Assessing The Diversity And Function Of Managed And Wild Bee Communities On Diversified Organic Farms
DOWNLOAD
Download Assessing The Diversity And Function Of Managed And Wild Bee Communities On Diversified Organic Farms PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Assessing The Diversity And Function Of Managed And Wild Bee Communities On Diversified Organic Farms book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Assessing The Diversity And Function Of Managed And Wild Bee Communities On Diversified Organic Farms
DOWNLOAD
Author : Elias Harrison Bloom
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Assessing The Diversity And Function Of Managed And Wild Bee Communities On Diversified Organic Farms written by Elias Harrison Bloom and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Organic farming categories.
Globally, bees are the most important pollinators of crops. However, the use of conventional farming practices and the loss of nest sites and floral resources, threatens bee populations and pollination. Here, I demonstrate how resource diversity and organic management contribute to patterns of bee diversity and ecosystem function. I also show how citizen science can be used to educate the general public and monitor bees. My study spanned four years (2014-2017) and was hosted by 36 organic farms in Washington State, USA.First, I review the response of bees to organic farming. Next, I evaluate the mechanisms by which plant diversity and landscape-context affect bee visitation at the 36 farms across three years (2014-2016). I found that floral complementarity, rather than floral species identity, was the best predictor of floral visits by bees. I also found that increasing landscape diversity mitigated the effects of floral diversity loss and strengthened the effects of floral diversity gains, although wild bees benefited more strongly than honey bees from gains in floral diversity. I then use beta-diversity equations and species abundance models to evaluate the response of bees to organic farming practices and resource change using data from the same sites and time period. My results suggest that organic practices, landscape context and plant diversity influence the bee species that are present at a site by altering the niches available for individual species.Finally, I evaluate two citizen science projects over a three-year period (2015-2017) to determine why volunteers participated in data collection on bees. One project required volunteers to actively monitor bees while the other used a passive monitoring technique. Citizen scientists who monitored bees passively rather than actively submitted more data. However, participants in both projects attended courses for education on bees rather than to become a citizen scientist.My results indicate the importance of floral diversity, landscape context and organic farming for bee species conservation and ecosystem function. I also show that the design of citizen science projects is important for reaching data collection goals of researchers.
The Effects Of Agricultural Practices On Native Bee Community Structure And Highbush Blueberry Crop Production
DOWNLOAD
Author : Melanie Joanne Fabian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Effects Of Agricultural Practices On Native Bee Community Structure And Highbush Blueberry Crop Production written by Melanie Joanne Fabian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Agricultural ecology categories.
The Role Of Native Bees On Organic Farms In Humboldt County California
DOWNLOAD
Author : John M. Mola
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Role Of Native Bees On Organic Farms In Humboldt County California written by John M. Mola and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Agricultural ecology categories.
A growing body of literature supports the position that both natural habitat surrounding farms and high flowering crop diversity helps insure farms against pollination shortfalls and an overreliance on European honeybees. I assessed the importance of native pollinators for the ostensibly bee-rich farm habitat of Humboldt County, California (USA). I also evaluated the management potential of an indigenous bee, Osmia lignaria, for orchard crop pollination. I found native bees were less diverse and abundant than expected based on predictions from surveys in other regions on similar crops. The importance of native bees compared to honeybees was especially low on spring crops, and became a little more balanced on summer crops. However, the only two crops where native bees were the main pollinators, squash and tomato, were visited almost exclusively by a single species of bee, and therefore still exhibited an extremely low diversity of pollinators. Studies of O. lignaria showed promising management potential on coastal farms, where their flight season overlapped strongly with orchard bloom and females regularly collected apple pollen. Overall, my study demonstrates that crop pollination may still depend disproportionately on the non-native honeybee, even in areas with high semi-natural habitat in close proximity to farms. Furthermore, the variable importance of native bees across crops and time of season demonstrates that full-season multi-crop studies should be conducted when assessing the role of native bee communities within a region. To safeguard against potential declines in honeybee populations, nesting structures should be deployed on farms to manage local populations of native bee species.
