Astronomy And Mathematics In Ancient China
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Astronomy And Mathematics In Ancient China
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Author : Christopher Cullen
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2007-01-18
Astronomy And Mathematics In Ancient China written by Christopher Cullen and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This is a study and translation of the Zhou bi suan jing, a Chinese work on astronomy and mathematics that reached its final form around the first century AD. The author provides the first easily accessible introduction to the developing mathematical and observational practices of ancient Chinese astronomers and shows how the generation and validation of knowledge about the heavens in Han dynasty China related closely to developments in statecraft and politics. This book will be fascinating reading for scholars in the history of science, Chinese history, and astronomy.
Science And Civilisation In China Volume 3 Mathematics And The Sciences Of The Heavens And The Earth
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Author : Joseph Needham
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1959
Science And Civilisation In China Volume 3 Mathematics And The Sciences Of The Heavens And The Earth written by Joseph Needham and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1959 with History categories.
After two volumes mainly introductory, Dr Needham now embarks upon his systematic study of the development of the natural sciences in China. The Sciences of the Earth follow: geography and cartography, geology, seismology and mineralogy. Dr Needham distinguishes parallel traditions of scientific cartography and religious cosmography in East and West, discussing orbocentric wheel-maps, the origins of the rectangular grid system, sailing charts and relief maps, Chinese survey methods, and the impact of Renaissance cartography on the East. Finally-and here Dr Needham's work has no Western predecessors-there are full accounts of the Chinese contribution to geology and mineralogy.
A History Of Chinese Mathematics
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Author : Jean-Claude Martzloff
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2007-08-17
A History Of Chinese Mathematics written by Jean-Claude Martzloff and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-17 with Mathematics categories.
This book is made up of two parts, the first devoted to general, historical and cultural background, and the second to the development of each subdiscipline that together comprise Chinese mathematics. The book is uniquely accessible, both as a topical reference work, and also as an overview that can be read and reread at many levels of sophistication by both sinologists and mathematicians alike.
The Sea Island Mathematical Manual Surveying And Mathematics In Ancient China
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Penn State Press
Release Date : 1992
The Sea Island Mathematical Manual Surveying And Mathematics In Ancient China written by and has been published by Penn State Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Mathematics, Chinese categories.
An annotated translation and analysis of the Haidao Suanjing, a Chinese mathematical classic composed by Liu Hui in A.D. 263. All ancient societies practiced the art of land surveying. In fact, tradition tells us that geometry--land measure--had its origins in such surveying. However, an examination of early Western literature reveals few records concerning the practical uses of geometry and mathematics in the tasks of surveying. Recent research into the content and origins of early Chinese mathematics is beginning to reveal the existence of strong traditions and interest in the methodologies and applications of land survey. It is from these Chinese sources that a clearer picture of how people adapted mathematics and geometry to the needs of surveying emerges. The Haidao Suanjing, or Sea Island Mathematical Manual, is one of the "Ten Classics" of traditional Chinese mathematics, and its contents demonstrate the high standards of theoretical and mathematical sophistication present in early Chinese surveying theory. The Haidao established the mathematical procedures for much of East Asian surveying activity for the next one thousand years. The contents of the Haidao also testify to the ability of the Chinese to systematize mathematics and hint at the use of proof in Chinese mathematics, a concept usually associated with Greek mathematical thought. Frank Swetz provides an analysis of the Haidao's surveying problems. In particular, he details surveying techniques and undertakes a mathematical exposition of the Chinese chong cha solution procedures. The Haidao is a testimony to the ingenuity and skill of China's early surveyors and its author, Liu Hui. This study complements and extends the findings of Swetz's previous book, Was Pythagoras Chinese? An Examination of Right Triangle Theory in Ancient China
The Foundations Of Celestial Reckoning
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Scientific Writings from the Ancient and Medieval World
Release Date : 2019-12-12
The Foundations Of Celestial Reckoning written by and has been published by Scientific Writings from the Ancient and Medieval World this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-12 with categories.
The Foundations of Celestial Reckoning gives the reader direct access to the foundational documents of the tradition of calculation created by astronomers of the early Chinese empire between the late second century BCE and the third century CE. The paradigm they established was to shape East Asian thought and practice in the field of mathematical astronomy for centuries to come. It was in many ways radically different from better known traditions of astronomy in other parts of the ancient world. This book includes full English translations of the first three systems of mathematical astronomy adopted for use by imperial astronomical officials, together with introductory material explaining the origin and nature of each system, and a general introduction to the work as a whole. The translations, which are accompanied by the original Chinese text, give a consistent rendering of all technical terms, and include detailed explanatory notes. The text in which the second of the three systems is found also includes a unique collection of documents compiled around 178 CE by two experts in the field, one of whom was the author of the third system translated in this book. Using material transcribed from government archives of the two preceding centuries, these scholars carefully document and review controversies and large-scale official debates on astronomical matters up to their own time. Nothing equivalent in detail and clarity has survived from any other ancient culture. The availability of the totality of this material in English opens new perspectives to all historians of pre-modern astronomy.
A History Of Chinese Science And Technology
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Author : Yongxiang Lu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-14
A History Of Chinese Science And Technology written by Yongxiang Lu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-14 with Science categories.
