Automatic Parallelization
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Automatic Parallelization
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Author : Samuel P. Midkiff
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2012
Automatic Parallelization written by Samuel P. Midkiff and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Computers categories.
Compiling for parallelism is a longstanding topic of compiler research. This book describes the fundamental principles of compiling regular numerical programs for parallelism. We begin with an explanation of analyses that allow a compiler to understand the interaction of data reads and writes in different statements and loop iterations during program execution. These analyses include dependence analysis, use-def analysis and pointer analysis. Next, we describe how the results of these analyses are used to enable transformations that make loops more amenable to parallelization, and discuss transformations that expose parallelism to target shared memory multicore and vector processors. We then discuss some problems that arise when parallelizing programs for execution on distributed memory machines. Finally, we conclude with an overview of solving Diophantine equations and suggestions for further readings in the topics of this book to enable the interested reader to delve deeper into the field. Table of Contents: Introduction and overview / Dependence analysis, dependence graphs and alias analysis / Program parallelization / Transformations to modify and eliminate dependences / Transformation of iterative and recursive constructs / Compiling for distributed memory machines / Solving Diophantine equations / A guide to further reading
Automatic Parallelization
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Author : Samuel Midkiff
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01
Automatic Parallelization written by Samuel Midkiff and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Compiling for parallelism is a longstanding topic of compiler research. This book describes the fundamental principles of compiling "regular" numerical programs for parallelism. We begin with an explanation of analyses that allow a compiler to understand the interaction of data reads and writes in different statements and loop iterations during program execution. These analyses include dependence analysis, use-def analysis and pointer analysis. Next, we describe how the results of these analyses are used to enable transformations that make loops more amenable to parallelization, and discuss transformations that expose parallelism to target shared memory multicore and vector processors. We then discuss some problems that arise when parallelizing programs for execution on distributed memory machines. Finally, we conclude with an overview of solving Diophantine equations and suggestions for further readings in the topics of this book to enable the interested reader to delve deeper into the field. Table of Contents: Introduction and overview / Dependence analysis, dependence graphs and alias analysis / Program parallelization / Transformations to modify and eliminate dependences / Transformation of iterative and recursive constructs / Compiling for distributed memory machines / Solving Diophantine equations / A guide to further reading
Scheduling And Automatic Parallelization
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Author : Alain Darte
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Scheduling And Automatic Parallelization written by Alain Darte and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
I Unidimensional Problems.- 1 Scheduling DAGs without Communications.- 2 Scheduling DAGs with Communications.- 3 Cyclic Scheduling.- II Multidimensional Problems.- 4 Systems of Uniform Recurrence Equations.- 5 Parallelism Detection in Nested Loops.
Automatic Parallelization
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Author : Christoph W. Kessler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Automatic Parallelization written by Christoph W. Kessler and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
Distributed-memory multiprocessing systems (DMS), such as Intel's hypercubes, the Paragon, Thinking Machine's CM-5, and the Meiko Computing Surface, have rapidly gained user acceptance and promise to deliver the computing power required to solve the grand challenge problems of Science and Engineering. These machines are relatively inexpensive to build, and are potentially scalable to large numbers of processors. However, they are difficult to program: the non-uniformity of the memory which makes local accesses much faster than the transfer of non-local data via message-passing operations implies that the locality of algorithms must be exploited in order to achieve acceptable performance. The management of data, with the twin goals of both spreading the computational workload and minimizing the delays caused when a processor has to wait for non-local data, becomes of paramount importance. When a code is parallelized by hand, the programmer must distribute the program's work and data to the processors which will execute it. One of the common approaches to do so makes use of the regularity of most numerical computations. This is the so-called Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) or data parallel model of computation. With this method, the data arrays in the original program are each distributed to the processors, establishing an ownership relation, and computations defining a data item are performed by the processors owning the data.
Automatic Parallelization For A Class Of Regular Computations
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Author : G M Megson
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1997-01-04
Automatic Parallelization For A Class Of Regular Computations written by G M Megson and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-04 with Computers categories.
The automatic generation of parallel code from high level sequential description is of key importance to the wide spread use of high performance machine architectures. This text considers (in detail) the theory and practical realization of automatic mapping of algorithms generated from systems of uniform recurrence equations (do-lccps) onto fixed size architectures with defined communication primitives. Experimental results of the mapping scheme and its implementation are given.
Input Output Intensive Massively Parallel Computing
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Author : Peter Brezany
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1997-04-09
Input Output Intensive Massively Parallel Computing written by Peter Brezany and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-04-09 with Computers categories.
Massively parallel processing is currently the most promising answer to the quest for increased computer performance. This has resulted in the development of new programming languages and programming environments and has stimulated the design and production of massively parallel supercomputers. The efficiency of concurrent computation and input/output essentially depends on the proper utilization of specific architectural features of the underlying hardware. This book focuses on development of runtime systems supporting execution of parallel code and on supercompilers automatically parallelizing code written in a sequential language. Fortran has been chosen for the presentation of the material because of its dominant role in high-performance programming for scientific and engineering applications.
