Austria S International Position After The End Of The Cold War
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Austrias Intl Pos After End Cold War Contemporary Austrian Studies Vol 22
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Author : Günter Bischof
language : en
Publisher: University of New Orleans Press
Release Date : 2013-09-07
Austrias Intl Pos After End Cold War Contemporary Austrian Studies Vol 22 written by Günter Bischof and has been published by University of New Orleans Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-07 with Nature categories.
This inventive collection explores Austria's international position after the end of the Cold War. Austria joined the European Union in 1995 and aligned its foreign policy with the EU. Unlike its neighbors to the East, it did not join NATO but continued its policy of neutrality. Austria strengthened its investments in Central and Eastern Europe. Austria experienced devastating wars in its neighborhood in the Balkans and Austrian diplomats served as mediators in the region.
Austrias Intl Pos After End Cold War Contemporary Austrian Studies Vol 22
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Author : Günter Bischof
language : en
Publisher: University of New Orleans Press
Release Date : 2013-09-07
Austrias Intl Pos After End Cold War Contemporary Austrian Studies Vol 22 written by Günter Bischof and has been published by University of New Orleans Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-07 with Nature categories.
This inventive collection explores Austria's international position after the end of the Cold War. Austria joined the European Union in 1995 and aligned its foreign policy with the EU. Unlike its neighbors to the East, it did not join NATO but continued its policy of neutrality. Austria strengthened its investments in Central and Eastern Europe. Austria experienced devastating wars in its neighborhood in the Balkans and Austrian diplomats served as mediators in the region.
The Marshall Plan In Austria An Analysis
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Author : Gisela Spreitzhofer
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2006-01-12
The Marshall Plan In Austria An Analysis written by Gisela Spreitzhofer and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-12 with History categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject History Europe - Germany - Postwar Period, Cold War, grade: A, Johns Hopkins University (SAIS, Bologna Center), language: English, abstract: The Austrian Republic, which had been unable to survive economically in the aftermath of World War I, recovered surprisingly quickly from the serious economic consequences of World War II. In fact, it became one of the world’s wealthiest nations within a few years only, achieving extraordinarily high growth rates and per-capita income increases on an international scale. The Marshall Plan's historical role for Austria is a topic that has been rather neglected by historians for several decades. By writing this paper I would like to make a contribution to the memory of the Marshall Plan which was the biggest reconstruction aid project ever. Perhaps no country benefited more from it than Austria: Between 1948 and 1952, the United States supported Austria with goods worth approximately one billion dollars, which cost each American tax payer 80 dollars. Each Austrian received 133 dollars from the Plan, more than any other of the sixteen participating Western European countries. Apart from its economic effect, the Marshall Plan also transported the American way of life to Western Europe and Austria. I would like to start this paper by giving an overview of how Austria’s economic situation was like immediately after the end of World War II. The following chapter discusses the birth of the Marshall Plan, first on the Western, then on the Eastern side of the Atlantic. Then I will focus chronologically on the stages of Austria’s participation in the Plan, before its impact on Austrian post-war identity-building will be explained. A conclusion will finish the paper.
Ambition And Reality
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Author : Franz Cede
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Ambition And Reality written by Franz Cede and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Austria categories.
Ambition and Reality provides a succinct and compelling account of Austria's foreign policy interests and diplomatic practices from 1945 to today. It analyses the extent and influence of Austria's foreign policy practices, shedding light on an important piece of European history. Topics covered include the re-establishment of the Foreign Service, Austria's role in the Cold War, developments since Austria's accession to the EU, relations with neighboring states, the ambivalent relationship with the United States and the effects of the collapse of the USSR.
Austria In The First Cold War 1945 55
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Author : G. Bischof
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1999-08-12
Austria In The First Cold War 1945 55 written by G. Bischof and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-08-12 with History categories.
At the height of the first Cold War in the early 1950s, the Western powers worried that occupied Austria might become 'Europe's Korea' and feared a Communist takeover. The Soviets exploited their occupation zone for maximum reparations. American economic aid guaranteed Austria's survival and economic reconstruction. Their military assistance turned Austria into a 'secret ally' of the West. Austrian diplomacy played a vital role in securing the Austrian treaty in bilateral negotiations with Stalin's successors in the Kremlin demonstrating the leverage of the weak in the Cold War.
Under Observation
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Author : Manfried Rauchensteiner
language : en
Publisher: Böhlau Wien
Release Date : 2018-11-12
Under Observation written by Manfried Rauchensteiner and has been published by Böhlau Wien this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-12 with History categories.
Every time that something happened in Austria after 1918, the country was under observation: as German-Austria, the First Republic, the Corporative State, the Alpine and Danubian Gaue of the Greater German Reich, the Second Republic – right up to the present day. People looked, heard and generally did not keep silent, and this has not changed. As though Austria were still the same testing ground for the end of the world that Karl Kraus described it as. A gripping and varied overview of Austrian history over the last 100 years.
