Attentional Processing
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Attentional Processing
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Author : David LaBerge
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1995
Attentional Processing written by David LaBerge and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Attention categories.
LaBerge explores how we are able to restrict the input of extraneous and confusing information, or prepare to process a future stimulus, in order to take effective action. As well as describing the pathways in the cortex presumed to be involved in attentional processing, he examines the hypothesis that two subcortical structures, the superior colliculus and the thalamus, contain circuit mechanisms that embody an algorithm of attention. In addition, he takes us through various ways of posing the problem, from an information-processing description of how attention works to a consideration of some of the cognitive and behavioral consequences of the brain's computations, such as desiring, judging, imaging, and remembering.
Orienting Of Attention
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Author : Richard D. Wright
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2008-04-16
Orienting Of Attention written by Richard D. Wright and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-16 with Psychology categories.
This book is a well-written overview of attention orienting that is heavily illustrated to make challenging theoretical concepts accessible to the reader. It is an ideal introduction to the topic both for a broad audience and for students and researchers who require a state-of-the-art overview of the field.
Attention
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Author : Department of Psychology Arthur F Kramer
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2007
Attention written by Department of Psychology Arthur F Kramer and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Psychology categories.
Contributors from psychology and engineering consider theories of human attention, methods of researching it, and ways to improve attention or account for the lack of it in various contexts.
The Psychology Of Attention
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Author : Elizabeth A. Styles
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1997
The Psychology Of Attention written by Elizabeth A. Styles and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Medical categories.
This textbook charts the development of the psychology of attention since the 1950s through the examination of a variety of tasks considered to involve attentional behaviour, together with evidence from studies of patients, neurophysiology and.
The Psychology Of Attention
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Author : Elizabeth Styles
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1997-10
The Psychology Of Attention written by Elizabeth Styles and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-10 with Psychology categories.
Views on attention have undergone continuous evolution since the early work of the 1950s. Since that time, the questions asked about attention, consciousness and control have changed, and evidence drawn into the debate comes not only from experimental psychology, but also from neurophysiology, neuropsychology and computational modelling. As evidence has accumalated, theories have changed and fundamental assumptions have been challenged. Rather than asking "What is attention?," people now consider "Why does attentional behaviour appear the way it is?" This textbook charts the development of these ideas, through the examination of a variety of tasks considered to involve attentional behaviour, together with evidence from studies of patients, neurophysiology and cognitive modelling.; After a consideration of what attention might be and whether it is a cause or an effect, this book describes and discusses work on selective auditory attention. It also deals with: problems of divided attention, task combination, automaticity and intentional control; selection for action; conscious and unconscious processing in both normal experimental subjects and neuropsychological patients; and neuropsychological and computational aspects of attention.
The Limits Of Attention
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Author : Kimron Shapiro
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
The Limits Of Attention written by Kimron Shapiro and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Medical categories.
For psychologists and cognitive neuroscientists interested in 'attention', the debate over the temporal limits of our attentional mechanisms is one of great importance and topicality. In The limits of attention, Kimron Shapiro has brought together a high quality team of attention researchers to discuss the issues key to this area of attention research. The result is an important book for cognitive psychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, and philosophers.
Attention Predictions And Expectations And Their Violation Attentional Control In The Human Brain
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Author : Simone Vossel
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-05-20
Attention Predictions And Expectations And Their Violation Attentional Control In The Human Brain written by Simone Vossel and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-20 with Attentional control categories.
In the burdened scenes of everyday life, our brains must select from among many competing inputs for perceptual synthesis - so that only the most relevant receive full attention and irrelevant (distracting) information is suppressed. At the same time, we must remain responsive to salient events outside our current focus of attention - and balancing these two processing modes is a fundamental task our brain constantly needs to solve. Both the physical saliency of a stimulus, as well as top-down predictions about imminent sensations crucially influence attentional selection and consequently the response to unexpected events. Research over recent decades has identified two separate brain networks involved in predictive top-down control and reorientation to unattended events (or oddball stimuli): the dorsal and ventral fronto-parietal attention systems of the human brain. Moreover, specific electrophysiological brain responses are known to characterize attentional orienting as well as the processing of deviant stimuli. However, many key questions are outstanding. What are the exact functional differences between these cortical attention systems? How are they lateralised in the two hemispheres? How do top-down and bottom-up signals interact to enable flexible attentional control? How does structural damage to one system affect the functionality of the other in brain damaged patients? Are there sensory-specific and supra-modal attentional systems in the brain? In addition to these questions, it is now accepted that brain responses are not only affected by the saliency of external stimuli, but also by our expectations about sensory inputs. How these two influences are balanced, and how predictions are formed in cortical networks, or generated on the basis of experience-dependent learning, are intriguing issues. In this Research Topic, we aim to collect innovative contributions that shed further light on the (cortical) mechanisms of attentional control in the human brain. In particular, we would like to encourage submissions that investigate the behavioural correlates, functional anatomy or electrophysiological markers of attentional selection and reorientation. Special emphasis will be given to studies investigating the context-sensitivity of these attentional processes in relation to prior expectations, trial history, contextual cues or physical saliency. We would like to encourage submissions employing different research methods (psychophysical recordings, neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI, MEG, EEG or ECoG, as well as neurostimulation methods such as TMS or tDCS) in healthy volunteers or neurological patients. Computational models and animal studies are also welcome. Finally, we also welcome submission of meta-analyses and reviews articles that provide new insights into, or conclusions about recent work in the field.
