Assessment Of Energy Efficiency Improvement In The United States Petroleum Refining Industry
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Assessment Of Energy Efficiency Improvement In The United States Petroleum Refining Industry
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Assessment Of Energy Efficiency Improvement In The United States Petroleum Refining Industry written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Adoption of efficient process technologies is an important approach to reducing CO2 emissions, in particular those associated with combustion. In many cases, implementing energy efficiency measures is among the most cost-effective approaches that any refiner can take, improving productivity while reducing emissions. Therefore, careful analysis of the options and costs associated with efficiency measures is required to establish sound carbon policies addressing global climate change, and is the primary focus of LBNL's current petroleum refining sector analysis for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The analysis is aimed at identifying energy efficiency-related measures and developing energy abatement supply curves and CO2 emissions reduction potential for the U.S. refining industry. A refinery model has been developed for this purpose that is a notional aggregation of the U.S. petroleum refining sector. It consists of twelve processing units and account s for the additional energy requirements from steam generation, hydrogen production and water utilities required by each of the twelve processing units. The model is carbon and energy balanced such that crud e oil inputs and major refinery sector outputs (fuels) are benchmarked to 2010 data. Estimates of the current penetration for the identified energy efficiency measures benchmark the energy requirements to those reported in U.S. DOE 2010 data. The remaining energy efficiency potential for each of the measures is estimated and compared to U.S. DOE fuel prices resulting in estimates of cost- effective energy efficiency opportunities for each of the twelve major processes. A combined cost of conserved energy supply curve is also presented along with the CO2 emissions abatement opportunities that exist in the U.S. petroleum refinery sector. Roughly 1,200 PJ per year of primary fuels savings and close to 500 GWh per y ear of electricity savings are potentially cost-effective given U.S. DOE fuel price forecasts. This represents roughly 70 million metric tonnes of CO2 emission reductions assuming 2010 emissions factor for grid electricity. Energy efficiency measures resulting in an additional 400 PJ per year of primary fuels savings and close to 1,700 GWh per year of electricity savings, and an associated 24 million metric tonnes of CO2 emission reductions are not cost-effective given the same assumption with respect to fuel prices and electricity emissions factors. Compared to the modeled energy requirements for the U.S. petroleum refining sector, the cost effective potential represents a 40% reduction in fuel consumption and a 2% reduction in electricity consumption. The non-cost-effective potential represents an additional 13% reduction in fuel consumption and an additional 7% reduction in electricity consumption. The relative energy reduction potentials are mu ch higher for fuel consumption than electricity consumption largely in part because fuel is the primary energy consumption type in the refineries. Moreover, many cost effective fuel savings measures would increase electricity consumption. The model also has the potential to be used to examine the costs and benefits of the other CO2 mitigation options, such as combined heat and power (CHP), carbon capture, and the potential introduction of biomass feedstocks. However, these options are not addressed in this report as this report is focused on developing the modeling methodology and assessing fuels savings measures. These opportunities to further reduce refinery sector CO2 emissions and are recommended for further research and analysis.
Energy Efficiency Improvement And Cost Saving Opportunities Forpetroleum Refineries
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Author : Ernst Worrell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Energy Efficiency Improvement And Cost Saving Opportunities Forpetroleum Refineries written by Ernst Worrell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
The petroleum refining industry in the United States is the largest in the world, providing inputs to virtually any economic sector, including the transport sector and the chemical industry. The industry operates 146 refineries (as of January 2004) around the country, employing over 65,000 employees. The refining industry produces a mix of products with a total value exceeding $151 billion. Refineries spend typically 50 percent of cash operating costs (i.e., excluding capital costs and depreciation) on energy, making energy a major cost factor and also an important opportunity for cost reduction. Energy use is also a major source of emissions in the refinery industry making energy efficiency improvement an attractive opportunity to reduce emissions and operating costs. Voluntary government programs aim to assist industry to improve competitiveness through increased energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. ENERGY STAR (R), a voluntary program managed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, stresses the need for strong and strategic corporate energy management programs. ENERGY STAR provides energy management tools and strategies for successful corporate energy management programs. This Energy Guide describes research conducted to support ENERGY STAR and its work with the petroleum refining industry. This research provides information on potential energy efficiency opportunities for petroleum refineries. This Energy Guide introduces energy efficiency opportunities available for petroleum refineries. It begins with descriptions of the trends, structure, and production of the refining industry and the energy used in the refining and conversion processes. Specific energy savings for each energy efficiency measure based on case studies of plants and references to technical literature are provided. If available, typical payback periods are also listed. The Energy Guide draws upon the experiences with energy efficiency measures of petroleum refineries worldwide. The findings suggest that given available resources and technology, there are opportunities to reduce energy consumption cost-effectively in the petroleum refining industry while maintaining the quality of the products manufactured. Further research on the economics of the measures, as well as the applicability of these to individual refineries, is needed to assess the feasibility of implementation of selected technologies at individual plants.