The Ideological Cold War
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Author : Johanna Rainio-Niemi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-02-05
The Ideological Cold War written by Johanna Rainio-Niemi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-05 with History categories.
This book opens new perspectives into the Cold War ideological confrontations. Using Austria and Finland as an example, it shows how the Cold War battles for the hearts and minds of the people also influenced policies in countries that wished to stay outside the conflict. Following the model of older European neutrals, Austria and Finland sought to combine neutrality with democracy. The combination was eagerly challenged by ideological Cold Warriors on both sides of the divide and questioned at home too. Was neutrality risking the neutrals’ commitment to democracy, or did the commitment to the western type of democracy threaten their commitment to neutrality? Confronting these doubts grew into an organic part of practicing neutrality in the Cold War world. The neutrals needed to be exceptionally clear regarding the ideological foundations of their neutrality. Successful neutrality required a great deal of conceptual consistence and domestic unanimity. None of this was pre-given in Austria or Finland. However, in the model of Switzerland and Sweden, (armed) neutrality was systematically integrated with the official state ideology and promoted as a part of national identity. Legacies of these policies outlived the end of the Cold War.
Austrian Foreign Policy In Historical Context
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Author : Günter Bischof
language : en
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Release Date :
Austrian Foreign Policy In Historical Context written by Günter Bischof and has been published by Transaction Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with History categories.
In 2005, Austria celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of its liberation from the Nazi regime and the fiftieth anniversary of the State Treaty that ended the occupation and returned full sovereignty to the country. This volume of Contemporary Austrian Studies covers foreign policy in the twentieth century. It offers an up-to-date status report of Austria's foreign policy trajectories and diplomatic options. Eva Nowotny, the current Austrian ambassador to the United States, introduces the volume with an analysis of the art and practice of Austrian diplomacy in historical perspective. Ambassador Wolfgang Petritsch analyzes recent Balkans diplomacy as an EU emissary in the Bosnian and Kosovo crises. Historians Günther Kronenbitter, Alexander Lassner, Günter Bischof, Joanna Granville, and Martin Kofler provide historical case studies of pre-and post-World War I and World War II Austrian diplomacy, Austria's dealings with the Hungarian crisis of 1956, and its mediation between Kennedy and Khrushchev in the early 1960s. Political scientists Romain Kirt, Stefan Mayer, and Gunther Hauser analyze small states' foreign policymaking in a globalizing world, Austrian federal states' separate regional policy initiatives abroad and Austria's role vis-à -vis current European security initiatives. Michael Gehler periodizes post-World War II Austrian foreign policy regimes and provides a valuable summary of both the available archival and printed diplomatic source collections. A "Historiography Roundtable" is dedicated to the Austrian Occupation decade. Günter Bischof reports on the state of occupation historiography; Oliver Rathkolb on the historical memory of the occupation; Michael Gehler on the context of the German question; and Wolfgang Mueller and Norman Naimark on Stalin's Cold War and Soviet policies towards Austria during those years. Review essays and book reviews on art theft, anti-Semitism, the Hungarian crisis of 1956, among other topics, complete the volume.
The Soviet Union And Cold War Neutrality And Nonalignment In Europe
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Author : Mark Kramer
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2021-03-22
The Soviet Union And Cold War Neutrality And Nonalignment In Europe written by Mark Kramer and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-22 with History categories.
The Soviet Union and Cold War Neutrality and Nonalignment in Europe examines how the neutral European countries and the Soviet Union interacted after World War II. Amid the Cold War division of Europe into Western and Eastern blocs, several long-time neutral countries abandoned neutrality and joined NATO. Other countries remained neutral but were still perceived as a threat to the Soviet Union’s sphere of influence. Based on extensive archival research, this volume offers state-of-the-art essays about relations between Europe’s neutral states and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and how these relations were perceived by other powers.
Consuls In The Cold War
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2023-05-08
Consuls In The Cold War written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-08 with History categories.
No studies currently exist on consuls and consulates (often dismissed as lowly figures in the diplomatic process) in the Cold War. Research into the work of these overlooked 'poor relations' offers the chance of new perspectives in the field of Cold War studies, exploring their role in representing their country’s interests in far flung and unexpected places and their support for particular communities of fellow nationals and itinerant travellers in difficulties. These unnoticed actors on the international stage played far more complicated roles than one generally imagines. . Contributors are: Tina Tamman, David Schriffl, Ariane Knuesel , Lori Maguire, Laurent Cesari, Sue Onslow, Pedro Aires Oliveira, David Lee, and Marek Hańderek.