Assessment And Optimisation Of Digital Radiography Systems For Clinical Use
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Assessment And Optimisation Of Digital Radiography Systems For Clinical Use
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Author : Philip Doyle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Assessment And Optimisation Of Digital Radiography Systems For Clinical Use written by Philip Doyle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Digital imaging has long been available in radiology in the form of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound. Initially the transition to general radiography was slow and fragmented but in the last 10-15 years in particular, huge investment by the manufacturers, greater and cheaper computing power, inexpensive digital storage and high bandwidth data transfer networks have lead to an enormous increase in the number of digital radiography systems in the UK. There are a number of competing digital radiography (DR) technologies, the most common are computer radiography (CR) systems followed by indirect digital radiography (IDR) systems. To ensure and maintain diagnostic quality and effectiveness in the radiology department appropriate methods are required to evaluate and optimise the performance of DR systems. Current semi-quantitative test object based methods routinely used to examine DR performance suffer known short comings, mainly due to the subjective nature of the test results and difficulty in maintaining a constant decision threshold among observers with time. Objective image quality based measurements of noise power spectra (NPS) and modulation transfer function (MTF) are the 'gold standard' for assessing image quality. Advantages these metrics afford are due to their objective nature, the comprehensive noise analysis they permit and in the fact that they have been reported to be relatively more sensitive to changes in detector performance. The advent of DR systems and access to digital image data has opened up new opportunities in applying such measurements to routine quality control and this project initially focuses on obtaining NPS and MTF results for 12 IDR systems in routine clinical use. Appropriate automatic exposure control (AEC) device calibration and a reproducible measurement method are key to optimising X-ray equipment for digital radiography. The uses of various parameters to calibrate AEC devices specifically for DR were explored in the next part of the project and calibration methods recommended. Practical advice on dosemeter selection, measurement technique and phantoms were also given. A model was developed as part of the project to simulate CNR to optimise beam quality for chest radiography with an IDR system. The values were simulated for a chest phantom and adjusted to describe the performance of the system by inputting data on phosphor sensitivity, the signal transfer function (STF), the scatter removal method and the automatic exposure control (AEC) responses. The simulated values showed good agreement with empirical data measured from images of the phantom and so provide validation of the calculation methodology. It was then possible to apply the calculation technique to imaging of tissues to investigate optimisation of exposure parameters. The behaviour of a range of imaging phosphors in terms of energy response and variation in CNR with tube potential and various filtration options were investigated. Optimum exposure factors were presented in terms of kV-mAs regulation curves and the large dose savings achieved using additional metal filters were emphasised. Optimum tube potentials for imaging a simulated lesion in patient equivalent thicknesses of water ranging from 5-40 cm thick for example were: 90-110kVp for CsI (IDR); 80-100kVp for Gd2O2S (screen /film); and 65-85kVp for BaFBrI. Plots of CNR values allowed useful conclusions regarding the expected clinical operation of the various DR phosphors. For example 80-90 kVp was appropriate for maintaining image quality over an entire chest radiograph in CR whereas higher tube potentials of 100-110 kVp were indicated for the CsI IDR system. Better image quality is achievable for pelvic radiographs at lower tube potentials for the majority of detectors however, for gadolinium oxysulphide 70-80 kVp gives the best image quality. The relative phosphor sensitivity and energy response with tube potential were also calculated for a range of DR phosphors. Caesium iodide image receptors were significantly more sensitive than the other systems. The percentage relative sensitivities of the image receptors averaged over the diagnostic kV range were used to provide a method of indicating what the likely clinically operational dose levels would be, for example results suggested 1.8 μGy for CsI (IDR); 2.8 μGy for Gd2O2S (Screen/film); and 3.8 μGy for BaFBrI (CR). The efficiency of scatter reduction methods for DR using a range of grids and air gaps were also reviewed. The performance of various scatter reduction methods: 17/70; 15/80; 8/40 Pb grids and 15 cm and 20 cm air gaps were evaluated in terms of the improvement in CNR they afford, using two different models. The first, simpler model assumed quantum noise only and a photon counting detector. The second model incorporated quantum noise and system noise for a specific CsI detector and assumed the detector was energy integrating. Both models allowed the same general conclusions and suggest improved performance for air gaps over grids for medium to low scatter factors and both models suggest the best choice of grid for digital systems is the 15/80 grid, achieving comparable or better performance than air gaps for high scatter factors. The development, analysis and discussion of AEC calibration, CNR value, phosphor energy response, and scatter reduction methods are then brought together to form a practical step by step recipe that may be followed to optimise digital technology for clinical use. Finally, CNR results suggest the addition of 0.2 mm of copper filtration will have a negligible effect on image quality in DR. A comprehensive study examining the effect of copper filtration on image quality was performed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) methodology to include observer performance in the analysis. A total of 3,600 observations from 80 radiographs and 3 observers were analysed to provide a confidence interval of 95% in detecting differences in image quality. There was no statistical difference found when 0.2 mm copper filtration was used and the benefit of the dose saving promote it as a valuable optimisation tool.
