Axiomatic Geometry
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Axiomatic Geometry
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Author : John M. Lee
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 2013-04-10
Axiomatic Geometry written by John M. Lee and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-10 with Mathematics categories.
The story of geometry is the story of mathematics itself: Euclidean geometry was the first branch of mathematics to be systematically studied and placed on a firm logical foundation, and it is the prototype for the axiomatic method that lies at the foundation of modern mathematics. It has been taught to students for more than two millennia as a mode of logical thought. This book tells the story of how the axiomatic method has progressed from Euclid's time to ours, as a way of understanding what mathematics is, how we read and evaluate mathematical arguments, and why mathematics has achieved the level of certainty it has. It is designed primarily for advanced undergraduates who plan to teach secondary school geometry, but it should also provide something of interest to anyone who wishes to understand geometry and the axiomatic method better. It introduces a modern, rigorous, axiomatic treatment of Euclidean and (to a lesser extent) non-Euclidean geometries, offering students ample opportunities to practice reading and writing proofs while at the same time developing most of the concrete geometric relationships that secondary teachers will need to know in the classroom. -- P. [4] of cover.
Axiomatic Geometry
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Author : Michael C. Gemignani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Axiomatic Geometry written by Michael C. Gemignani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Mathematics categories.
An Axiomatic Approach To Geometry
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Author : Francis Borceux
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-31
An Axiomatic Approach To Geometry written by Francis Borceux and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-31 with Mathematics categories.
Focusing methodologically on those historical aspects that are relevant to supporting intuition in axiomatic approaches to geometry, the book develops systematic and modern approaches to the three core aspects of axiomatic geometry: Euclidean, non-Euclidean and projective. Historically, axiomatic geometry marks the origin of formalized mathematical activity. It is in this discipline that most historically famous problems can be found, the solutions of which have led to various presently very active domains of research, especially in algebra. The recognition of the coherence of two-by-two contradictory axiomatic systems for geometry (like one single parallel, no parallel at all, several parallels) has led to the emergence of mathematical theories based on an arbitrary system of axioms, an essential feature of contemporary mathematics. This is a fascinating book for all those who teach or study axiomatic geometry, and who are interested in the history of geometry or who want to see a complete proof of one of the famous problems encountered, but not solved, during their studies: circle squaring, duplication of the cube, trisection of the angle, construction of regular polygons, construction of models of non-Euclidean geometries, etc. It also provides hundreds of figures that support intuition. Through 35 centuries of the history of geometry, discover the birth and follow the evolution of those innovative ideas that allowed humankind to develop so many aspects of contemporary mathematics. Understand the various levels of rigor which successively established themselves through the centuries. Be amazed, as mathematicians of the 19th century were, when observing that both an axiom and its contradiction can be chosen as a valid basis for developing a mathematical theory. Pass through the door of this incredible world of axiomatic mathematical theories!
Axiomatic Projective Geometry
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Author : A. Heyting
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2014-05-12
Axiomatic Projective Geometry written by A. Heyting and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-12 with Mathematics categories.
Bibliotheca Mathematica: A Series of Monographs on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume V: Axiomatic Projective Geometry, Second Edition focuses on the principles, operations, and theorems in axiomatic projective geometry, including set theory, incidence propositions, collineations, axioms, and coordinates. The publication first elaborates on the axiomatic method, notions from set theory and algebra, analytic projective geometry, and incidence propositions and coordinates in the plane. Discussions focus on ternary fields attached to a given projective plane, homogeneous coordinates, ternary field and axiom system, projectivities between lines, Desargues' proposition, and collineations. The book takes a look at incidence propositions and coordinates in space. Topics include coordinates of a point, equation of a plane, geometry over a given division ring, trivial axioms and propositions, sixteen points proposition, and homogeneous coordinates. The text examines the fundamental proposition of projective geometry and order, including cyclic order of the projective line, order and coordinates, geometry over an ordered ternary field, cyclically ordered sets, and fundamental proposition. The manuscript is a valuable source of data for mathematicians and researchers interested in axiomatic projective geometry.
From Affine To Euclidean Geometry
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Author : W. Szmielew
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1983-08-31
From Affine To Euclidean Geometry written by W. Szmielew and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983-08-31 with Mathematics categories.
Foundations Of Geometry
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Author : David Hilbert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-04-22
Foundations Of Geometry written by David Hilbert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-22 with categories.
This classic work by David Hilbert summarizes the advances in 19th century geometry that saw the field migrate from being concerned primarily with describing physical space to an axiomatic basis where as he described it to Otto Blumenthal, 'one must be able to say, "tables, chairs, beer-mugs," in place of "points, lines, planes."This edition has been reset with all new diagrams that replace the poor quality scans found in most editions of this work.Hilbert begins with 20 axioms divided into five groups and from these constructs not only the conventional Euclidean geometry, but a variety of other geometries that make use of certain axioms while rejecting others. The final chapter shows deep connections between axiomatic geometry and number theory that recall the origins of number theory in ancient Greece and Babylon.Though not intended as a textbook, the exacting mechanisms by which Hilbert constructs various geometries form an excellent example of mathematical thinking.
A Full Axiomatic Development Of High School Geometry
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Author : David M. Clark
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-02-13
A Full Axiomatic Development Of High School Geometry written by David M. Clark and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-13 with Mathematics categories.