A History of Chinese Science and Technology (Volumes 1, 2 & 3) presents 44 individual lectures, beginning with Ancient Chinese Science and Technology in the Process of Human Civilizations and an Overview of Chinese Science and Technology, and continuing with in-depth discussions of several issues in the History of Science and the Needham Puzzle, interspersed with topics on Astronomy, Arithmetic, Agriculture and Medicine, The Four Great Inventions, and various technological areas closely related to clothing, food, shelter and transportation. This book is the most authoritative work on the history of Chinese Science and Technology. It is the Winner of the China Book Award, the Shanghai Book Award (1st prize), and the Classical China International Publishing Project (GAPP, General Administration of Press and Publication of China) and offers an essential resource for academic researchers and non-experts alike. It originated with a series of 44 lectures presented to top Chinese leaders, which received very positive feedback. Written by top Chinese scholars in their respective fields from the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and many other respected Chinese organizations, the book is intended for scientists, researchers and postgraduate students working in the history of science, philosophy of science and technology, and related disciplines. Yongxiang Lu is a professor, former president and member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), and Vice Chairman of the National Congress of China.
Fleeting Footsteps
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Author : Lay Yong Lam
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2004
Fleeting Footsteps written by Lay Yong Lam and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Mathematics categories.
The Hindu-Arabic numeral system (1, 2, 3, ...) is one of mankind's greatest achievements and one of its most commonly used inventions. How did it originate? Those who have written about the numeral system have hypothesized that it originated in India; however, there is little evidence to support this claim. This book provides considerable evidence to show that the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, despite its commonly accepted name, has its origins in the Chinese rod numeral system. This system was widely used in China from antiquity till the 16th century. It was used by officials, astronomers, traders and others to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other arithmetic operations, and also used by mathematicians to develop arithmetic and algebra. Based on this system, numerous mathematical treatises were written. Sun Zi suanjing (The Mathematical Classic of Sun Zi), written around 400 A.D., is the earliest existing work to have a description of the rod numerals and their operations. With this treatise as a central reference, the first part of the book discusses the development of arithmetic and the beginnings of algebra in ancient China and, on the basis of this knowledge, advances the thesis that the Hindu-Arabic numeral system has its origins in the rod numeral system. Part Two gives a complete translation of Sun Zi suanjing. In this revised edition, Lam Lay Yong has included an edited text of her plenary lecture entitled "Ancient Chinese Mathematics and Its Influence on World Mathematics", which was delivered at the International Congress of Mathematicians, Beijing 2002, after she received the prestigious Kenneth O. May Medal conferred by the International Commission on the History of Mathematics. This should serve as a useful and easy-to-comprehend introduction to the book.
Granting The Seasons
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Author : Nathan Sivin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-12-19
Granting The Seasons written by Nathan Sivin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-19 with Mathematics categories.
China’s most sophisticated system of computational astronomy was created for a Mongol emperor who could neither read nor write Chinese, to celebrate victory over China after forty years of devastating war. This book explains how and why, and reconstructs the observatory and the science that made it possible. For two thousand years, a fundamental ritual of government was the emperor’s “granting the seasons” to his people at the New Year by issuing an almanac containing an accurate lunisolar calendar. The high point of this tradition was the “Season-granting system” (Shou-shih li, 1280). Its treatise records detailed instructions for computing eclipses of the sun and moon and motions of the planets, based on a rich archive of observations, some ancient and some new. Sivin, the West’s leading scholar of the Chinese sciences, not only recreates the project’s cultural, political, bureaucratic, and personal dimensions, but translates the extensive treatise and explains every procedure in minimally technical language. The book contains many tables, illustrations, and aids to reference. It is clearly written for anyone who wants to understand the fundamental role of science in Chinese history. There is no comparable study of state science in any other early civilization.
Heavenly Numbers
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Author : Christopher Cullen
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-12-01
Heavenly Numbers written by Christopher Cullen and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-01 with Mathematics categories.
This book is a history of the development of mathematical astronomy in China, from the late third century BCE, to the early 3rd century CE - a period often referred to as 'early imperial China'. It narrates the changes in ways of understanding the movements of the heavens and the heavenly bodies that took place during those four and a half centuries, and tells the stories of the institutions and individuals involved in those changes. It gives clear explanations of technical practice in observation, instrumentation, and calculation, and the steady accumulation of data over many years - but it centres on the activity of the individual human beings who observed the heavens, recorded what they saw, and made calculations to analyse and eventually make predictions about the motions of the celestial bodies. It is these individuals, their observations, their calculations, and the words they left to us that provide the narrative thread that runs through this work. Throughout the book, the author gives clear translations of original material that allow the reader direct access to what the people in this book said about themselves and what they tried to do.
Science In Ancient China
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Author : Nathan Sivin
language : en
Publisher: Variorum Publishing
Release Date : 1995
Science In Ancient China written by Nathan Sivin and has been published by Variorum Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Science categories.
A collection of essays which presents insights into the Chinese scientific tradition and its interaction with Western science. An introductory overview and biographical assessments of Shen Kua and Wang Hsi-shan are included in the discussion.