Pollinators And Pollination
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jeff Ollerton
language : en
Publisher: Pelagic Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2021-01-18
Pollinators And Pollination written by Jeff Ollerton and has been published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-18 with Science categories.
A unique and personal insight into the ecology and evolution of pollinators, their relationships with flowers, and their conservation in a rapidly changing world. The pollination of flowers by insects, birds and other animals is a fundamentally important ecological function that supports both the natural world and human society. Without pollinators to facilitate the sexual reproduction of plants, the world would be a biologically poorer place in which to live, there would be an impact on food security, and human health would suffer. Written by one of the world’s leading pollination ecologists, this book provides an introduction to what pollinators are, how their interactions with flowers have evolved, and the fundamental ecology of these relationships. It explores the pollination of wild and agricultural plants in a variety of habitats and contexts, including urban, rural and agricultural environments. The author also provides practical advice on how individuals and organisations can study, and support, pollinators. As well as covering the natural history of pollinators and flowers, the author discusses their cultural importance, and the ways in which pollinator conservation has been portrayed from a political perspective. The book draws on field work experiences in South America, Africa, Australia, the Canary Islands and the UK. For over 30 years the author has spent his career researching how plants and pollinators evolve relationships, how these interactions function ecologically, their importance for society, and how we can conserve them in a rapidly changing world. This book offers a unique and personal insight into the science of pollinators and pollination, aimed at anyone who is interested in understanding these fascinating and crucial ecological interactions.
Farming For Bees
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mace Vaughan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Farming For Bees written by Mace Vaughan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Bee culture categories.
The State Of The World S Biodiversity For Food And Agriculture
DOWNLOAD
Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2019-03-12
The State Of The World S Biodiversity For Food And Agriculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-12 with Political Science categories.
The State of the World's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture presents the first global assessment of biodiversity for food and agriculture worldwide. Biodiversity for food and agriculture is the diversity of plants, animals and micro-organisms at genetic, species and ecosystem levels, present in and around crop, livestock, forest and aquatic production systems. It is essential to the structure, functions and processes of these systems, to livelihoods and food security, and to the supply of a wide range of ecosystem services. It has been managed or influenced by farmers, livestock keepers, forest dwellers, fish farmers and fisherfolk for hundreds of generations. Prepared through a participatory, country-driven process, the report draws on information from 91 country reports to provide a description of the roles and importance of biodiversity for food and agriculture, the drivers of change affecting it and its current status and trends. It describes the state of efforts to promote the sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity for food and agriculture, including through the development of supporting policies, legal frameworks, institutions and capacities. It concludes with a discussion of needs and challenges in the future management of biodiversity for food and agriculture. The report complements other global assessments prepared under the auspices of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, which have focused on the state of genetic resources within particular sectors of food and agriculture.
Biodiversity In Agroecosystems
DOWNLOAD
Author : Wanda W. Collins
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1998-08-14
Biodiversity In Agroecosystems written by Wanda W. Collins and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-08-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
between the diversity of plant and animal species and host/dependent agricultural systems. Biodiversity in Agroecosystems shows how biodiversity can be thought of not only as the rich make-up of a great number of related and competing species within an ecologically defined community, but also as the robust behavior and resilience of those species over time and as the endurance of their eco-community. This book brings to the fore new research on biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems at both micro and macro levels, heretofore available only in journals and proceedings papers.
The Bee Genera Of North And Central America Hymenoptera Apoidea
DOWNLOAD
Author : Charles Duncan Michener
language : en
Publisher: Smithsonian Books (DC)
Release Date : 1994
The Bee Genera Of North And Central America Hymenoptera Apoidea written by Charles Duncan Michener and has been published by Smithsonian Books (DC) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Nature categories.
"The first identification key to cover all bees in the whole of the New World north of the equator. Parallel columns of English and Spanish text, and 500 drawing and photographs detail the distinguishing features of 169 genera and provide additional information such as range, number of species and subgenera, and references to any revisionist studies. Includes a guide to using the key. Field tested. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or." -- PUBLISHER.