Industrial Energy Use
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Author : United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Industrial Energy Use written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Energy policy categories.
Annual Report
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Author : United States Department of Energy. Division of Industrial Energy Conservation
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Annual Report written by United States Department of Energy. Division of Industrial Energy Conservation and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with categories.
Energy Efficiency Improvement In The Petroleum Refining Industry
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Author : Ernst Worrell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Energy Efficiency Improvement In The Petroleum Refining Industry written by Ernst Worrell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Information has proven to be an important barrier in industrial energy efficiency improvement. Voluntary government programs aim to assist industry to improve energy efficiency by supplying information on opportunities. ENERGY STAR(R) supports the development of strong strategic corporate energy management programs, by providing energy management information tools and strategies. This paper summarizes ENERGY STAR research conducted to develop an Energy Guide for the Petroleum Refining industry. Petroleum refining in the United States is the largest in the world, providing inputs to virtually every economic sector, including the transport sector and the chemical industry. Refineries spend typically 50 percent of the cash operating costs (e.g., excluding capital costs and depreciation) on energy, making energy a major cost factor and also an important opportunity for cost reduction. The petroleum refining industry consumes about 3.1 Quads of primary energy, making it the single largest industrial energy user in the UnitedStates. Typically, refineries can economically improve energy efficiencyby 20 percent. The findings suggest that given available resources and technology, there are substantial opportunities to reduce energy consumption cost-effectively in the petroleum refining industry while maintaining the quality of the products manufactured.
Industrial Energy Efficiency
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1993
Industrial Energy Efficiency written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
Real Prospects For Energy Efficiency In The United States
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2010-06-10
Real Prospects For Energy Efficiency In The United States written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-10 with Science categories.
America's economy and lifestyles have been shaped by the low prices and availability of energy. In the last decade, however, the prices of oil, natural gas, and coal have increased dramatically, leaving consumers and the industrial and service sectors looking for ways to reduce energy use. To achieve greater energy efficiency, we need technology, more informed consumers and producers, and investments in more energy-efficient industrial processes, businesses, residences, and transportation. As part of the America's Energy Future project, Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States examines the potential for reducing energy demand through improving efficiency by using existing technologies, technologies developed but not yet utilized widely, and prospective technologies. The book evaluates technologies based on their estimated times to initial commercial deployment, and provides an analysis of costs, barriers, and research needs. This quantitative characterization of technologies will guide policy makers toward planning the future of energy use in America. This book will also have much to offer to industry leaders, investors, environmentalists, and others looking for a practical diagnosis of energy efficiency possibilities.
Industrial Energy Use
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Industrial Energy Use written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.
The Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement Program
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Author : United States. Department of Energy. Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy. Office of Industrial Programs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
The Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement Program written by United States. Department of Energy. Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy. Office of Industrial Programs and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Energy conservation categories.
A Comparative Assessment Of Resource Efficiency In Petroleum Refining
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
A Comparative Assessment Of Resource Efficiency In Petroleum Refining written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Because of increasing environmental and energy security concerns, a detailed understanding of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the petroleum refining industry is critical for fair and equitable energy and environmental policies. To date, this has proved challenging due in part to the complex nature and variability within refineries. In an effort to simplify energy and emissions refinery analysis, we delineated LP modeling results from 60 large refineries from the US and EU into broad categories based on crude density (API gravity) and heavy product (HP) yields. Product-specific efficiencies and process fuel shares derived from this study were incorporated in Argonne National Laboratory's GREET life-cycle model, along with regional upstream GHG intensities of crude, natural gas and electricity specific to the US and EU regions. The modeling results suggest that refineries that process relatively heavier crude inputs and have lower yields of HPs generally have lower energy efficiencies and higher GHG emissions than refineries that run lighter crudes with lower yields of HPs. The former types of refineries tend to utilize energy-intensive units which are significant consumers of utilities (heat and electricity) and hydrogen. Among the three groups of refineries studied, the major difference in the energy intensities is due to the amount of purchased natural gas for utilities and hydrogen, while the sum of refinery feed inputs are generally constant. These results highlight the GHG emissions cost a refiner pays to process deep into the barrel to produce more of the desirable fuels with low carbon to hydrogen ratio.