Assessing For Spatio Temporal Phenological Changes In Western European Deciduous Forests
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Assessing For Spatio Temporal Phenological Changes In Western European Deciduous Forests
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Author : E. Hamunyela
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Assessing For Spatio Temporal Phenological Changes In Western European Deciduous Forests written by E. Hamunyela and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Plant phenology is changing because of global warming, and this change may precipitate changes in animal distribution (e.g. pests), alter the synchronization between species, and have feedback effects on the climate system through the alteration of biogeochemical and physical processes of vegetated land surface. Despite these possible alarming consequences resulting from changes in plant phenology, we do not have a certain global picture of where change in plant phenology is occurring. Satellite data are seen as possible source of wall-to-wall information on plant phenology, but the reliability of this information for monitoring changes in plant phenology is not well established. Here, we used both ground phenological observations and satellite-derived metrics covering the period of 2001 through 2011 to assess for trends in the start-of-season (SOS) for Western European deciduous forests to determine if climatic warming recorded between 2001 and 2011 has resulted into changes in SOS.
Sensitivity Analysis In Earth Observation Modelling
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Author : George Petropoulos
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-10-07
Sensitivity Analysis In Earth Observation Modelling written by George Petropoulos and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-07 with Science categories.
Sensitivity Analysis in Earth Observation Modeling highlights the state-of-the-art in ongoing research investigations and new applications of sensitivity analysis in earth observation modeling. In this framework, original works concerned with the development or exploitation of diverse methods applied to different types of earth observation data or earth observation-based modeling approaches are included. An overview of sensitivity analysis methods and principles is provided first, followed by examples of applications and case studies of different sensitivity/uncertainty analysis implementation methods, covering the full spectrum of sensitivity analysis techniques, including operational products. Finally, the book outlines challenges and future prospects for implementation in earth observation modeling. Information provided in this book is of practical value to readers looking to understand the principles of sensitivity analysis in earth observation modeling, the level of scientific maturity in the field, and where the main limitations or challenges are in terms of improving our ability to implement such approaches in a wide range of applications. Readers will also be informed on the implementation of sensitivity/uncertainty analysis on operational products available at present, on global and continental scales. All of this information is vital in the selection process of the most appropriate sensitivity analysis method to implement. Outlines challenges and future prospects of sensitivity analysis implementation in earth observation modeling Provides readers with a roadmap for directing future efforts Includes case studies with applications from different regions around the globe, helping readers to explore strengths and weaknesses of the different methods in earth observation modeling Presents a step-by-step guide, providing the principles of each method followed by the application of variants, making the reference easy to use and follow
Phenological Responses Of Deciduous Woody Plants To Climate Variability And Change From Individuals To Communities
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Author : Yingying Xie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Phenological Responses Of Deciduous Woody Plants To Climate Variability And Change From Individuals To Communities written by Yingying Xie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Phenology Of Ecosystem Processes
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Author : Asko Noormets
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-06-19
Phenology Of Ecosystem Processes written by Asko Noormets and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-19 with Science categories.
Terrestrial carbon balance is uncertain at the regional and global scale. A significant source of variability in mid-latitude ecosystems is related to the timing and duration of phenological phases. Spring phenology, in particular, has disproportionate effects on the annual carbon balance. However, the traditional phenological indices that are based on leaf-out and flowering times of select indicator species are not universally amenable for predicting the temporal dynamics of ecosystem carbon and water exchange. Phenology of Ecosystem Processes evaluates current applications of traditional phenology in carbon and H2O cycle research, as well as the potential to identify phenological signals in ecosystem processes themselves. The book summarizes recent progress in the understanding of the seasonal dynamics of ecosystem carbon and H2O fluxes, the novel use of various methods (stable isotopes, time-series, forward and inverse modeling), and the implications for remote sensing and global carbon cycle modeling. Each chapter includes a literature review, in order to present the state-of-the-science in the field and enhance the book’s usability as an educational aid, as well as a case study to exemplify the use and applicability of various methods. Chapters that apply a specific methodology summarize the successes and challenges of particular methods for quantifying the seasonal changes in ecosystem carbon, water and energy fluxes. The book will benefit global change researchers, modelers, and advanced students.
