Atmospheric Measurements And Degradation Mechanisms Of A Number Of Volatile Organic Compounds
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Atmospheric Measurements And Degradation Mechanisms Of A Number Of Volatile Organic Compounds
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Author : Yujie Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Atmospheric Measurements And Degradation Mechanisms Of A Number Of Volatile Organic Compounds written by Yujie Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Carbonyls and BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes) represent an important class of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in the atmosphere. They are emitted into the atmosphere through anthropogenic and biogenic sources. Their atmospheric degradation leads to the formation of ozone, photooxidants and organic aerosols affecting the air quality at the local and regional scales and human health. It is, hence, of importance to measure their atmospheric concentrations and investigate their fate. In the present thesis, we have conducted a systematic measurement study of carbonyls and BTEX in Beijing during the period of Jul 2008-Aug 2010 in order to evaluate their ambient levels, possible sources and the influence of characteristic weather conditions. In a separate work, we performed a series of experimental studies on the OH-initiated oxidation of isopropyl formate, isobutyl formate, and n-propyl isobutyrate using the ICARE-CNRS (Orleans) simulation chamber from which we derived the product yields. The data obtained are presented and discussed.
Volatile Organic Compounds In The Atmosphere
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Author : Ralf Koppmann
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-04-15
Volatile Organic Compounds In The Atmosphere written by Ralf Koppmann and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-15 with Science categories.
Every day, large quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The formation of gaseous and particulate secondary products caused by oxidation of VOCs is one of the largest unknowns in the quantitative prediction of the earth’s climate on a regional and global scale, and on the understanding of local air quality. To be able to model and control their impact, it is essential to understand the sources of VOCs, their distribution in the atmosphere and the chemical transformations which remove these compounds from the atmosphere. In recent years techniques for the analysis of organic compounds in the atmosphere have been developed to increase the spectrum of detectable compounds and their detection limits. New methods have been introduced to increase the time resolution of those measurements and to resolve more complex mixtures of organic compounds. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere describes the current state of knowledge of the chemistry of VOCs as well as the methods and techniques to analyse gaseous and particulate organic compounds in the atmosphere. The aim is to provide an authoritative review to address the needs of both graduate students and active researchers in the field of atmospheric chemistry research.
Mechanisms Of Atmospheric Oxidation Of The Oxygenates
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Author : Jack Calvert
language : en
Publisher: OUP USA
Release Date : 2011-09-29
Mechanisms Of Atmospheric Oxidation Of The Oxygenates written by Jack Calvert and has been published by OUP USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-29 with Science categories.
Prepared by an international team of eminent atmospheric scientists, Mechanisms of Atmospheric Oxidation of the Oxygenates is an authoritative source of information on the role of oxygenates in the chemistry of the atmosphere. The oxygenates, including the many different alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, and nitrogen-atom containing oxygenates, are of special interest today due to their increased use as alternative fuels and fuel additives. This book describes the physical properties of oxygenates, as well as the chemical and photochemical parameters that determine their reaction pathways in the atmosphere. Quantitative descriptions of the pathways of the oxygenates from release or formation in the atmosphere to final products are provided, as is a comprehensive review and evaluation of the extensive kinetic literature on the atmospheric chemistry of the different oxygenates and their many halogen-atom substituted analogues. This book will be of interest to modelers of atmospheric chemistry, environmental scientists and engineers, and air quality planning agencies as a useful input for development of realistic modules designed to simulate the atmospheric chemistry of the oxygenates, their major oxidation products, and their influence on ozone and other trace gases within the troposhere.
