Automated Driving
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Automated Driving
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Author : Daniel Watzenig
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-23
Automated Driving written by Daniel Watzenig and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The main topics of this book include advanced control, cognitive data processing, high performance computing, functional safety, and comprehensive validation. These topics are seen as technological bricks to drive forward automated driving. The current state of the art of automated vehicle research, development and innovation is given. The book also addresses industry-driven roadmaps for major new technology advances as well as collaborative European initiatives supporting the evolvement of automated driving. Various examples highlight the state of development of automated driving as well as the way forward. The book will be of interest to academics and researchers within engineering, graduate students, automotive engineers at OEMs and suppliers, ICT and software engineers, managers, and other decision-makers.
Autonomous Driving
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Author : Markus Maurer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-21
Autonomous Driving written by Markus Maurer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".
User Experience Design In The Era Of Automated Driving
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Author : Andreas Riener
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-01
User Experience Design In The Era Of Automated Driving written by Andreas Riener and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book is dedicated to user experience design for automated driving to address humane aspects of automated driving, e.g., workload, safety, trust, ethics, and acceptance. Automated driving has experienced a major development boost in recent years. However, most of the research and implementation has been technology-driven, rather than human-centered. The levels of automated driving have been poorly defined and inconsistently used. A variety of application scenarios and restrictions has been ambiguous. Also, it deals with human factors, design practices and methods, as well as applications, such as multimodal infotainment, virtual reality, augmented reality, and interactions in and outside users. This book aims at 1) providing engineers, designers, and practitioners with a broad overview of the state-of-the-art user experience research in automated driving to speed-up the implementation of automated vehicles and 2) helping researchers and students benefit from various perspectives and approaches to generate new research ideas and conduct more integrated research.
Avenue21 Connected And Automated Driving Prospects For Urban Europe
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Author : Mathias Mitteregger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-10-07
Avenue21 Connected And Automated Driving Prospects For Urban Europe written by Mathias Mitteregger and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This open access publication examines the impact of connected and automated vehicles on the European city and the conditions that can enable this technology to make a positive contribution to urban development. The authors argue for two theses that have thus far received little attention in scientific discourse: as connected and automated vehicles will not be ready for use in all parts of the city for a long time, previously assumed effects – from traffic safety to traffic performance as well as spatial effects – will need to be re-evaluated. To ensure this technology has a positive impact on the mobility of the future, transport and settlement policy regulations must be adapted and further developed. Established territorial, institutional and organizational boundaries must be investigated and challenged quickly. Despite – or, indeed, because of – the many uncertainties, we find ourselves at the beginning of a new design phase, not only in terms of technology development, but also regarding politics, urban planning, administration and civil society.
Automated Driving And Driver Assistance Systems
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Author : Tom Denton
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-10-16
Automated Driving And Driver Assistance Systems written by Tom Denton and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-16 with Transportation categories.
Automated vehicles are set to transform the world. Automated driving vehicles are here already and undergoing serious testing in several countries around the world. This book explains the technologies in language that is easy to understand and accessible to all readers. It covers the subject from several angles but in particular shows the links to existing ADAS technologies already in use in all modern vehicles. There is a lot of hype in the media at the moment about autonomous or driverless cars, and while some manufacturers expect to have vehicles available from 2020, they will not soon take over and it will be some time before they are commonplace. However, it is very important to be ready for the huge change of direction that automated driving will take. This is the first book of its type available and complements Tom Denton's other books.
Adas And Automated Driving
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Author : Plato Pathrose
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2024-03-01
Adas And Automated Driving written by Plato Pathrose and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-01 with Transportation categories.