Visual Attention Mechanisms
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Author : Virginio Cantoni
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Visual Attention Mechanisms written by Virginio Cantoni and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
Proceedings of the Fifth International School on Neural Networks "E.R. Caianiello" on Visual Attention MechaProceedings of the Fifth International School on Neural Networks "E.R. Caianiello" on Visual Attention Mechanisms, held 23-28 October 2000 in Vietri sul Mare, Italy.nisms, held 23-28 October 2000 in Vietri sul Mare, Italy. The book covers a number of broad themes relevant to visual attention, ranging from computer vision to psychology and physiology of vision. The main theme of the book is the attention processes of vision systems and it aims to point out the analogies and the divergences of biological vision with the frameworks introduced by computer scientists in artificial vision.
The Neuropsychology Of Attention
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Author : Ronald A. Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
The Neuropsychology Of Attention written by Ronald A. Cohen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Medical categories.
As you read this, you are probably unaware of how your left foot feels in your shoe. Although your brain was receiving sensory input from this foot, you were not aware of your foot because you were reading and not attending to it. However, this discussion led you to move your attention to your left foot and to become aware of it. When I was a medical student, I saw a patient who was unaware of both the left side of his body and the left side of his environment. Unlike people in normal health, who when instructed can become aware of the left side of the body; this patient could not be made aware of his left arm or the left side of his environment. The patient's defect was so profound that despite being hungry he was unaware of food on the left side of his tray and did not recognize that his left arm belonged to him. This left-sided body and spatial unawareness could not be accounted for by a primary sensory defect. Although I knew that this man suffered from a large right-hemisphere stroke, I did not know the brain mechanisms that accounted for this profound example of unawareness. It was not until I had almost completed my neurology training in 1969 that I was able to return to this problem. At that time, most neuropsychological research was directed at understanding the language disorders associated with brain disease.
Behavioral And Physiological Bases Of Attentional Biases Paradigms Participants And Stimuli
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Author : Daniela M. Pfabigan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-08-21
Behavioral And Physiological Bases Of Attentional Biases Paradigms Participants And Stimuli written by Daniela M. Pfabigan and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-21 with Behavioural studies categories.
Attentional biases (ABs) play a prominent role in the development and maintenance of clinically relevant symptoms of, for example, anxiety and depression. In particular, increased attentional orienting and preoccupation with biologically relevant and mood-congruent stimuli has been observed, suggesting that the visual-attentional system is overly sensitive towards threat cues and avoidant of cues of reward in these disorders. First, several experimental paradigms have been used to assess ABs, e.g., the dot probe task, the emotional stroop task, and the spatial cueing task amongst others. Yet, these paradigms are based on different theoretical backgrounds and target different stages of the attentional process. Thus, different paradigms provided converging as well as diverging evidence with regard to ABs. However, it is often not entirely clear to what extent this reflects real differences and commonalities, or is caused by differences in methodology. For example, behavioral reaction time data can only provide a snapshot of selective attention. Measuring event-related potentials, eye movements, or functional brain imaging data enables exploring the exact temporal and spatial dynamics of attentional processes. Moreover, neuroimaging data reveal specific cortical networks involved in directing attention toward a stimulus or disengaging from it. Second, ABs have been mainly discussed as symptoms of psychopathology, while results in healthy participants are still scarce; previous studies mostly compared extreme groups. However, a comprehensive theoretical and empirical account of ABs in psychopathology also requires a thorough account of ABs in the general healthy population. Moreover, the effect of gender, as an important contributing factor in processing of emotional stimuli, has also not been considered systematically in previous research. Third, a variety of stimuli has been used in the assessment of ABs. So far, mostly facial or word stimuli have been applied. However, in everyday life not only facial emotion recognition but also a fast evaluation of complex social situations is important to be effective in social interactions. Recent research started using more complex stimuli to raise ecological validity. However, the use of ecologically valid stimuli poses some methodological challenges and needs to be applied more systematically. The aim of this research topic is to integrate different paradigms and stimuli, addressing individuals from the whole range of the population continuum, and to apply different methodological approaches. It is intended to bring together expertise in stimulus selection, timing and implementing issues, advancing and broadening the overall understanding of ABs.