Vulnerability Of European Forests To Natural Disturbances
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Vulnerability Of European Forests To Natural Disturbances written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
European forests provide a set of fundamental services that contribute to climate change mitigation and human well-being. At the same time, forests are vulnerable systems because the long life-span of trees limits the possibility of rapid adaptation to drastic environmental changes. Climate-driven disturbances in forests, such as fires, windstorms and pests (e.g. insects), are expected to rise drastically under global warming. As a result, key forest services, such as carbon sequestration and supply of wood materials, could be seriously affected in the near future. Despite the relevance and urgency of the issue, little is known about the vulnerability of European forests to multiple climate-related hazards. To fill this knowledge gap we investigated the susceptibility of European forests when exposed to a given natural disturbance. For this purpose, we assessed forest vulnerability by integrating in a data-driven framework satellite observations, land surface climatic data and records of disturbances over the 2000-2017 period. The integration of these data streams is meant to capture the key drivers of vulnerability and to quantify, for the first time, the vulnerability of European forests to fires, windstorms and insect outbreaks in a systematic and spatially explicit manner. We point out that, the term vulnerability is used in this study to express to what degree a forest ecosystem is affected when exposed to a given disturbance. In order to derive risk estimates, vulnerability estimates should be integrated with hazard and exposure components, according to typical impact assessment frameworks. Results of this analyses show that in average at Europe level forest vulnerability to windstorms appears to be the disturbance with larger biomass loss both in relative and absolute terms (~38%, ~17 t ha-1) compared to fires (~24%, ~12.5 t ha-1) and insect outbreaks (~21%, ~9 t ha-1). Substantial spatial variations in vulnerability emerge and exhibit generally higher values in northern and Mediterranean regions. Overall, forest structural properties play a larger role on the vulnerability of European forests to natural disturbances compared to climate and landscape features. However, increases in temperature and changes in precipitation patterns that occurred over the last two decades have substantially contributed to make European forests more vulnerable to natural disturbances. We found that these changes in climate led to a negligible increase in vulnerability in Europe to fires and windstorms and to a strong increase to insect outbreaks. However, contrasting regional trends emerging over Europe mask relevant temporal changes in vulnerability occurring at local scale. When analyses of single disturbances are combined together, results show that large parts of the European forests are substantially vulnerable to at least one natural disturbance and that many of the highly vulnerable areas have been subject to a further amplification over the observational period due to changes in climate. Previous assessments of future climate risks to European forests, based on catalogues of disturbances collected at country level, have shown that damage from fires, windstorms and insect outbreaks is likely to increase further in coming decades. Such intensification could offset the impact of land-based strategies aiming to increase the forest carbon sink or other ecosystem services. However, the country scale approach used in such studies does not allow to explore in detail the underlying physical processes and to elaborate forest adaptation strategies at appropriate local levels. It is therefore fundamental to elaborate new modelling approaches that address in an explicit manner the high spatial and temporal variability of forest disturbances. In this respect, machine learning approaches and the increasing availability of multi-platform satellite observations of land surface represent valuable opportunities to appraise the impact of forest disturbances at a spatial and temporal resolution relevant for forest management strategies. This explorative study represents a first step towards such integrated framework.
Modelling Microclimates In Broadleaved Deciduous Forests Using Remotely Sensed Data
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Author : Zulkiflee Abd Latif
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Modelling Microclimates In Broadleaved Deciduous Forests Using Remotely Sensed Data written by Zulkiflee Abd Latif and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
In temperate forests, wind throw often creates canopy gaps which can dramatically change the micro climate and soil water balance. The main focus of this thesis is to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of the microclimatic conditions in gaps and the sub-canopy in broadleaved deciduous forests. This was achieved by applying a combination of numerical modelling and remote sensing techniques. An analysis of the effects of canopy gap size on microclimate and soil water content was conducted in a semi-natural broadleaved deciduous forest, Eaves Wood, located in North West England. The results showed that solar radiation, air temperature, soil temperature and soil water content significantly increased with gap size; air humidity was consistently lower in gaps than the sub-canopy but did not vary with gap size. However, the variability of wind speed could not be explained by the presence or size of gaps. A spatially explicit model of forest gap microclimate and soil water balance, FORGAP-BD (FORest GAP - Broadleaved Deciduous) was developed based on previous reviewed literatures and field measurements. The spatial input variables for FORGAP-BD such as leaf area index, land surface elevation, gap and canopy properties and canopy radiation extinction coefficient were derived from LiDAR and multi spectral remotely sensed data. A preliminary study demonstrated the effectiveness of combining numerical modelling and remote sensing approaches for analysis of the spatio-temporal variability of forest microclimate and soil water balance. Refinements were made to the methodologies for extracting canopy and gap properties using LiDAR and multi spectral data, in order to improve the gap microclimate and soil water content simulations. The outputs of the FORGAP-BD model were then validated using in situ data collected at Eaves Wood, U.K. The results demonstrated that FORGAP-BD driven by remotely-sensed inputs was able to accurately simulate the diurnal fluctuations and spatial distribution of solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and soil water content across the study site. Multi-temporal LiDAR data were used to characterise the dynamics of gaps over a ten year period for a broadleaved deciduous forest, Frame Wood, U.K. The dominance of the process of gap contraction by lateral crown expansion was revealed. The spatial outputs from the multi-temporal remotely-sensed data were used to drive the FORGAP-BD model in order to assess the influence of gap dynamics on micro climate. The effects of different types of gap and canopy change were examined. Importantly, by linking gap properties and their influences upon microclimates this research has generated a potentially valuable tool for understanding the consequences of gap dynamics on a range of abiotic and biotic properties and processes. Hence, the approach developed here provides the basis on which to assess the implications of forestry and conservation practices and natural or anthropogenic disturbances in temperate forest ecosystems.
