Azimuthal Anisotropy In Gold Gold Collisions At 4 5 Gev Center Of Mass Energy Per Nucleon Pair Using Fixed Target Mode At The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

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Azimuthal Anisotropy In Gold Gold Collisions At 4 5 Gev Center Of Mass Energy Per Nucleon Pair Using Fixed Target Mode At The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

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Author : Yang Wu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Azimuthal Anisotropy In Gold Gold Collisions At 4 5 Gev Center Of Mass Energy Per Nucleon Pair Using Fixed Target Mode At The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider written by Yang Wu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Anisotropy categories.

Azimuthal Anisotropy In Heavy Ion Collisions

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Author : Yadav Pandit
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Azimuthal Anisotropy In Heavy Ion Collisions written by Yadav Pandit and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Anisotropy categories.

STAR (Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC) is one of two large detectors along the ring of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Experiments that collide heavy nuclei at high energy have been taking data at RHIC since the year 2000. The main goal of RHIC has been to search for a new phase of matter called the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), and to determine its properties, including the phase diagram that governs the relationship between QGP and more conventional hadronic matter. This dissertation has a particular focus on analysis of STAR measurements of the anisotropy of particle emission over a range of colliding energies, and these particular measurements are made possible by a unique application of a detector subsystem called Beam-Beam Counters (BBCs), which are placed close to the beam lines on both sides of the collision region. This project has involved development of software that uses the hit pattern of charged particles in the BBCs to determine the collision reaction plane, for use in measurements of anisotropy. Anisotropic flow sheds light on the early partonic system, and according to models, is minimally distorted during the post-partonic stages of the collision. In this anisotropic flow analysis, the estimated reaction plane of each event is reconstructed using the BBC signals, which have a large rapidity gap between them. There is also a large rapidity gap between each BBC and the STAR Time Projection Chamber (the main STAR subsystem for measuring particle tracks). These large rapidity gaps allow us to measure correlations relative to the reaction plane with the least possible systematic error from what is known as "non-flow", i.e., background correlations unrelated to the reaction plane. Flow correlations are normally reported in terms Fourier coefficients, v1, v2, etc. Di- rected flow is quantified by the first harmonic (v1) in the Fourier expansion of the particle's azimuthal distribution with respect to the reaction plane. Elliptic flow is the name given to the second harmonic (v2), and triangular flow is the name for the third harmonic (v3). These harmonic coefficients carry information on the very early stages of the collision. The v1 component is emphasized in this dissertation, and the BBC information that is a unique feature of this work is especially important for v1 measurements. Until recently, higher-order odd harmonics were overlooked. These odd flow harmonics carry valuable information about the initial-state fluctuations of the colliding system. This dissertation includes a study of the flow harmonic related to dipole asymmetry and triangularity in the initial geometry.

The First Harmonic Anisotropy Of Charmed Mesons In 200 Gev Au Au Collisions

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Author : Fareha G. A. Atetalla
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021

The First Harmonic Anisotropy Of Charmed Mesons In 200 Gev Au Au Collisions written by Fareha G. A. Atetalla and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.

At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Long Island, NY, the main goal of research into heavy-ion collisions has been to understand Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) in conditions of extreme temperature and energy density. At ordinary temperatures, the quarks and gluons are confined within particles like protons and neutrons, but at very high temperatures and densities, a new deconfined phase of quarks and gluons is created. This new phase is known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP).Quarks with the quantum numbers "charm" and "bottom" are relatively massive and are produced only rarely, and this category is called heavy flavor. Heavy-flavor measurements deepen our understanding of the properties and nature of the excited QGP state. Heavy-flavor particles are unique probes for studies of the hot and dense QGP medium created in high-energy collisions, as they are produced early in the evolution of the collision.STAR (Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC) is now the last operational detector at the RHIC facility, and was constructed and is operated by a large international collaboration. The STAR collaboration is composed of 68 institutions from 14 countries, with a total of 743 collaborators. In 2014, STAR employed a new silicon pixel technology detector named the Heavy Flavor Tracker (HFT). The HFT has separate layers of silicon to guide tracks reconstructed in the main tracking detector of STAR (the Time Projection Chamber) down to a spatial resolution of around 30 [mu]m in the region near the center of STAR where the collisions occur, which allows particles with very short lifetimes (notably heavy flavor particles) to be identified.In this dissertation, I use the HFT to measure particles with the charm quantum number. This work also involves using a pair of calorimeter detectors at a polar angle of zero degrees to estimate the azimuthal angle of the reaction plane in each collision. About 2.2 billion collisions are in the dataset being studied. These measurements allow the azimuthal anisotropy (flow) of charmed particles to be studied. The results are compared to similar studies involving light quarks and the predictions of several theoretical models. My results show a surprisingly large first Fourier harmonic in the anisotropy for particles with charm compared with particles with lighter flavors (strange, up, down). Specifically, the signal for charm is about 30 times larger, and no model comes anywhere close to predicting this pattern.