"Immerse yourself in the evolving world of automotive technology with ADAS and Automated Driving - Systems Engineering. Explore advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving, revealing the automotive industry’s technological revolution. As technology becomes a driving force, this book serves as a guide to understanding cutting-edge technologies deployed by leading vehicle manufacturers. Discover how multiple systems synergize to provide ADAS and automated driving functions. Authored by an industry expert, this book explores systems engineering’s crucial role in designing, safety-critical cyber-physical systems. Gain practical insights into the processes and methods adapted for the current technological era of software-defined vehicles, influenced by AI, digitalization, and rapid technological advances. Whether you're a seasoned engineer navigating the shift to software-defined vehicles or a student eager to grasp systems engineering methods, this book is your key to unlocking the skills demanded in the exciting era of digitalization. Immerse yourself in real-world examples drawn from industry experiences, bridging the gap between theory and practical application. Gain the knowledge and expertise needed to embark on projects involving the intricate world of cyber-physical systems with ADAS and Automated Driving - Systems Engineering. “As this book demonstrates, systems engineering is needed more than ever to navigate the complexities of the type of projects where alternative delivery models are applied and to help ensure effective delivery even within the constraints of aggressive and adaptable schedules.” Dr David Ward Global Head of Vehicle Resilience—Functional Safety HORIBA MIRA Limited “This book holistically explains the lifecycle and the processes for ADAS and autonomous systems and their influence on the overall vehicle over its complete lifecycle.” Matthias Schulze Vice President, ADAS Product, ecarx" (ISBN 9781468607444, ISBN 9781468607451, ISBN 9781468607468, DOI 10.4271/9781468607451)
Challenges In Partially Automated Driving
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Author : Ignacio Solís Marcos
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2018-05-14
Challenges In Partially Automated Driving written by Ignacio Solís Marcos and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-14 with categories.
The technological development in recent years is currently reflected in the implementation of more and more advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). A clear example is found in the automated driving systems being marketed today. Some of these systems are capable of controlling crucial driving tasks such as keeping the vehicle within the lane or maintaining speed and the distance with the front vehicle constant. While this technology is still not mature enough to allow fully autonomous driving, current systems allow partially automated driving, or Level 2 (SAE, 2016). Level 2 automation enables feet-free, and for short periods hands-free driving, under specific situations. Yet, the driver is still expected to monitor the road and the system and be ready to intervene when required by the system. Regarding this, studies from the driving and other domains have warned about potential performance problems associated with placing operators in such monitoring role. Factors such as vigilance decrements or proneness to engage in other activities have been proposed to explain these problems; however, their role in the context of Level 2 automation remains to be further investigated. In this context, the main aims of this thesis were to understand the attentional effects of monitoring a Level 2 automated system and to investigate drivers’ strategies to integrate additional tasks while using such system. In particular, the following research questions were established: 1) Does monitoring a Level 2 system affect driver attention after short driving periods?; 2) Does Level 2 automation facilitate the performance of additional tasks?; 3) How do drivers integrate additional tasks into their monitoring responsibilities, and how is that influenced by automation trust and experience?. A complementary aim of this thesis was to explore the applicability of the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to detect the effects of different types of ADAS, i.e. Level 2 automation and a visual in-vehicle information system (IVIS), on drivers’ attention and on specific processing resources. Three studies were conducted to address the aforementioned research questions. In Study I and III, the participants were asked to drive Level 2 automated and manually while performing an auditory oddball task (Study I) or a visuomotor task (Study III). In Study II, the participants were instructed to perform a computer tracking task with or without the support of an artificial visual IVIS while executing a secondary auditory oddball task. Measurements included performance indicators from the primary and secondary tasks, as well as subjective and psychophysiological measures. ERPs (N1 and P3 amplitude and latencies) elicited by the auditory oddball task were used to assess the participants’ attentional resource allocation. Glance behaviour was also recorded to analyse drivers’ visual monitoring strategies in Study III. In addition, subjective measures of mental workload, vigilance or automation trust were collected. Last, driving parameters such as speed, time spent on the left lane or number overtakings were used to account for driving strategies to integrate an additional task while driving Level 2 automated or manually (Study III). As hypothesized, monitoring a Level 2 automated system for short periods led to lower perceived demands and to reductions in the allocation of attentional