Averting The Old Age Crisis
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Averting The Old Age Crisis
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Averting The Old Age Crisis written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This study suggests that certain regional actions, such as concerted efforts by East Asian governments to liberalize trade and investment, can bring great benefits to the region and the rest of the world. It concentrates on the evolution of trade, its contribution to growth, and the positive impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth and export expansion in the region. But the report also states that the present global consensus on the benefits of liberalized trade provides an unprecedented opportunity for action. Four broad conclusions are reached on the direction of trade and investment liberalization in the region: 1) The region is too important a player in international trade to remain on the sidelines while the industrial countries make major policy decisions. 2) Existing trade imbalances between East Asia and the industrialized countries may be unsustainable. 3) The short-term balance of payments deficits arising from tariff cuts could be more than made up by long-term foreign direct investment flows. 4) A broad-based reduction in protection levels that applies to imports from all countries, whether in East Asia or not, would benefit the region and the rest of the world. Attention is also drawn to the merits of liberalization on a most-favored-nation (MFN) basis instead of through preferential arrangements.
Averting The Old Age Crisis
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1994
Averting The Old Age Crisis written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Business & Economics categories.
This policy-oriented book identifies the issues countries should consider as they reevaluate their old income security policies and formulate new methods. The choice between the various models for providing old-age security has broad implications for the operation of labor and capital markets, the fiscal system, and the level, growth, and distribution of GNP. The author concludes that a mixed strategy is more effective than any single method of income security. This will be an important book for international economists and policymakers.
Old Age Crisis
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Author : Rector Press, Limited
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Old Age Crisis written by Rector Press, Limited and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Protecting The Old And Promoting Growth
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Author : Estelle James
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Protecting The Old And Promoting Growth written by Estelle James and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
January 1996 A summary of recommendations in the recent World Bank report on old-age security programs, and an analysis of why the International Labour Organisation and the International Social Security Association came to different policy conclusions. In the World Bank's view, these programs should protect the old, but because such massive resources are involved, one must also consider how they affect the general economy. The current social security systems in many OECD countries were adopted before World War II, when private financial markets were underdeveloped or in disrepute. They expanded sharply in the 1950s and 1960s, when real wages and population were growing rapidly. Under those circumstances, it seemed natural to rely on a publicly managed payroll-tax-financed pay-as-you-go (PAYG) system. But in the past 40 years, real wage growth has slowed and population growth has come to a halt in OECD countries, so tax rates must go up sharply if PAYG systems are to be retained. It has become increasingly important to minimize work disincentives and to increase labor productivity through capital accumulation, which the public pillar is not well-suited to do. Shifting partial responsibility to privately managed plans that are funded and that tie benefits to contributions is likely to improve economic growth and provide better benefits than will continued reliance on a payroll-tax-financed PAYG system, concludes the World Bank. The OECD countries can shift gradually to a two-pillar system by reducing and flattening the benefits in their public pillars and using the released resources (plus some additional contributions) to build funded defined contribution accounts in a new mandatory saving pillar. If developing countries follow the path the OECD countries once followed, they will encounter dramatically escalating contribution rates, great intergenerational transfers, and related problems. Given their rapid rate of demographic aging, it is important for them to establish a multi-pillar system from the start. James argues that the World Bank position differs from those of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and International Social Security Association (ISSA) because the Bank: * Is more concerned about how social security systems affect the general economy. * Is troubled by inequities often found in current systems (in practice, if not on paper). * Believes that behavioral responses and factors of political economy sometimes make nonviable the design changes the ILO and ISSA recommend for public systems. * Values risk diversification. (Financial markets are now both better and more global than before, so multipillar systems benefit from revenue and managerial diversification, including international diversification.) This paper -- a product of the Poverty and Human Resources Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to study the economic impact of population aging and old age systems.
Averting The Old Age Crisis
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Author : World Bank Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Averting The Old Age Crisis written by World Bank Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Business & Economics categories.
This time-saving software edition of Averting the Old Age Crisis: Policies to Protect the Old and Promote Growth provides in accessible electronic form the complete data sets that are in the print edition. Users may select and view the data through the World Bank's Socioeconomic Time-series Access and Retrieval System (*STARS*). This convenient system allows the user to view single items, to construct and view a table on-screen, or to export the data for use in other programs such as Lotus 1-2-3TM, Javelin PlusTM, or any program that reads ASCII characters. This package includes the complete *STARS* program and data on 31⁄2" double-density diskettes for use on personal computers with a hard disk, at least 512K RAM, and MS-DOS 2.1 or higher. The user's manual provides a guide to getting started, viewing and extracting data, and using extract files. Also available: Averting the Old Age Crisis (Full report) (ISBN 0-19-520996-6) Stock No. 60996; Averting the Old Age Crisis (Spanish edition) (ISBN 0-8213-2844-1) Stock No. 12844; Averting the Old Age Crisis Summary (English) (ISBN 0-8213-2970-7) Stock No. 12970; Averting the Old Age Crisis Summary (French) (ISBN 0-8213-3001-2) Stock No. 13001; Averting the Old Age Crisis Summary (Spanish) (ISBN 0-8213-2971-5) Stock No. 12971.
Protecting The Old And Promoting Growth
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Author : Estelle James
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Protecting The Old And Promoting Growth written by Estelle James and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
A summary of recommendati ...