World Congress On Medical Physics And Biomedical Engineering September 7 12 2009 Munich Germany
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Author : Olaf Dössel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-01-04
World Congress On Medical Physics And Biomedical Engineering September 7 12 2009 Munich Germany written by Olaf Dössel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Present Your Research to the World! The World Congress 2009 on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering – the triennial scientific meeting of the IUPESM - is the world’s leading forum for presenting the results of current scientific work in health-related physics and technologies to an international audience. With more than 2,800 presentations it will be the biggest conference in the fields of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering in 2009! Medical physics, biomedical engineering and bioengineering have been driving forces of innovation and progress in medicine and healthcare over the past two decades. As new key technologies arise with significant potential to open new options in diagnostics and therapeutics, it is a multidisciplinary task to evaluate their benefit for medicine and healthcare with respect to the quality of performance and therapeutic output. Covering key aspects such as information and communication technologies, micro- and nanosystems, optics and biotechnology, the congress will serve as an inter- and multidisciplinary platform that brings together people from basic research, R&D, industry and medical application to discuss these issues. As a major event for science, medicine and technology the congress provides a comprehensive overview and in–depth, first-hand information on new developments, advanced technologies and current and future applications. With this Final Program we would like to give you an overview of the dimension of the congress and invite you to join us in Munich! Olaf Dössel Congress President Wolfgang C.
Digital Imaging Systems For Plain Radiography
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Author : Luis Lanca
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-10-25
Digital Imaging Systems For Plain Radiography written by Luis Lanca and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-25 with Medical categories.
Advances in digital technology led to the development of digital x-ray detectors that are currently in wide use for projection radiography, including Computed Radiography (CR) and Digital Radiography (DR). Digital Imaging Systems for Plain Radiography addresses the current technological methods available to medical imaging professionals to ensure the optimization of the radiological process concerning image quality and reduction of patient exposure. Based on extensive research by the authors and reference to the current literature, the book addresses how exposure parameters influence the diagnostic quality in digital systems, what the current acceptable radiation doses are for useful diagnostic images, and at what level the dose could be reduced to maintain an accurate diagnosis. The book is a valuable resource for both students learning the field and for imaging professionals to apply to their own practice while performing radiological examinations with digital systems.
General Radiography
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Author : Christopher M. Hayre
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-07-15
General Radiography written by Christopher M. Hayre and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-15 with Medical categories.
With chapters from globally recognized academics, General Radiography shows the multifaceted approach to general radiography and how it enhances healthcare delivery. Potentially influential to how healthcare delivery is offered, it begins with the pertinent chapters examining image acquisition and dose optimization in diagnostic radiography. Next, chapters reflect and critically discuss aspects central to patient care, and imaging within trauma, critical care and pediatric situations. The final section of this book then explores the learning, teaching and education in the field of diagnostic radiography, with novel strategies illustrated.
Optimisation Strategies In Medical X Ray Imaging
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Author : Sören Mattsson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Optimisation Strategies In Medical X Ray Imaging written by Sören Mattsson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Radiography, Medical categories.
Digital Radiography
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Author : Euclid Seeram
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-01-23
Digital Radiography written by Euclid Seeram and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-23 with Medical categories.
This is the second edition of a well-received book that enriches the understanding of radiographers and radiologic technologists across the globe, and is designed to meet the needs of courses (units) on radiographic imaging equipment, procedures, production, and exposure. The book also serves as a supplement for courses that address digital imaging techniques, such as radiologic physics, radiographic equipment and quality control. In a broader sense, the purpose of the book is to meet readers’ needs in connection with the change from film-based imaging to film-less or digital imaging; today, all radiographic imaging worldwide is based on digital imaging technologies. The book covers a wide range of topics to address the needs of members of various professional radiologic technology associations, such as the American Society of Radiologic Technologists, the Canadian Association of Medical Radiation Technologists, the College of Radiographers in the UK, and the Australian and New Zealand Societies for Radiographers.