resources to the auditory oddball task, as shown by lower amplitudes in the P3 component (Study I). In Study III, driving Level 2 automated led to worse performances on an additional visuomotor task, compared to when driving manually, which contradicted our expectations. Additionally, when the system was active, drivers tended to look less to the road and more to the dashboard; however, only drivers with automation experience or who perceived the system as more robust increased their visual attention to the additional task. Furthermore, the results from Study II showed that some specific ERPs parameters, namely N1 latency and P3 amplitude, were also sensitive to the demands of IVIS while performing the tracking task. Based on previous studies (Young and Stanton, 2002), the lower attentional resource allocation observed in Study I could reflect a cognitive underload effect induced by the Level 2 automated driving. Cognitive underload is proposed as one of the explaining mechanisms for the observed worse performances in the additional visuomotor task during the automated conditions in Study III. However, other effects such as overload or task interferences could also explain this. Finally, the results revealed by the ERPs in Studies I and II suggest that this could be a useful technique to detect alterations in drivers’ attention due to the excessive high or low demands placed by different ADAS. ERPs also showed a greater diagnosticity than other measures in the detection of specific task requirements of perceptual and cognitive resources. Thus, ERPs may be useful as a complementary tool to other mental workload measures. Given that drivers need to remain attentive at all times while interacting with a Level 2 automated vehicle, the use of countermeasures to mitigate the negative attentional effects reported in this thesis is highly recommended. Specific training programs enhancing drivers’ knowledge of the system or the implementation of systems that inform about the system reliability or detect inadequate driver states could be promising solutions. Ägare av fordon med nivå 2-automation har nu möjlighet att köra utan att använda pedalerna, och under korta perioder, även utan att behöva styra i specifika trafiksituationer. Emellertid förblir de fortfarande ansvariga för att kontinuerligt övervaka den omgivande trafikmiljön liksom det automatiserade systemet. Även om automatiserade fordon har potential att öka säkerheten, har tidigare studier visat på betydande problem förknippade med förares svårigheter att övervaka automatiserade system en längre tid. Denna avhandlings huvudsakliga syfte var att förstå vilken inverkan nivå 2- automatiserad körning har på förares uppmärksamhet och beteende under två situationer: a) då föraren övervakar trafiken och systemet, b) då föraren övervakar trafiken och systemet, och samtidigt utför en sidouppgift av visumotorisk karaktär. Dessutom undersöktes även vilken inverkan tillit till och erfarenhet av nivå 2-automation hade på förarens övervakningsstrategier av och användning av systemet. Ett ytterligare, kompletterande syfte med denna avhandling, var att undersöka användbarheten av event-related potentials (ERP) -tekniken för att bättre kunna detektera eventuella förändringar som förknippas med nivå 2-automation. Specifikt analyserades N1 och P3 ERP-komponenterna. Dessutom användes denna teknik i avhandlingen för att upptäcka ökning av den mentala arbetsbelastningen i samband med förarens interaktion med andra vanliga stödsystem, exempelvis fordonets informationssystem. Tre olika studier genomfördes. I Studie I (simulatorstudie) observerades att körning med nivå 2- automation under korta perioder medförde generella minskningar av uppmärksamhetsresursallokering. Denna effekt upptäcktes som en minskning av amplituden hos P3-komponenten, framkallad av utförandet av en sekundär auditiv uppgift. I Studie III (på väg) upptäcktes sämre prestation på en sidouppgift av visumotorisk karaktär under körning med nivå-2 automation jämfört med manuell körning. Det observerades även att förare med större erfarenhet av systemet och/eller högre skattningar av systemets robusthet, tenderade att titta mindre på vägen och mer på sidouppgiften. Slutligen, i Studie II (laboratoriestudie), upptäcktes att ERP var användbart för att detektera ökningar av krav associerade med utförandet av en datoradministrerad spårningsuppgift, baserad på ett artificiellt visuellt IVIS. I allmänhet tyder resultaten i denna avhandling på att nivå 2-automation kan leda till kognitiv underbelastning, en effekt som tidigare har observerats i högre grader av automation. Nedsättning av uppmärksamhet, beroende på kognitiv underbelastning, kan förklara de sämre prestationerna på sidouppgiften under körning med nivå 2-automation som observerades i studie III. Dock behöver resultatet undersökas ytterligare eftersom andra effekter, som överbelastning eller specifik uppgiftskonkurrens, också kan ha skett. I enlighet med avhandlingens kompletterande syfte, uppvisade användningen av ERP, som ett komplementärt verktyg till andra sätt att mäta mental arbetsbelastning, lovande resultat. ERP kan användas för att upptäcka ytterligare effekter av olika stödsystem, som antingen ökar eller minskar de krav som ställs på föraren. Nu finns fordon med nivå 2-automation på vägarna. Trots detta är vissa säkerhetsproblem, förknippade med deras effekter på förarens förmågor och beteende, fortfarande olösta. Det är därför nödvändigt att insatser görs för att mildra sådana problem så att framtida incidenter i trafiken kan förhindras i så stor utsträckning som möjligt. Förhoppningsvis bidrar denna avhandling till att öka förståelsen för de verkliga effekterna av nivå 2-system på förare och uppmuntrar till fler framtida studier inom området.
