Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care
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Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care
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Author : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2013-03-19
Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-19 with Medical categories.
Economic evidence contributes to the organization of efficient health care and to the promotion of the best health outcomes within budgetary constraints. Despite some inherent limitations, its importance has increased across the globe amid growing concern over the rise in the costs of health care. In the United States, this is coupled with a Federal presence in health policy regulation and financing, leading to reconsideration of the role of economic and clinical evidence in decisionmaking by leading actors. In the United States, the comparative effectiveness of medical interventions undergoes rigorous evaluation. However, there is limited use of economic data in comparing health interventions and creating rational policy in the United States when compared with best practices in other high-income countries. This is despite repeated calls for integrating economic evaluation data routinely into the U.S. health care policy process. The economic evidence about health care interventions refers to such characteristics as cost, price elasticity, efficiency, and value data, either collected empirically or synthesized in economic modeling.19 Economic evaluation combines economic data, such as cost-utility ratios, net monetary benefit, and total budget impact estimates, leading to summary economic information on the characteristics of interventions. Examples are a cost-utility ratio, a cost-effectiveness ratio, the net monetary benefit, or a total budget impact estimate. Cost-effectiveness analysis is a specific type of formalized economic evaluation commonly used in the consideration of economic evidence in health care. It typically focuses on the incremental changes in costs and health benefits after the introduction of a medical intervention as compared to an initial situation, and is meant to aid rational decisionmaking. This type of analysis has become the most common mechanism for generating economic evidence in decisionmaking both inside and outside the United States. Evidence from systematic reviews of clinical outcomes presently plays an established role in determining the comparative effectiveness of medical interventions and is useful in developing clinical practice guidelines, making efficacy-based coverage decisions, and in formulating general health policy. The processes of searching for and summarizing the results of studies have been standardized with the goal of demonstrating clinical efficacy and effectiveness in a uniform way, using all available information. Systematic reviews may also be valuable in evaluating the economic impact of introducing interventions. Around the world, standardized guides have been developed to conduct state-of-the-art economic evaluations, to include economic data in systematic reviews, to systematically review economic data, and to use systematic reviews to inform economic evaluations. In the United States, however, the systematic inclusion of economic outcomes and the review of economic data in systematic reviews to inform health policy is not standardized as is already the case for clinical outcomes.
Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
BACKGROUND: Many health care experts are demanding greater use of economic evidence in the assessment of new and existing health technologies. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether and how economic evidence has an impact on health care decisionmaking in the United States and in other countries and to identify antecedents or obstacles for use in health policy. DATA SOURCES: Searches of MEDLINE, EconLit, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase(r), and ISI Web of ScienceSM from 1991 until January 2012. REVIEW METHODS: The review included original studies that applied a quantitative or qualitative method for evaluating use of economic evidence in any country. We excluded articles that were opinion- or experienced-based without newly generated data. Paired reviewers independently determined whether articles met eligibility criteria and then extracted data from eligible studies. Reviewers also assessed the quality of each study and graded the strength of the body of evidence using an adaptation of the grading of recommendations assessment development and evaluation (GRADE) recommendations, indicating study limitations, quality, strength of findings, and the type of data available. RESULTS: Of 19,127 titles initially screened, 43 studies were included, with all but five published since 2000. The most frequently studied countries were the United Kingdom (15), and Australia, Canada, and the United States (5 each). Most studies (27 studies) considered national-level policy and examined the key health actors involved. Important decisionmaking topics were reimbursement and health package decisions, and priority setting in program development. Thirty studies found evidence that use of economic evidence had a "substantial" impact on health care policymaking, 27 of which emphasized at least one other criterion, such as equity considerations, usually ill-defined (14 studies), clinical effectiveness, budget impact, ethical reasons, and advocacy arguments. The 30 studies confirmed the acceptance of economic evidence as having an impact on either general policy or specific decisions, such as reimbursement decisions. In 11 of the studies, the use of economic evidence had only a "limited" impact on health policy decisions. In two studies, economic evidence had no impact on health policymaking. A few factors played a key role in the use of economic evidence: (1) quality and transparency of the studies that provided the economic evidence was a promoting factor (7 studies) in the case of a good study and a strong obstacle in the case of a poorly presented study (18 studies); (2) transparency and quality of the decisionmaking process was important in the acceptance or rejection of the decision (10 studies for acceptance, 13 studies for rejection); and (3) clarity of the economic information and the way it was communicated were promoting factors (7 studies), while lack of clarity was an obstacle in accepting evidence (17 studies). Of the 37 observational studies of policy impact, 11 (30%) received a favorable rating on more than three of the 8 items on the study quality checklist. Five of the studies had a comparison group and provided intermediate quality evidence that economic evidence is useful in general health policymaking. CONCLUSIONS: The body of evidence on the use of economic evidence in policy is small and patchy. It shows that the utility of economic evidence, alone or in combination with systematic reviews, is influenced by technical issues, such as transparency and clarity, as well as by the transparency of the decisionmaking process.
Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care A Systematic Review
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care A Systematic Review written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care A Systematic Review
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care A Systematic Review written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care A Systematic Review
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care A Systematic Review written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care A Systematic Review
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 19??
Assessing The Impact Of Economic Evidence On Policymakers In Health Care A Systematic Review written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 19?? with categories.
Evidence Based Decisions And Economics
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Author : Ian Shemilt
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-09-22
Evidence Based Decisions And Economics written by Ian Shemilt and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-22 with Medical categories.
The need for evidence-based decisions that take account of botheffectiveness and economics is greater now than ever. Using casestudies and illustrative examples throughout the authors describehow the activities and outputs of evidence synthesis, systematicreview, economic analysis and decision-making interact within andacross different spheres of health and social policy and practice. Expanding on the first edition the book now covers approaches toevidence synthesis that combine economics and systematic reviewmethods in the applied fields of social welfare, education andcriminal justice, as well as health care. Written by economists andhealth services researchers closely involved in developingevidence-based policy and practice it showcases currentstate-of-the-art methodology and will be an invaluable read for allpolicy-makers and practitioners using evidence to inform decisions,analysts conducting research to support decisions and studentsdiscovering the need for evidence-based decisions to incorporateeconomic perspectives and evidence.
Evaluation For The Real World
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Author : Palfrey, Colin
language : en
Publisher: Policy Press
Release Date : 2012-06-13
Evaluation For The Real World written by Palfrey, Colin and has been published by Policy Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-13 with Political Science categories.
Evaluation research findings should be a key element of the policy-making process, yet in reality they are often disregarded. This valuable book examines the development of evaluation and its impact on public policy by analysing evaluation frameworks and criteria which are available when evaluating public policies and services. It further examines the nature of evidence and its use and non-use by decision-makers and assesses the work of influential academics in the USA and UK in the context of evaluation and policy making. The book emphasises the 'real world' of decision-makers in the public sector and recognises how political demands and economic pressures can affect the decisions of those who commission evaluation research while providing recommendations for policymakers on adopting a different approach to evaluation. This is essential reading for under-graduate and post-graduate students of policy analysis and public sector management, and those who are involved in the planning and evaluation of public policies and services.
Methods For The Economic Evaluation Of Health Care Programmes
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Author : Michael F. Drummond
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2015-09-25
Methods For The Economic Evaluation Of Health Care Programmes written by Michael F. Drummond and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-25 with Medical categories.
The purpose of economic evaluation is to inform decisions intended to improve healthcare. The new edition of Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes equips the reader with the necessary tools and understanding required to undertake evaluations by providing an outline of key principles and a 'tool kit' based on the authors' own experiences of undertaking economic evaluations. Building on the strength of the previous edition, the accessible writing style ensures the text is key reading for the non-expert reader, as no prior knowledge of economics is required. The book employs a critical appraisal framework, which is useful both to researchers conducting studies and to decision-makers assessing them. Practical examples are provided throughout to aid learning and understanding. The book discusses the analytical and policy challenges that face health systems in seeking to allocate resources efficiently and fairly. New chapters include 'Principles of economic evaluation' and 'Making decisions in healthcare' which introduces the reader to core issues and questions about resource allocation, and provides an understanding of the fundamental principles which guide decision making. A key part of evidence-based decision making is the analysis of all the relevant evidence to make informed decisions and policy. The new chapter 'Identifying, synthesising and analysing evidence' highlights the importance of systematic review, and how and why these methods are used. As methods of analysis continue to develop, the chapter on 'Characterising, reporting and interpreting uncertainty' introduces the reader to recent methods of analysis and why characterizing uncertainty matters for health care decisions. The fourth edition of Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes has been thoroughly revised and updated, making it essential reading for anyone commissioning, undertaking, or using economic evaluations in health care, including health service professionals, health economists, and health care decision makers.
Using Cost Effectiveness Analysis To Improve Health Care
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Author : Peter J. Neumann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2004-10-28
Using Cost Effectiveness Analysis To Improve Health Care written by Peter J. Neumann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-10-28 with Medical categories.
As health costs in the U.S. soar past $1.5 trillion, much evidence indicates that the nation does not get good value for its money. It is widely agreed that we could do better by using cost-effective analysis (CEA) to help determine which health care services are most worthwhile. American policy makers, however, have largely avoided using CEA, and researchers have devoted little attention to understanding why this is so. By considering the economic, social, legal, and ethical factors that contribute to the situation, and how they can be negotiated in the future, this book offers a unique perspective. It traces the roots of EA in health and medicine, describes its promise for rational resource allocation, and discusses the nature of the opposition to it, using Medicare and the Oregon health plans as examples. In exploring the disconnection between the promise of CEA and the persistent failure of rational intentions, the book seeks to find common ground and practical solutions. It analyzes the prospects for change and presents a roadmap for getting there. It offers pragmatic advice for cost-effectiveness analysts, discussing ways in which they can better translate their research findings into the basis for action. The book also offers advice for policy makers and politicians, including lessons from Europe, Canada, and Australia, and underlines the need for leadership to establish the conditions for change.