This textbook provides a full and complete axiomatic development of exactly that part of plane Euclidean geometry that forms the standard content of high school geometry. It begins with a set of points, a measure of distance between pairs of points and ten simple axioms. From there the notions of length, area and angle measure, along with congruence and similarity, are carefully defined and their properties proven as theorems. It concludes with a proof of the consistency of the axioms used and a full description of their models. It is provided in guided inquiry (inquiry-based) format with the intention that students will be active learners, proving the theorems and presenting their proofs to their class with the instructor as a mentor and a guide. The book is written for graduate and advanced undergraduate students interested in teaching secondary school mathematics, for pure math majors interested in learning about the foundations of geometry, for faculty preparing future secondary school teachers and as a reference for any professional mathematician. It is written with the hope of anchoring K-12 geometry in solid modern mathematics, thereby fortifying the teaching of secondary and tertiary geometry with a deep understanding of the subject.
Euclidean Geometry And Its Subgeometries
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Author : Edward John Specht
language : en
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Release Date : 2015-12-31
Euclidean Geometry And Its Subgeometries written by Edward John Specht and has been published by Birkhäuser this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-31 with Mathematics categories.
In this monograph, the authors present a modern development of Euclidean geometry from independent axioms, using up-to-date language and providing detailed proofs. The axioms for incidence, betweenness, and plane separation are close to those of Hilbert. This is the only axiomatic treatment of Euclidean geometry that uses axioms not involving metric notions and that explores congruence and isometries by means of reflection mappings. The authors present thirteen axioms in sequence, proving as many theorems as possible at each stage and, in the process, building up subgeometries, most notably the Pasch and neutral geometries. Standard topics such as the congruence theorems for triangles, embedding the real numbers in a line, and coordinatization of the plane are included, as well as theorems of Pythagoras, Desargues, Pappas, Menelaus, and Ceva. The final chapter covers consistency and independence of axioms, as well as independence of definition properties. There are over 300 exercises; solutions to many of these, including all that are needed for this development, are available online at the homepage for the book at www.springer.com. Supplementary material is available online covering construction of complex numbers, arc length, the circular functions, angle measure, and the polygonal form of the Jordan Curve theorem. Euclidean Geometry and Its Subgeometries is intended for advanced students and mature mathematicians, but the proofs are thoroughly worked out to make it accessible to undergraduate students as well. It can be regarded as a completion, updating, and expansion of Hilbert's work, filling a gap in the existing literature.
Geometry
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Author : Israel M. Gelfand
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-02-22
Geometry written by Israel M. Gelfand and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-22 with Mathematics categories.
This text is the fifth and final in the series of educational books written by Israel Gelfand with his colleagues for high school students. These books cover the basics of mathematics in a clear and simple format – the style Gelfand was known for internationally. Gelfand prepared these materials so as to be suitable for independent studies, thus allowing students to learn and practice the material at their own pace without a class. Geometry takes a different approach to presenting basic geometry for high-school students and others new to the subject. Rather than following the traditional axiomatic method that emphasizes formulae and logical deduction, it focuses on geometric constructions. Illustrations and problems are abundant throughout, and readers are encouraged to draw figures and “move” them in the plane, allowing them to develop and enhance their geometrical vision, imagination, and creativity. Chapters are structured so that only certain operations and the instruments to perform these operations are available for drawing objects and figures on the plane. This structure corresponds to presenting, sequentially, projective, affine, symplectic, and Euclidean geometries, all the while ensuring students have the necessary tools to follow along. Geometry is suitable for a large audience, which includes not only high school geometry students, but also teachers and anyone else interested in improving their geometrical vision and intuition, skills useful in many professions. Similarly, experienced mathematicians can appreciate the book’s unique way of presenting plane geometry in a simple form while adhering to its depth and rigor. “Gelfand was a great mathematician and also a great teacher. The book provides an atypical view of geometry. Gelfand gets to the intuitive core of geometry, to the phenomena of shapes and how they move in the plane, leading us to a better understanding of what coordinate geometry and axiomatic geometry seek to describe.” - Mark Saul, PhD, Executive Director, Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival “The subject matter is presented as intuitive, interesting and fun. No previous knowledge of the subject is required. Starting from the simplest concepts and by inculcating in the reader the use of visualization skills, [and] after reading the explanations and working through the examples, you will be able to confidently tackle the interesting problems posed. I highly recommend the book to any person interested in this fascinating branch of mathematics.” - Ricardo Gorrin, a student of the Extended Gelfand Correspondence Program in Mathematics (EGCPM)
Geometry Of Vector Sheaves
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Author : Anastasios Mallios
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Geometry Of Vector Sheaves written by Anastasios Mallios and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
This two-volume monograph obtains fundamental notions and results of the standard differential geometry of smooth (CINFINITY) manifolds, without using differential calculus. Here, the sheaf-theoretic character is emphasised. This has theoretical advantages such as greater perspective, clarity and unification, but also practical benefits ranging from elementary particle physics, via gauge theories and theoretical cosmology (`differential spaces'), to non-linear PDEs (generalised functions). Thus, more general applications, which are no longer `smooth' in the classical sense, can be coped with. The treatise might also be construed as a new systematic endeavour to confront the ever-increasing notion that the `world around us is far from being smooth enough'. Audience: This work is intended for postgraduate students and researchers whose work involves differential geometry, global analysis, analysis on manifolds, algebraic topology, sheaf theory, cohomology, functional analysis or abstract harmonic analysis.