Assimilation Or Replacement A Study About Neanderthals And Modern Humans
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Assimilation Or Replacement A Study About Neanderthals And Modern Humans
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Author : Christian Schäfer
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2009-08
Assimilation Or Replacement A Study About Neanderthals And Modern Humans written by Christian Schäfer and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08 with categories.
Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Biology - Evolution, grade: A (very good), Umea University (Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences), course: Evolutionary Ecology, 14 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The Neanderthals lived in Europe and the Near East for at least 250,000 years and they outdared several climate changes. They were capable of surviving in a harsh, cold environment and were well adapted to it - cultural and morphological. Thus, the Neanderthals have been proven to be a successful human kind. But why then did they disappear so quickly and without a trace just between 40,000 and 28,000 yr BP (= years before present) [8]? One possible answer is that modern humans starting to invade the Near East and Europe out of Africa 45,000 to 40,000 yr BP have outcompeted them, due to higher cultural and mental abilities, using the resources in a more efficient way than the Neanderthals. But is this really true? Have modern humans really had higher abilities? Did they admix with the local Neanderthal populations, integrating the native genes in their gene pool? Or did modern humans not interbreed with them? And - the big question: were Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans distinct species or just local variants of the same species? To bring more light into this scenario, these questions will be answered in the following chapters using genetic, morphological and simulation-data that has been brought up by several researchers over the last years. Answering these fundamental questions also lies in the range of basic needs of human mind: we all want to know where we come from, who was our ancestor and who was it not. To realize which strange ways evolution sometimes takes and to determine what really happened is for sure an exciting thing, and that is exactly what researchers do when they trace human evolution back to the point when Neanderthals and modern humans met in Europe during the last ice age. Only one of them shoul
Dynamics Of Learning In Neanderthals And Modern Humans Volume 1
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Author : Takeru Akazawa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-12-16
Dynamics Of Learning In Neanderthals And Modern Humans Volume 1 written by Takeru Akazawa and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-16 with Social Science categories.
This volume presents the first of two proceedings from the International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans, which took place in Tokyo in November 2012. Focussing on a highly innovative working hypothesis called the ‘learning hypothesis’, which attempts to explain the replacement as a result of differences in the learning abilities of these two hominid populations, the conference served as the latest multidisciplinary discussion forum on this intriguing Palaeoanthropological issue. The present volume reports on outcomes of the conference in three major sections. Part 1 provides an archaeological overview of the processes of replacement/assimilation of Neanderthals by modern humans. Part 2 consists of archaeological and ethnographic case studies exploring evidence of learning behaviours in prehistoric and modern hunter-gatherer societies. Part 3 presents a collection of papers that directly contributes to the definition, validation and testing of the learning hypothesis in terms of population biology and evolutionary theory. A total of 18 papers in this volume make available to readers unique cultural perspectives on mechanisms of the replacement/assimilation of Neanderthals by modern humans and suggested relationships between these mechanisms and different learning strategies.
Dynamics Of Learning In Neanderthals And Modern Humans Volume 2
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Author : Takeru Akazawa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-01-27
Dynamics Of Learning In Neanderthals And Modern Humans Volume 2 written by Takeru Akazawa and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-27 with Social Science categories.
This volume is the second of two volumes of proceedings from the International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans, which took place in Tokyo in November 2012. This second volume reports, in four major sections, findings by cultural anthropologists, physical anthropologists, engineering scientists and neurophysiologists, integrated in multidisciplinary fashion to solidify the overall understanding of the mechanics of replacement from cognitive and physical perspectives. Part 1 provides examinations of replacement related questions from various perspectives in cognition and psychology. Part 2, consisting of studies rooted in body science and genetics, provides detailed findings which fill in the broader frame of the replacement phenomenon. Part 3 presents a collection of papers whose findings about fossil crania and brain morphology shed direct light on immediate questions regarding replacement. Part 4 provides illuminations similar to those in part 3, but arising from the analytical empowerment afforded by neuroscience. The collection of 26 papers in this volume makes available to readers both broad and narrow insights on the mechanisms of the replacement/assimilation of Neanderthals by modern humans and at the same time provides a model of new-paradigm multidisciplinary collaboration on a complex problem.
A Morphometric Investigation Into The Origin S Of Anatomically Modern Humans
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Author : Phillip J. Habgood
language : en
Publisher: British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited
Release Date : 2003
A Morphometric Investigation Into The Origin S Of Anatomically Modern Humans written by Phillip J. Habgood and has been published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Science categories.
Drawing on archaeological and skeletal evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, Western Asia, Europe, Australasia and East Asia in turn, this revised thesis compares anatomical evidence across continents to determine the location of modern man's origins and so contribute to the great `Replacement vs. Multiregional' origins debate. The study argues that the evidence indicates two centres of origin, in Africa and Western Asia and in Australasia and East Asia but there would have been genetic interflows between the two. Modern man migrated to Europe where there was a process of `assimilation and replacement' of the local Neanderthal populations. This is largely a technical study, combining morphometric study of hominids from numerous sites with the presentation and assessment of claims made by palaeontologists and archaeologists over the last fifty years.
The Origin Of Our Species
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Author : Chris Stringer
language : en
Publisher: Penguin UK
Release Date : 2011-06-30
The Origin Of Our Species written by Chris Stringer and has been published by Penguin UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-30 with Social Science categories.