Remote Sensing Methods And Applications For Detecting Change In Forest Ecosystems
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Author : David James Gudex-Cross
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Remote Sensing Methods And Applications For Detecting Change In Forest Ecosystems written by David James Gudex-Cross and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Climatic changes categories.
Forest ecosystems are being altered by climate change, invasive species, and additional stressors. Our ability to detect these changes and quantify their impacts relies on detailed data across spatial and temporal scales. This dissertation expands the ecological utility of long-term satellite imagery by developing high quality forest mapping products and examining spatiotemporal changes in tree species abundance and phenology across the northeastern United States (US; the 'Northeast'). Species/genus-level forest composition maps were developed by integrating field data and Landsat images to model abundance at a sub-pixel scale. These abundance maps were then used to 1) produce a more detailed, accurate forest classification compared to similar products and 2) construct a 30-year time-series of abundance for eight common species/genera. Analyzing the time-series data revealed significant abundance trends in notable species, including increases in American beech (Fagus grandifolia) at the expense of sugar maple (Acer saccharum). Climate was the dominant predictor of abundance trends, indicating climate change may be altering competitive relationships. Spatiotemporal trends in deciduous forest phenology -- start and end of the growing season (SOS/EOS) -- were examined based on MODIS imagery from 2001-2015. SOS exhibited a slight advancing trend across the Northeast, but with a distinct spatial pattern: eastern ecoregions showed advance and western ecoregions delay. EOS trended substantially later almost everywhere. SOS trends were linked to winter-spring temperature and precipitation trends; areas with higher elevation and fall precipitation anomalies had negative associations with EOS trends. Together, this work demonstrates the value of remote sensing in furthering our understanding of long-term forest responses to changing environmental conditions. By highlighting potential changes in forest composition and function, the research presented here can be used to develop forest conservation and management strategies in the Northeast.
Phenological Research
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Author : Irene L. Hudson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-11-24
Phenological Research written by Irene L. Hudson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-24 with Science categories.
As climate change continues to dominate the international environmental agenda, phenology – the study of the timing of recurring biological events – has received increasing research attention, leading to an emerging consensus that phenology can be viewed as an ‘early warning system’ for climate change impact. A multidisciplinary science involving many branches of ecology, geography and remote sensing, phenology to date has lacked a coherent methodological text. This new synthesis, including contributions from many of the world’s leading phenologists, therefore fills a critical gap in the current biological literature. Providing critiques of current methods, as well as detailing novel and emerging methodologies, the book, with its extensive suite of references, provides readers with an understanding of both the theoretical basis and the potential applications required to adopt and adapt new analytical and design methods. An invaluable source book for researchers and students in ecology and climate change science, the book also provides a useful reference for practitioners in a range of sectors, including human health, fisheries, forestry, agriculture and natural resource management.
Time Series Modelling Of Water Resources And Environmental Systems
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Author : K.W. Hipel
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1994-04-07
Time Series Modelling Of Water Resources And Environmental Systems written by K.W. Hipel and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-04-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This is a comprehensive presentation of the theory and practice of time series modelling of environmental systems. A variety of time series models are explained and illustrated, including ARMA (autoregressive-moving average), nonstationary, long memory, three families of seasonal, multiple input-single output, intervention and multivariate ARMA models. Other topics in environmetrics covered in this book include time series analysis in decision making, estimating missing observations, simulation, the Hurst phenomenon, forecasting experiments and causality. Professionals working in fields overlapping with environmetrics - such as water resources engineers, environmental scientists, hydrologists, geophysicists, geographers, earth scientists and planners - will find this book a valuable resource. Equally, environmetrics, systems scientists, economists, mechanical engineers, chemical engineers, and management scientists will find the time series methods presented in this book useful.
Bioclimatics
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Author : Andrew Delmar Hopkins
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1938
Bioclimatics written by Andrew Delmar Hopkins and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1938 with Bioclimatology categories.