Automatic Parallelization An Incremental Optimistic Practical Approach
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Automatic Parallelization An Incremental Optimistic Practical Approach written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
The historic focus of Automatic Parallelization efforts has been limited in two ways. First, parallelization has generally been attempted only on codes which can be proven to be parallelizeable. Unfortunately, the requisite dependence analysis is undecidable, and today's applications demonstrate that this restriction is more than just theoretical. Second, parallel program generation has generally been geared to custom multi-processing hardware. Although a network of workstations (NOW) could in principle be harnessed to serve as a multiprocessing platform, the NOW has characteristics which are at odds with elective utilization. This thesis shows that by restricting our attention to the important domain of "embarrassingly parallel" applications, leveraging existing scalable and efficient network services, and carefully orchestrating a synergy between compile-time transformations and a small runtime system, we can achieve a parallelization that not only works in the face of inconclusive program analysis, but is also efficient for the NOW. We optimistically parallelize loops whose memory access behavior is unknown, relying on the runtime system to provide efficient detection and recovery in the case of an overly optimistic transformation. Unlike previous work in speculative parallelization, we provide a methodology which is not tied to the Fortran language, making it feasible as a generally useful approach. Our runtime system implements Two-Phase Idempotent Eager Scheduling (TIES) for efficient network execution, providing an Automatic Parallelization platform with performance scalability for the NOW.
Automatic Performance Prediction Of Parallel Programs
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Author : Thomas Fahringer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Automatic Performance Prediction Of Parallel Programs written by Thomas Fahringer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
Automatic Performance Prediction of Parallel Programs presents a unified approach to the problem of automatically estimating the performance of parallel computer programs. The author focuses primarily on distributed memory multiprocessor systems, although large portions of the analysis can be applied to shared memory architectures as well. The author introduces a novel and very practical approach for predicting some of the most important performance parameters of parallel programs, including work distribution, number of transfers, amount of data transferred, network contention, transfer time, computation time and number of cache misses. This approach is based on advanced compiler analysis that carefully examines loop iteration spaces, procedure calls, array subscript expressions, communication patterns, data distributions and optimizing code transformations at the program level; and the most important machine specific parameters including cache characteristics, communication network indices, and benchmark data for computational operations at the machine level. The material has been fully implemented as part of P3T, which is an integrated automatic performance estimator of the Vienna Fortran Compilation System (VFCS), a state-of-the-art parallelizing compiler for Fortran77, Vienna Fortran and a subset of High Performance Fortran (HPF) programs. A large number of experiments using realistic HPF and Vienna Fortran code examples demonstrate highly accurate performance estimates, and the ability of the described performance prediction approach to successfully guide both programmer and compiler in parallelizing and optimizing parallel programs. A graphical user interface is described and displayed that visualizes each program source line together with the corresponding parameter values. P3T uses color-coded performance visualization to immediately identify hot spots in the parallel program. Performance data can be filtered and displayed at various levels of detail. Colors displayed by the graphical user interface are visualized in greyscale. Automatic Performance Prediction of Parallel Programs also includes coverage of fundamental problems of automatic parallelization for distributed memory multicomputers, a description of the basic parallelization strategy and a large variety of optimizing code transformations as included under VFCS.
Automatic Parallelization Of Recursive Procedures
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Author : International Business Machines Corporation. Research Division
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Automatic Parallelization Of Recursive Procedures written by International Business Machines Corporation. Research Division and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Compilers (Computer programs) categories.
Abstract: "Parallelizing compilers have traditionally focussed mainly on parallelizing loops. This paper presents a new framework for automatically parallelizing recursive procedures that typically appear in divide-and-conquer style algorithms. We present compile-time analysis to detect the independence of multiple recursive calls in a procedure. This allows exploitation of a scalable form of nested parallelism, where each parallel task can further spawn off parallel work in subsequent recursive calls. We describe a run-time system which efficiently supports this kind of nested parallelism without unnecessarily blocking tasks, and facilitates load-balancing. We have implemented this framework in a parallelizing compiler for C and Fortran 90. We believe it is the first compiler which is able to automatically parallelize programs like quicksort and mergesort. For cases where even the advanced symbolic analysis and array section analysis we describe are not able to prove the independence of procedure calls, we propose novel techniques for speculative run-time parallelization, which are significantly more efficient and powerful than analogous techniques proposed previously for speculatively parallelizing loops. Our experimental results on an IBM G30 SMP machine show good speedups obtained by following our approach."
Programmer Assisted Automatic Parallelization
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Author : Diego Huang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Programmer Assisted Automatic Parallelization written by Diego Huang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Parallel software is now required to exploit the abundance of threads and processors in modern multicore computers. Unfortunately, manual parallelization is too time-consuming and error-prone for all but the most advanced programmers. While automatic parallelization promises threaded software with little programmer effort, current auto-parallelizers are easily thwarted by pointers and other forms of ambiguity in the code. In this dissertation we profile the loops in SPEC CPU2006, categorize the loops in terms of available parallelism, and focus on promising loops that are not parallelized by IBM's XL C/C++ V10 auto-parallelizer. For those loops we propose methods of improved interaction between the programmer and compiler that can facilitate their parallelization. In particular, we (i) suggest methods for the compiler to better identify to the programmer the parallelization-blockers; (ii) suggest methods for the programmer to provide guarantees to the compiler that overcome these parallelization-blockers; and (iii) evaluate the resulting impact on performance.