Oxidant Particle And Photochemical Processes In The Atmosphere Above A Southeast Asian Rain Forest
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Author : Simon Malpass
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Oxidant Particle And Photochemical Processes In The Atmosphere Above A Southeast Asian Rain Forest written by Simon Malpass and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
A major source of radical species in the atmosphere is through the oxidation reactions of biogenic volatile organic compounds that are emitted from vegetation. Tropical rainforests are responsible for over half of such biogenic species that are emitted into the atmosphere and the local, regional and global impacts of their subsequent oxidation mechanisms are currently not well understood. Further, with tropical forests being removed to make way for new land uses (such as oil palm plantations), the subsequent change in the quantity and type of biogenic emissions into the atmosphere could have far-reaching impacts. The Oxidant, Particle and Photochemical Processes (OP3) field campaign conducted at Bukit Atur in Malaysian Borneo in 2008, aimed to address some of the uncertainties that currently exist surrounding the impact of forested regions on atmospheric chemistry. In particular, this project aims to predict the concentrations of OH, HO2 and RO2 radicals at Bukit Atur in Borneo during April and July of 2008, using a near-explicit photochemical box model with 15,000 reactions and 7,200 species. The model is constrained using observations made during the two experimental campaigns, and used to compare with radical measurements. In agreement with previous studies involving tropical forests, it was found that the standard model based on the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.1) underestimates the observed concentrations of OH by a factor of 0.5 on average and overestimates HO2 concentrations by a factor of 2. The results for RO2 were mixed with some days over-predicted and some under-predicted. The implementation of some new theoretically derived reaction pathways without the isoprene degradation scheme improved the predicted OH concentration (modelled:measured ratio improved to 0.3), but did not improve the HO2 estimation (modelled: measured ratio changed to 2.5). It was found that the modelled: measured discrepancy was better on days when the VOC:NOX ratio was lower, suggesting that even with the updated isoprene scheme, days with high biogenic concentrations are not well represented in the model. A rate of production analysis also confirmed that days where modelled OH agreed best with measurements were dominated more by NOX reactions, and less by for instance, Criegee biradical reactions, the latter an indication of biogenic influence. It seems likely from the results from this study (and others) that the suggested alterations to the isoprene chemistry scheme are incomplete, as they do not completely remove the model discrepancy in the predicted OH and HO2 concentrations. This work provides a useful contribution to the understanding of radical species production in tropical forests and provides more data in this area of research. However, this project also identifies that more research is required, particularly in the elucidation of isoprene degradation in the atmosphere, but also with issues such as the dry deposition rates of key intermediates in the model mechanism.
Formation Mechanism And Control Strategies Of Haze In China
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Author : Hong He
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-01-01
Formation Mechanism And Control Strategies Of Haze In China written by Hong He and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-01 with Science categories.
This book summarizes the new major research findings about formation mechanism and control strategies of haze in China, including basic theories, key technologies, equipment and platforms and the applications and implementations of control technologies, in implementing the Strategic Priority Research Program (Class B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Different types of air pollution processes experienced by the developed countries in different stages are out-breaking simultaneously in China in the recent years and resulting a new type of “haze chemistry smog” pollution, which is different from the “London smog” and the “Los Angeles photochemical smog”. This book provides a useful reference for related researchers, engineers and policy-makers engaged in atmospheric pollution research, prevention and control in China and other countries.
Analytical Techniques For Atmospheric Measurement
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Author : Dwayne Heard
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-04-15
Analytical Techniques For Atmospheric Measurement written by Dwayne Heard and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-15 with Science categories.
Almost all of the breakthroughs in understanding the atmospherehave been initiated by field observations, using a range ofinstrumental techniques. Developing or deploying instruments tomake further observations demands a thorough understanding of thechemical and spectroscopic principles on which such measurementsdepend. Written as an authoritative guide to the techniques of instrumentalmeasurement for the atmospheric scientist, research student orundergraduate, Analytical Techniques for Atmospheric Measurementfocuses on the instruments used to make real time measurements ofatmospheric gas and aerosol composition. Topics covered include howthey work, their strengths and weaknesses for a particular task,the platforms on which they have been deployed and how they arecalibrated. It explains the fundamental principles upon which theinstrumental techniques are based (ie what property of a moleculecan be exploited to enable its detection), what limits instrumentalsensitivity and accuracy, and the information that can be gainedfrom their use.
Regional Climate Variability And Its Impacts In The Mediterranean Area
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Author : A. Mellouki
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-10
Regional Climate Variability And Its Impacts In The Mediterranean Area written by A. Mellouki and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10 with Nature categories.
This book details the findings and suggestions from a NATO workshop that examined regional climate variability and its impacts in the Mediterranean area, which was held in Marrakech, Morocco, November 2006. This NATO workshop was set up to discuss the issues facing the region in general and the influence of chemical emissions and transformation in particular.
Acid Precipitation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Acid Precipitation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with categories.
Risk Assessment Of Urban Air
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Risk Assessment Of Urban Air written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Air categories.
Encyclopedia Of Analytical Science
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-04-02
Encyclopedia Of Analytical Science written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-02 with Science categories.
The third edition of the Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Ten Volume Set is a definitive collection of articles covering the latest technologies in application areas such as medicine, environmental science, food science and geology. Meticulously organized, clearly written and fully interdisciplinary, the Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Ten Volume Set provides foundational knowledge across the scope of modern analytical chemistry, linking fundamental topics with the latest methodologies. Articles will cover three broad areas: analytical techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, atomic spectrometry); areas of application (e.g., forensic, environmental and clinical); and analytes (e.g., arsenic, nucleic acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), providing a one-stop resource for analytical scientists. Offers readers a one-stop resource with access to information across the entire scope of modern analytical science Presents articles split into three broad areas: analytical techniques, areas of application and and analytes, creating an ideal resource for students, researchers and professionals Provides concise and accessible information that is ideal for non-specialists and readers from undergraduate levels and higher