New Systems For Old Age Security Theory Practice And Empirical Evidence
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Author : Estelle James
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
New Systems For Old Age Security Theory Practice And Empirical Evidence written by Estelle James and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
May 1997 Initial empirical investigations suggest that countries concerned about growth should consider pension reform a potentially powerful tool for improving the welfare of both old and young. James summarizes the major findings and recommendations in Averting the Old Age Crisis, describing problems in traditional pension systems and proposals for reform. Then she describes how those reforms are being implemented in many countries and examines empirical evidence about pension reform's impact on growth. Since the publication of Averting the Old Age Crisis, the move toward multipillar systems has accelerated around the world, spurred by demographic and economic forces. In addition, research has been carried out on some of the critical assumptions underlying the recommendations in the report. Researchers have begun to quantify the effects of a full or partial shift to a funded defined-contribution plan on the supply and allocation of labor, on national saving, and on the development of financial markets. Results from the studies that have been done so far on the (anticipated and actual) effects of pension reform (in Argentina, Australia, Mexico, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and especially Chile) suggest that pension reform can have and has had a positive, possibly large, impact on national saving and the development of financial markets and hence on economic growth. This paper - a product of the Poverty and Human Resources Division, Policy Research Department - was prepared for the EDI Conference on Pension Reform, November 1996.
Managing Restructuring In The Textile And Garment Subsector
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Author : Saha Dhevan Meyanathan
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Managing Restructuring In The Textile And Garment Subsector written by Saha Dhevan Meyanathan and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Summary edition. The full report analyzes the issues affecting income security for the elderly in both developing and industrial nations. Systems providing financial security for the old are under increasing strain throughout the world. Changing demographics have led to an increased proportion of old people in the general population. Traditional means of support for the old, such as extended families, are weakening. Meanwhile, formal systems, such as government-backed pensions, have proven unstable. For these reasons economists, policymakers, and government officials are exploring ways to address such issues as: *How to ensure financial security for the old and the best ways of paying for such security *The roles of the public and private sectors when systems are used to enhance rather than detract from economic growth. This study, the first comprehensive and global examination of old age security, addresses such issues. It identifies three functions of old age financial security programs--redistribution, saving, and insurance. It evaluates the policy options for meeting these functions using two criteria: their impact on the aged and their impact on the economy as a whole. The study suggests that financial security for the old and economic growth would be better served if governments relied on three systems: 1) A publicly managed system with mandatory participation and the limited goal of reducing poverty among the old 2) A privately managed mandatory savings system 3) A voluntary savings system. These three systems would ensure against the many risks of old age. The study concludes that a combination of different income security policies is more effective than any single approach and that all countries should begin planning for their aging populations now. Published for the World Bank by Oxford University Press. Also available: Averting the Old Age Crisis (Full report) (ISBN 0-19-520996-6) Stock No. 60996; Averting the Old Age Crisis (Spanish edition) (ISBN 0-8213-2844-1) Stock No. 12844; Averting the Old Age Crisis Database (diskettes) (ISBN 0-8213-3032-2) Stock No. 13032; Averting the Old Age Crisis Summary (French) (ISBN 0-8213-3001-2) Stock No. 13001; Averting the Old Age Crisis Summary (Spanish) (ISBN 0-8213-2971-5) Stock No. 12971.
Lessons From Pension Reform In The Americas
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Author : Stephen J. Kay
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2007-11-22
Lessons From Pension Reform In The Americas written by Stephen J. Kay and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-22 with Business & Economics categories.
Latin American experiments with pension reform began when Chile converted its public pay-as-you-go system to a system of private individual accounts in the early 1980s. Several other Latin American countries then followed suit, inspired both by Chile's reforms and by World Bank recommendations stressing compulsory government-mandated individual saving accounts. Individual accounts were subsequently introduced in a number of countries in Europe and Asia. Many are now re-evaluating these privatisations in an effort to 'reform the reform' to make these systems more efficient and equitable. This volume is the first to assess pension reforms in this new 'post-privatization' era. After a discussion on demographic trends in the foreword by Nobel laureate Robert W. Fogel, Section 1 of the book includes chapters on the role of pension system default options, the impact of gender, and a discussion of the World Bank's policies on pension reform. The chapter on the evidence from Chile's new social protection survey points to key lessons from the world's first privatization. Section 2 offers in-depth analysis of several significant reform initiatives in the hemisphere, and includes chapters on the United States, Canada, Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay and Argentina. The volume provides an unparalleled account of the lessons from pension reform in the Americas, addressing the most pressing policy issues and highlighting a broad range of country experiences.
Against The Dead Hand
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Author : Brink Lindsey
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2002-04-08
Against The Dead Hand written by Brink Lindsey and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-04-08 with Business & Economics categories.
A refreshing, insightful look into the political and economicdynamics driving globalization today Globalization: it's earlier than you think. That's the provocativemessage of Against the Dead Hand, which traces the rise and fall ofthe century-long dream of central planning and top-down control andits impact on globalization-revealing the extent to which the "deadhand" of the old collectivist dream still shapes the contours oftoday's world economy. Mixing historical narrative,thought-provoking arguments, and on-the-scene reporting andinterviews, Brink Lindsey shows how the economy has grown up amidstthe wreckage of the old regime-detailing how that wreckageconstrains the present and obscures the future. He conveys aclearer picture of globalization's current state than the currentconventional wisdom, providing a framework for anticipating thefuture direction of the world economy.