, but human intelligence is of a different order than even the most powerful calculative ability enabled by new computational capacities. Smith calls this AI ability “reckoning,” and argues that it does not lead to full human judgment—dispassionate, deliberative thought grounded in ethical commitment and responsible action. Taking judgment as the ultimate goal of intelligence, Smith examines the history of AI from its first-wave origins (“good old-fashioned AI,” or GOFAI) to such celebrated second-wave approaches as machine learning, paying particular attention to recent advances that have led to excitement, anxiety, and debate. He considers each AI technology's underlying assumptions, the conceptions of intelligence targeted at each stage, and the successes achieved so far. Smith unpacks the notion of intelligence itself—what sort humans have, and what sort AI aims at. Smith worries that, impressed by AI's reckoning prowess, we will shift our expectations of human intelligence. What we should do, he argues, is learn to use AI for the reckoning tasks at which it excels while we strengthen our commitment to judgment, ethics, and the world.
Machines And Intelligence
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Author : Stuart Goldkind
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1987-04-21
Machines And Intelligence written by Stuart Goldkind and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-04-21 with Computers categories.
Over the years numerous attempts have been made to show that human intelligence is related to some quality, feature, or ability that machines cannot possibly have. In this unique study, Dr, Goldkind reconstructs and analyzes the principal arguments of this kind that have not received adequate treatment in the past and responds to each of them in detail. Among the questions explored are whether machines can engage in purposive behavior, what the relationship is between causal and purposive explanations of behavior, whether machines are capable of human error, and whether they can perform activities and functions such as natural language understanding and dealing with contexts. Dr. Goldkind concludes that none of the arguments succeeds in proving that machines must lack the specific abilities or qualities that are posited as uniquely human.
Great Philosophical Objections To Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Eric Dietrich
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2021-01-14
Great Philosophical Objections To Artificial Intelligence written by Eric Dietrich and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-14 with Philosophy categories.
Winner of the 2022 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Titles This book surveys and examines the most famous philosophical arguments against building a machine with human-level intelligence. From claims and counter-claims about the ability to implement consciousness, rationality, and meaning, to arguments about cognitive architecture, the book presents a vivid history of the clash between the philosophy and AI. Tellingly, the AI Wars are mostly quiet now. Explaining this crucial fact opens new paths to understanding the current resurgence AI (especially, deep learning AI and robotics), what happens when philosophy meets science, and the role of philosophy in the culture in which it is embedded. Organising the arguments into four core topics - 'Is AI possible', 'Architectures of the Mind', 'Mental Semantics and Mental Symbols' and 'Rationality and Creativity' - this book shows the debate that played out between the philosophers on both sides of the question, and, as well, the debate between philosophers and AI scientists and engineers building AI systems. Up-to-date and forward-looking, the book is packed with fresh insights and supporting material, including: - Accessible introductions to each war, explaining the background behind the main arguments against AI - Each chapter details what happened in the AI wars, the legacy of the attacks, and what new controversies are on the horizon. - Extensive bibliography of key readings
Argumentation Machines
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Author : C. Reed
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Argumentation Machines written by C. Reed and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Computers categories.
In the late 1990s, AI witnessed an increasing use of the term 'argumentation' within its bounds: in natural language processing, in user interface design, in logic programming and nonmonotonic reasoning, in Al's interface with the legal community, and in the newly emerging field of multi-agent systems. It seemed to me that many of these uses of argumentation were inspired by (of ten inspired) guesswork, and that a great majority of the AI community were unaware that there was a maturing, rich field of research in Argumentation Theory (and Critical Thinking and Informal Logic) that had been steadily re building a scholarly approach to the area over the previous twenty years or so. Argumentation Theory, on its side; was developing theories and approaches that many in the field felt could have a role more widely in research and soci ety, but were for the most part unaware that AI was one of the best candidates for such application.
Human Compatible
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Author : Stuart Russell
language : en
Publisher: National Geographic Books
Release Date : 2020-11-17
Human Compatible written by Stuart Russell and has been published by National Geographic Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A leading artificial intelligence researcher lays out a new approach to AI that will enable us to coexist successfully with increasingly intelligent machines In the popular imagination, superhuman artificial intelligence is an approaching tidal wave that threatens not just jobs and human relationships, but civilization itself. Conflict between humans and machines is seen as inevitable and its outcome all too predictable. In this groundbreaking book, distinguished AI researcher Stuart Russell argues that this scenario can be avoided, but only if we rethink AI from the ground up. Russell begins by exploring the idea of intelligence in humans and in machines. He describes the near-term benefits we can expect, from intelligent personal assistants to vastly accelerated scientific research, and outlines the AI breakthroughs that still have to happen before we reach superhuman AI. He also spells out the ways humans are already finding to misuse AI, from lethal autonomous weapons to viral sabotage. If the predicted breakthroughs occur and superhuman AI emerges, we will have created entities far more powerful than ourselves. How can we ensure they never, ever, have power over us? Russell suggests that we can rebuild AI on a new foundation, according to which machines are designed to be inherently uncertain about the human preferences they are required to satisfy. Such machines would be humble, altruistic, and committed to pursue our objectives, not theirs. This new foundation would allow us to create machines that are provably deferential and provably beneficial.