Dose Optimization In Digital Radiography And Computed Tomography
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Author : Euclid Seeram
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-02-21
Dose Optimization In Digital Radiography And Computed Tomography written by Euclid Seeram and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-21 with Science categories.
This book addresses radiation protection of patients having digital radiography and computed tomography (CT) examinations. The literature on radiation doses to patients from these two modalities have reported that the doses to patients are high. As a result, the radiology community has focused on methods and procedures to keep these doses as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) without compromising the diagnostic image quality. This book outlines the motivation for dose optimization in radiology, identifies and describes the ICRP principle of optimization, outlines the factors affecting the dose in digital radiography and in CT, and identifies and describes strategies used in digital radiography and in CT for dose optimization. This book is intended for all those working in digital radiography and CT environments including radiological technologists, and radiographers, radiologists, biomedical engineering technologists, and student medical physicists. It is best used as a supplement to radiologic science textbooks, and in particular, radiation protection textbooks. Furthermore, this book lays the foundations for students and practitioners engaged in research on dose reduction and dose optimization in radiology. · Provides practical and useful methods for optimization of doses from digital radiography and CT · Describes the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) principle of optimization · Outlines the factors affecting the dose in digital radiography and in computed tomography
Handbook Of X Ray Imaging
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Author : Paolo Russo
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-12-14
Handbook Of X Ray Imaging written by Paolo Russo and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-14 with Medical categories.
Containing chapter contributions from over 130 experts, this unique publication is the first handbook dedicated to the physics and technology of X-ray imaging, offering extensive coverage of the field. This highly comprehensive work is edited by one of the world’s leading experts in X-ray imaging physics and technology and has been created with guidance from a Scientific Board containing respected and renowned scientists from around the world. The book's scope includes 2D and 3D X-ray imaging techniques from soft-X-ray to megavoltage energies, including computed tomography, fluoroscopy, dental imaging and small animal imaging, with several chapters dedicated to breast imaging techniques. 2D and 3D industrial imaging is incorporated, including imaging of artworks. Specific attention is dedicated to techniques of phase contrast X-ray imaging. The approach undertaken is one that illustrates the theory as well as the techniques and the devices routinely used in the various fields. Computational aspects are fully covered, including 3D reconstruction algorithms, hard/software phantoms, and computer-aided diagnosis. Theories of image quality are fully illustrated. Historical, radioprotection, radiation dosimetry, quality assurance and educational aspects are also covered. This handbook will be suitable for a very broad audience, including graduate students in medical physics and biomedical engineering; medical physics residents; radiographers; physicists and engineers in the field of imaging and non-destructive industrial testing using X-rays; and scientists interested in understanding and using X-ray imaging techniques. The handbook's editor, Dr. Paolo Russo, has over 30 years’ experience in the academic teaching of medical physics and X-ray imaging research. He has authored several book chapters in the field of X-ray imaging, is Editor-in-Chief of an international scientific journal in medical physics, and has responsibilities in the publication committees of international scientific organizations in medical physics. Features: Comprehensive coverage of the use of X-rays both in medical radiology and industrial testing The first handbook published to be dedicated to the physics and technology of X-rays Handbook edited by world authority, with contributions from experts in each field
Research Awards Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Research Awards Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Medicine categories.
Digital R Evolution In Radiology
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Author : Walter Hruby
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Digital R Evolution In Radiology written by Walter Hruby and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Medical categories.
Three decades have passed since my first personal experiences, influences and contacts with computer ap plications in the field of medicine. These experiences were influenced by diverse presentations, publications and seminars concerning various applications of information technology as early as in 1970 (Univac Inter national Executive Centre, Rome). The first clinical proposals and discussions during the first "World Congress of Intensive Care Medicine" (London 197 4) strongly impressed me, since they demonstrated that the future of medicine would be changed rapidly by the use of computer technology. In 1975, when I started my radiology residency, my clinical and academic interests were focused on two major topics: (i) interventional radiology and the clinical responsibility of the radiologist for the patient and (ii) the improvement of radiological services for both the clinician and the patient through the use of digital technology. These two topics, firstly interventional radiology and, secondly, computer technology along with all digital techniques developed in respect to examinations and modalities have been the basis for my "per sonal evolution" of medicine, especially of digital radiology.