Autonomous Vehicles And Future Mobility
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Author : Pierluigi Coppola
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-06-11
Autonomous Vehicles And Future Mobility written by Pierluigi Coppola and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-11 with Transportation categories.
Autonomous Vehicles and Future Mobility presents novel methods for examining the long-term effects on individuals, society, and on the environment for a wide range of forthcoming transport scenarios, such as self-driving vehicles, workplace mobility plans, demand responsive transport analysis, mobility as a service, multi-source transport data provision, and door-to-door mobility. With the development and realization of new mobility options comes change in long-term travel behavior and transport policy. This book addresses these impacts, considering such key areas as the attitude of users towards new services, the consequences of introducing new mobility forms, the impacts of changing work related trips, and more. By examining and contextualizing innovative transport solutions in this rapidly evolving field, the book provides insights into the current implementation of these potentially sustainable solutions. It will serve as a resource of general guidelines and best practices for researchers, professionals and policymakers.
Knowledge Graph Based Methods For Automated Driving
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Author : Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2025-04-11
Knowledge Graph Based Methods For Automated Driving written by Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-04-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The global race to develop and deploy automated vehicles is still hindered by significant challenges, with the related complexities requiring multidisciplinary research approaches. Knowledge Graph-Based Methods for Automated Driving offers sought-after, specialized know-how for a wide range of readers both in academia and industry on the use of graphs as knowledge representation techniques which, compared to other relational models, provide a number of advantages for data-driven applications like automated driving tasks. The machine learning pipeline presented in this volume incorporates a variety of auxiliary information, including logic rules, ontology-informed workflows, simulation outcomes, differential equations, and human input, with the resulting operational framework being more reliable, secure, efficient as well as sustainable. Case studies and other practical discussions exemplify these methods' promising and exciting prospects for the maturation of scalable solutions with potential to transform transport and logistics worldwide. - Systematically covers knowledge graphs for automated driving processes - Includes real-life case studies, facilitating an understanding of current challenges - Analyzes the impact of various technological aspects related to automation across a range of transport modes, networks, and infrastructures
Autonomous Vehicles
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Author : George Dimitrakopoulos
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-04-15
Autonomous Vehicles written by George Dimitrakopoulos and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-15 with Transportation categories.
Autonomous Vehicles: Technologies, Regulations, and Societal Impacts explores both the autonomous driving concepts and the key hardware and software enablers, Artificial intelligence tools, needed infrastructure, communication protocols, and interaction with non-autonomous vehicles. It analyses the impacts of autonomous driving using a scenario-based approach to quantify the effects on the overall economy and affected sectors. The book assess from a qualitative and quantitative approach, the future of autonomous driving, and the main drivers, challenges, and barriers. The book investigates whether individuals are ready to use advanced automated driving vehicles technology, and to what extent we as a society are prepared to accept highly automated vehicles on the road. Building on the technologies, opportunities, strengths, threats, and weaknesses, Autonomous Vehicles: Technologies, Regulations, and Societal Impacts discusses the needed frameworks for automated vehicles to move inside and around cities. The book concludes with a discussion on what in applications comes next, outlining the future research needs. - Broad, interdisciplinary and systematic coverage of the key issues in autonomous driving and vehicles - Examines technological impact on society, governance, and the economy as a whole - Includes foundational topical coverage, case studies, objectives, and glossary