Azimuthal Anisotropy Of Different Quark Flavored Particles In High Energy Simulated Proton Proton Collisions

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Author : Mahmoud Rateb
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023

Azimuthal Anisotropy Of Different Quark Flavored Particles In High Energy Simulated Proton Proton Collisions written by Mahmoud Rateb and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Anisotropy categories.

Abstract: Anisotropic flow in high energy heavy-ion collisions is taken as a key evidence for the formation of QGP for brief seconds right after the collisions. Hydrodynamic models including QGP formation are accurate at predicting the azimuthal anisotropy of the produced particles at low transverse momenta. At high momenta however, hydrodynamic models predict no azimuthal anisotropy for particles of different masses and quark-flavors; the logic being that because of their high momenta, the particles pass through the media without having any time to have any reactivity. This is contrary to results from experiments where measurements of particles of different quark flavors show non-zero elliptic flow. To study this deviation, we run PYTHIA simulation of proton-proton collisions at center- of-mass energies equivalent to those at RHIC and LHC; 200 GeV and 13 TeV. Since in PYTHIA simulations no QGP if formed, and there is no final-state interaction, results in our simulation would act as probes to be compared to the results of elliptic flow from real experiments. Our results showed non-zero results for the elliptic flow of pions, heavy mesons and direct photons. Those results are evident of the possible bias in the way the reaction plane is calculated, since all the other factors are controlled for in the PYTHIA simulations. To make up for this inherent bias, the results from PYTHIA should be subtracted from the results of elliptic flow in real experiments, to end up with unbiased results for elliptic flow from the different colliders.

Azimuthal Correlations Of Pions In Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions At 1 Gev Nucl

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995

Azimuthal Correlations Of Pions In Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions At 1 Gev Nucl written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.

Azimuthal Anisotropy In U U Collisions At Star

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Azimuthal Anisotropy In U U Collisions At Star written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.

The azimuthal anisotropy of particle production is commonly used in high-energy nuclear collisions to study the early evolution of the expanding system. The prolate shape of uranium nuclei makes it possible to study how the geometry of the colliding nuclei affects final state anisotropies. It also provides a unique opportunity to understand how entropy is produced in heavy ion collisions. In this paper, the two- and four- particle cumulant v2 (v2{2} and v2{4}) from U+U collisions at √sNN = 193 GeV and Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV for inclusive charged hadrons will be presented. The STAR Zero Degree Calorimeters are used to select very central collisions. Differences were observed between the multiplicity dependence of v2{2} for most central Au+Au and U+U collisions. The multiplicity dependence of v2{2} in central collisions were compared to Monte Carlo Glauber model predictions and it was seen that this model cannot explain the present results. (auth).

Strangelet Search At The Bnl Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Strangelet Search At The Bnl Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.

We have searched for strangelets in a triggered sample of 61 million central (top 4percent) Au+Au collisions at sqrt sNN = 200 GeV near beam rapidities at the STAR solenoidal tracker detector at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. We have sensitivity to metastable strangelets with lifetimes of order>_0.1 ns, in contrast to limits over ten times longer in BNL Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) studies and longer still at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). Upper limits of a few 10-6 to 10-7 per central Au+Au collision are set for strangelets with mass>~;;30 GeV/c2.