Assessing The Tmdl Approach To Water Quality Management
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Assessing The Tmdl Approach To Water Quality Management
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-08-24
Assessing The Tmdl Approach To Water Quality Management written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-08-24 with Political Science categories.
Over the last 30 years, water quality management in the United States has been driven by the control of point sources of pollution and the use of effluent-based water quality standards. Under this paradigm, the quality of the nation's lakes, rivers, reservoirs, groundwater, and coastal waters has generally improved as wastewater treatment plants and industrial dischargers (point sources) have responded to regulations promulgated under authority of the 1972 Clean Water Act. These regulations have required dischargers to comply with effluent-based standards for criteria pollutants, as specified in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued by the states and approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Although successful, the NPDES program has not achieved the nation's water quality goals of "fishable and swimmable" waters largely because discharges from other unregulated nonpoint sources of pollution have not been as successfully controlled. Today, pollutants such as nutrients and sediment, which are often associated with nonpoint sources and were not considered criteria pollutants in the Clean Water Act, are jeopardizing water quality, as are habitat destruction, changes in flow regimes, and introduction of exotic species. This array of challenges has shifted the focus of water quality management from effluent-based to ambient- based water quality standards. Given the most recent lists of impaired waters submitted to EPA, there are about 21,000 polluted river segments, lakes, and estuaries making up over 300,000 river and shore miles and 5 million lake acres. The number of TMDLs required for these impaired waters is greater than 40,000. Under the 1992 EPA guidance or the terms of lawsuit settlements, most states are required to meet an 8- to 13-year deadline for completion of TMDLs. Budget requirements for the program are staggering as well, with most states claiming that they do not have the personnel and financial resources necessary to assess the condition of their waters, to list waters on 303d, and to develop TMDLs. A March 2000 report of the General Accounting Office (GAO) highlighted the pervasive lack of data at the state level available to set water quality standards, to determine what waters are impaired, and to develop TMDLs. This report represents the consensus opinion of the eight-member NRC committee assembled to complete this task. The committee met three times during a three-month period and heard the testimony of over 40 interested organizations and stakeholder groups. The NRC committee feels that the data and science have progressed sufficiently over the past 35 years to support the nation's return to ambient-based water quality management. Given reasonable expectations for data availability and the inevitable limits on our conceptual understanding of complex systems, statements about the science behind water quality management must be made with acknowledgment of uncertainties. This report explains that there are creative ways to accommodate this uncertainty while moving forward in addressing the nation's water quality challenges.
Assessing The Tmdl Approach To Water Quality Management
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Author : Committee to Assess the Scientific Basis of the Total Maximum Daily Load Approach to Water Pollution Reduction
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-08-07
Assessing The Tmdl Approach To Water Quality Management written by Committee to Assess the Scientific Basis of the Total Maximum Daily Load Approach to Water Pollution Reduction and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-08-07 with Political Science categories.
Over the last 30 years, water quality management in the United States has been driven by the control of point sources of pollution and the use of effluent-based water quality standards. Under this paradigm, the quality of the nation's lakes, rivers, reservoirs, groundwater, and coastal waters has generally improved as wastewater treatment plants and industrial dischargers (point sources) have responded to regulations promulgated under authority of the 1972 Clean Water Act. These regulations have required dischargers to comply with effluent-based standards for criteria pollutants, as specified in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued by the states and approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Although successful, the NPDES program has not achieved the nation's water quality goals of "fishable and swimmable" waters largely because discharges from other unregulated nonpoint sources of pollution have not been as successfully controlled. Today, pollutants such as nutrients and sediment, which are often associated with nonpoint sources and were not considered criteria pollutants in the Clean Water Act, are jeopardizing water quality, as are habitat destruction, changes in flow regimes, and introduction of exotic species. This array of challenges has shifted the focus of water quality management from effluent-based to ambient- based water quality standards. Given the most recent lists of impaired waters submitted to EPA, there are about 21,000 polluted river segments, lakes, and estuaries making up over 300,000 river and shore miles and 5 million lake acres. The number of TMDLs required for these impaired waters is greater than 40,000. Under the 1992 EPA guidance or the terms of lawsuit settlements, most states are required to meet an 8- to 13-year deadline for completion of TMDLs. Budget requirements for the program are staggering as well, with most states claiming that they do not have the personnel and financial resources necessary to assess the condition of their waters, to list waters on 303d, and to develop TMDLs. A March 2000 report of the General Accounting Office (GAO) highlighted the pervasive lack of data at the state level available to set water quality standards, to determine what waters are impaired, and to develop TMDLs. This report represents the consensus opinion of the eight-member NRC committee assembled to complete this task. The committee met three times during a three-month period and heard the testimony of over 40 interested organizations and stakeholder groups. The NRC committee feels that the data and science have progressed sufficiently over the past 35 years to support the nation's return to ambient-based water quality management. Given reasonable expectations for data availability and the inevitable limits on our conceptual understanding of complex systems, statements about the science behind water quality management must be made with acknowledgment of uncertainties. This report explains that there are creative ways to accommodate this uncertainty while moving forward in addressing the nation's water quality challenges.
The National Academy Of Sciences National Research Council Report On Assessing The Scientific Basis Of The Total Maximum Daily Load Approach To Water Quality Management
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
The National Academy Of Sciences National Research Council Report On Assessing The Scientific Basis Of The Total Maximum Daily Load Approach To Water Quality Management written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Science categories.
Economics And Ecological Risk Assessment
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Author : Randall J. F. Bruins
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2004-12-28
Economics And Ecological Risk Assessment written by Randall J. F. Bruins and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-12-28 with Science categories.
With contributions from a wide array of economists, ecologists, and government agency professionals, Economics and Ecological Risk Assessment: Applications to Watershed Management provides a multidisciplinary approach to environmental decision-making at a watershed level. It introduces the fields of ecological risk assessment (ERA) and economic ana
Interior Environment And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2009
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Interior Environment And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2009 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with United States categories.
Interior Environment And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2006 Part 3 109 1 Hearings
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Interior Environment And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2006 Part 3 109 1 Hearings written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
108 1 Hearings Departments Of Veterans Affairs And Housing And Urban Development And Independent Agencies Appropriations For 2004 Part 3 April 2 2003
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
108 1 Hearings Departments Of Veterans Affairs And Housing And Urban Development And Independent Agencies Appropriations For 2004 Part 3 April 2 2003 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Departments Of Veterans Affairs And Housing And Urban Development And Independent Agencies Appropriations For 2004
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Departments Of Veterans Affairs And Housing And Urban Development And Independent Agencies Appropriations For 2004 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with United States categories.
Departments Of Veterans Affairs And Housing And Urban Development And Independent Agencies Appropriations For 2005 Environmental Protection Agency Pt 5 American Battlefield Monuments Commission Selective Service System
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Departments Of Veterans Affairs And Housing And Urban Development And Independent Agencies Appropriations For 2005 Environmental Protection Agency Pt 5 American Battlefield Monuments Commission Selective Service System written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Government publications categories.
Departments Of Veterans Affairs And Housing And Urban Development And Independent Agencies Appropriations For 2005
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Departments Of Veterans Affairs And Housing And Urban Development And Independent Agencies Appropriations For 2005 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Political Science categories.