In this ground-breaking book Chris Stringer sets out to answer all the big questions in the debate about our origins. How can we define modern humans, and how can we recognise our beginnings in the fossil and archaeological record? How can we accurately date fossils, including ones beyond the range of radiocarbon dating? What do the genetic data really tell us? Were our origins solely in Africa? Are modern humans a distinct species from ancient people such as the Neanderthals? And what contact did our ancestors have with them? How can we recognise modern humans behaviourally, and were traits such as complex language and art unique to modern humans? What forces shaped the origins of modern humans - were they climatic, dietary, social, or even volcanic? What drove the dispersals of modern humans from Africa, and how did our species spread over the globe? How did regional features evolve, and how significant are they? What exactly was the 'Hobbit' of the island of Flores, and how was it related to us? Has human evolution stopped, or are we still evolving? What can we expect from future research on our origins? This book will make every reader think about what it means to be human.
Neanderthals Revisited
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Author : Katerina Harvati
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-03-14
Neanderthals Revisited written by Katerina Harvati and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03-14 with Social Science categories.
This volume presents the cutting-edge research of leading scientists, re-examining the major debates in Neanderthal research with the use of innovative methods and exciting new theoretical approaches. Coverage includes the re-evaluation of Neanderthal anatomy, inferred adaptations and habitual activities, developmental patterns, phylogenetic relationships, and the Neanderthal extinction; new methods include computer tomography, 3D geometric morphometrics, ancient DNA and bioenergetics. The book offers fresh insight into both Neanderthals and modern humans.
African Genesis
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Author : Sally C. Reynolds
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-03-29
African Genesis written by Sally C. Reynolds and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-29 with Science categories.
This book reviews key themes and developments in palaeoanthropology, exploring their impact on our understanding of human origins in Africa.
Handbook Of Paleoanthropology
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Author : Winfried Henke
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-05-10
Handbook Of Paleoanthropology written by Winfried Henke and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-10 with Science categories.
This 3-volume handbook brings together contributions by the world ́s leading specialists that reflect the broad spectrum of modern palaeoanthropology, thus presenting an indispensable resource for professionals and students alike. Vol. 1 reviews principles, methods, and approaches, recounting recent advances and state-of-the-art knowledge in phylogenetic analysis, palaeoecology and evolutionary theory and philosophy. Vol. 2 examines primate origins, evolution, behaviour, and adaptive variety, emphasizing integration of fossil data with contemporary knowledge of the behaviour and ecology of living primates in natural environments. Vol. 3 deals with fossil and molecular evidence for the evolution of Homo sapiens and its fossil relatives.
The Origins Of Modern Humans
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Author : Fred H. Smith
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-07-09
The Origins Of Modern Humans written by Fred H. Smith and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-09 with Science categories.
This update to the award-winning The Origins of Modern Humans: A World Survey of the Fossil Evidence covers the most accepted common theories concerning the emergence of modern Homo sapiens adding fresh insight from top young scholars on the key new discoveries of the past 25 years. The Origins of Modern Humans: Biology Reconsidered allows field leaders to discuss and assess the assemblage of hominid fossil material in each region of the world during the Pleistocene epoch. It features new fossil and molecular evidence, such as the evolutionary inferences drawn from assessments of modern humans and large segments of the Neandertal genome. It also addresses the impact of digital imagery and the more sophisticated morphometrics that have entered the analytical fray since 1984. Beginning with a thoughtful introduction by the authors on modern human origins, the book offers such insightful chapter contributions as: Africa: The Cradle of Modern People Crossroads of the Old World: Late Hominin Evolution in Western Asia A River Runs through It: Modern Human Origins in East Asia Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Australians Modern Human Origins in Central Europe The Makers of the Early Upper Paleolithic in Western Eurasia Neandertal Craniofacial Growth and Development and Its Relevance for Modern Human Origins Energetics and the Origin of Modern Humans Understanding Human Cranial Variation in Light of Modern Human Origins The Relevance of Archaic Genomes to Modern Human Origins The Process of Modern Human Origins: The Evolutionary and Demographic Changes Giving Rise to Modern Humans The Paleobiology of Modern Human Emergence Elegant and thought provoking, The Origins of Modern Humans: Biology Reconsidered is an ideal read for students, grad students, and professionals in human evolution and paleoanthropology.
The Oxford Handbook Of The Archaeology And Anthropology Of Hunter Gatherers
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Author : Vicki Cummings
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-04-24
The Oxford Handbook Of The Archaeology And Anthropology Of Hunter Gatherers written by Vicki Cummings and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-24 with Social Science categories.
For more than a century, the study of hunting and gathering societies has been central to the development of both archaeology and anthropology as academic disciplines, and has also generated widespread public interest and debate. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers provides a comprehensive review of hunter-gatherer studies to date, including critical engagements with older debates, new theoretical perspectives, and renewed obligations for greater engagement between researchers and indigenous communities. Chapters provide in-depth archaeological, historical, and anthropological case-studies, and examine far-reaching questions about human social relations, attitudes to technology, ecology, and management of resources and the environment, as well as issues of diet, health, and gender relations - all central topics in hunter-gatherer research, but also themes that have great relevance for modern global society and its future challenges. The Handbook also provides a strategic vision for how the integration of new methods, approaches, and study regions can ensure that future research into the archaeology and anthropology of hunter-gatherers will continue to deliver penetrating insights into the factors that underlie all human diversity.