Arthropod Interactions And Responses To Disturbance In A Changing World
DOWNLOAD
Author : Shannon M. Murphy
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-06-16
Arthropod Interactions And Responses To Disturbance In A Changing World written by Shannon M. Murphy and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-16 with categories.
Wild Bee Communities In Grassland Habitats Of The Central Valley Of California
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jennifer Lynn Hernandez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Wild Bee Communities In Grassland Habitats Of The Central Valley Of California written by Jennifer Lynn Hernandez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Recent research has revealed a trend of decreasing pollinator abundance and diversity in regions throughout the world. This highlights the need to understand factors influencing patterns in bee community structure and the drivers of bee diversity and abundance patterns. My dissertation uses several methods to determine factors structuring bee communities with regards to diversity and abundance. I selected 10 sites in different regions of the Central Valley of California that differ with regards to land use and floral diversity. Bee communities at each site were sampled for diversity, abundance, and bee-floral host relationships. Sampling bee communities is often done using only bee bowls because netting is time consuming and prone to sampler bias. In chapter one the methods used in this study were detailed and the use of bee bowls and netting in capturing a representative sample of the bee community were compared using the Sørensen's similarity index and the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index. It was determined that sampling using one method alone would miss approximately 40% of the species richness of the community. Further, there were biases in using bee bowls and nets; the bee bowls sampled certain species more than nets and vice versa. This chapter provides evidence that to adequately sample a bee community both bee bowls and netting must be used. Chapter two focuses on bee biodiversity and the correlation between bee species richness and plant diversity. Patterns of diversity in bee communities of the Central Valley indicate that the family Apidae was more speciose than other families. However, on a species level, those from the family Halictidae far exceeded species from Apidae in abundance. This could have reflected a sampling bias given that pan traps tend to sample individual bees from Halictidae more than Apidae. Chapter two also focused on temporal variability. There was considerable temporal variability in the abundance of one of the more abundant species, Lasioglossum incompletum. This highlighted the need for studies of longer duration in order to account for natural stochasticity in bee populations. Several different diversity indices were used to assess the biodiversity of the different study locations; Putah Creek sites were found to be more diverse than the San Joaquin sites. A correlation analysis was used to determine that a positive relationship between plant diversity and bee species richness did exist for 2005 but not 2006. This indicated that plant diversity may be one of the factors driving bee species richness and community structure. Another factor possibly accounting for variation in bee species richness and abundance is land use. Chapter three used non-metric multidimensional scaling and generalized linear mixed effects model to test for associations between differences in land use patterns and bee species richness and abundance. While there was no direct association between these factors, the ordination did show that the Putah Creek sites, San Joaquin sites, and Cosumnes sites clustered together. Therefore, sites that shared similar land-use patterns were related along a gradient. These cluster patterns were used to group the study locations for the other analyses performed in this project. The Putah Creek sites were characterized by agriculture and urban land use whereas, San Joaquin was semi-natural and Cosumnes Preserve was semi-natural and agricultural. Chapter four is an analysis of the pollinator networks of Putah Creek, San Joaquin, and the Cosumnes Preserve. Pollination webs, matrices, and gplots were used to visualize the networks, while network and species-level indices were used to assess asymmetry, specialization versus generalization, and connectance. It was determined through these analyses that the connectance of the network decreased with increasing species richness and the complexity and composition of the network varied between the three regions of the Central Valley. Further, the San Joaquin Refuge sites, which were characterized as seminatural land use, contained a higher number of oligolectic species than other sites dominated by agricultural and urban land use. The focus of this project was to use different methods to determine drivers of bee species diversity and abundance in different bee communities of the Central Valley of California. Three conclusions can be drawn from the analyses presented; 1) Given temporal variability in bee populations, studies of longer duration must be conducted to determine factors affecting bee community structure from that of natural population variability, 2) Floral diversity is positively correlated with bee species diversity and abundance but it is not the only factor influencing bee community structure. and 3) Land use change may be a factor influencing bee-plant networks but studies that compare networks across space and time are needed to determine the nature of this relationship.