Balancing Scientific Openness And National Security Controls At The Nuclear Weapons Laboratories
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Balancing Scientific Openness And National Security Controls At The Nuclear Weapons Laboratories
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Author : National Academy of Engineering
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-01-08
Balancing Scientific Openness And National Security Controls At The Nuclear Weapons Laboratories written by National Academy of Engineering and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This report addresses consequences of current and proposed restrictions on international contacts by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) national laboratories and explores methods of best serving national security through positive new scientific advances facilitated by international communication among scientists, through scientific contacts to further non-proliferation, and through careful protection of crucial classified information from foreign espionage. The report summarizes a symposium that examined: the role of the DOE's national laboratories in national security and the contributions by foreign laboratories and scientists, proposals for amending security policies of the weapons laboratories in regard to contact with foreign laboratories and scientists, and the risks and benefits of scientific openness in this context. Finally, the report reviews current policies and proposals designed to enhance security at the weapons laboratories, primarily those related to restrictions on foreign contacts by DOE scientists.
Export Controls
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Author : Bert Chapman
language : en
Publisher: University Press of America
Release Date : 2013-10-30
Export Controls written by Bert Chapman and has been published by University Press of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-30 with History categories.
International trade plays an enormous role in economic growth and prosperity. This activity can also be used to transfer military equipment, knowledge, and technology to hostile governments and transnational terrorist and criminal organizations seeking to attack and destroy their enemies. The U.S. and other countries have used economic sanctions such as export controls to try to restrict and eliminate the transfer of weapons and financial assets to these governments and organizations. This work examines how the U.S. has attempted to restrict the export of national security sensitive equipment, finance, knowledge, and technology since World War II with varying degrees of success and failure. It also examines how multiple U.S. Government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and international government organizations seek to influence U.S. international trade, foreign, and security policies while concluding that some export controls are essential for promoting and defending U.S. national security interests.
The Global Politics Of Science And Technology Vol 1
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Author : Maximilian Mayer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-08-20
The Global Politics Of Science And Technology Vol 1 written by Maximilian Mayer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-20 with Political Science categories.
An increasing number of scholars have begun to see science and technology as relevant issues in International Relations (IR), acknowledging the impact of material elements, technical instruments, and scientific practices on international security, statehood, and global governance. This two-volume collection brings the debate about science and technology to the center of International Relations. It shows how integrating science and technology translates into novel analytical frameworks, conceptual approaches and empirical puzzles, and thereby offers a state-of-the-art review of various methodological and theoretical ways in which sciences and technologies matter for the study of international affairs and world politics. The authors not only offer a set of practical examples of research frameworks for experts and students alike, but also propose a conceptual space for interdisciplinary learning in order to improve our understanding of the global politics of science and technology. This first volume summarizes various time-tested approaches for studying the global politics of science and technology from an IR perspective. It also provides empirical, theoretical, and conceptual interventions from geography, history, innovation studies, and science and technology studies that indicate ways to enhance and rearticulate IR approaches. In addition, several interviews advance possibilities of multi-disciplinary collaboration.
Nasa In The World
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Author : John Krige
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-08-20
Nasa In The World written by John Krige and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-20 with History categories.
Since its inception, NASA has participated in over 4,000 international projects, yet historians have almost entirely neglected this remarkable aspect of the agency's work. This groundbreaking work is the first to trace NASA's history in a truly international context, drawing on unprecedented access to agency archives and personnel.
Rising Above The Gathering Storm
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2007-04-08
Rising Above The Gathering Storm written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-04-08 with Political Science categories.
In a world where advanced knowledge is widespread and low-cost labor is readily available, U.S. advantages in the marketplace and in science and technology have begun to erode. A comprehensive and coordinated federal effort is urgently needed to bolster U.S. competitiveness and pre-eminence in these areas. This congressionally requested report by a pre-eminent committee makes four recommendations along with 20 implementation actions that federal policy-makers should take to create high-quality jobs and focus new science and technology efforts on meeting the nation's needs, especially in the area of clean, affordable energy: 1) Increase America's talent pool by vastly improving K-12 mathematics and science education; 2) Sustain and strengthen the nation's commitment to long-term basic research; 3) Develop, recruit, and retain top students, scientists, and engineers from both the U.S. and abroad; and 4) Ensure that the United States is the premier place in the world for innovation. Some actions will involve changing existing laws, while others will require financial support that would come from reallocating existing budgets or increasing them. Rising Above the Gathering Storm will be of great interest to federal and state government agencies, educators and schools, public decision makers, research sponsors, regulatory analysts, and scholars.
Science Technology And Global Economic Competitiveness
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Science Technology And Global Economic Competitiveness written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Business & Economics categories.
Beyond Fortress America
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-05-30
Beyond Fortress America written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-30 with Political Science categories.
The national security controls that regulate access to and export of science and technology are broken. As currently structured, many of these controls undermine our national and homeland security and stifle American engagement in the global economy, and in science and technology. These unintended consequences arise from policies that were crafted for an earlier era. In the name of maintaining superiority, the U.S. now runs the risk of becoming less secure, less competitive and less prosperous. Beyond "Fortress America" provides an account of the costs associated with building walls that hamper our access to global science and technology that dampen our economic potential. The book also makes recommendations to reform the export control process, ensure scientific and technological competitiveness, and improve the non-immigrant visa system that regulates entry into the United States of foreign science and engineering students, scholars, and professionals. Beyond "Fortress America" contains vital information and action items for the President and policy makers that will affect the United States' ability to compete globally. Interested parties-including military personnel, engineers, scientists, professionals, industrialists, and scholars-will find this book a valuable tool for stemming a serious decline affecting broad areas of the nation's security and economy.
Ethical And Philosophical Consideration Of The Dual Use Dilemma In The Biological Sciences
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Author : Seumas Miller
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-07-30
Ethical And Philosophical Consideration Of The Dual Use Dilemma In The Biological Sciences written by Seumas Miller and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-30 with Philosophy categories.
What Is the Dual-Use Dilemma? The so-called “dual-use dilemma” arises in the context of research in the biological and other sciences as a consequence of the fact that one and the same piece of sci- tific research sometimes has the potential to be used for harm as well as for good. A dual-use dilemma is an ethical dilemma, and an ethical dilemma for the researcher (and for those who have the power or authority to assist or impede the researcher’s work, e. g. , governments). It is an ethical dilemma since it is about promoting good in the context of the potential for also causing harm, e. g. , the p- motion of health in the context of providing the wherewithal for the killing of in- cents. It is an ethical dilemma for the researcher not because he or she is aiming at anything other than a good outcome; typically, the researcher intends no harm, but only good. Rather, the dilemma arises for the researcher because of the potential actions of others. Malevolent non-researchers might steal dangerous biological agents produced by the researcher; alternatively, other researchers—or at least their governments or leadership—might use the results of the original researcher’s work for malevolent purposes. The malevolent purposes in question include bioterrorism, biowarfare and blackmail for financial gain.
Science And Technology In The Global Cold War
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Author : Naomi Oreskes
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2014-10-31
Science And Technology In The Global Cold War written by Naomi Oreskes and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-31 with Science categories.
Investigations of how the global Cold War shaped national scientific and technological practices in fields from biomedicine to rocket science. The Cold War period saw a dramatic expansion of state-funded science and technology research. Government and military patronage shaped Cold War technoscientific practices, imposing methods that were project oriented, team based, and subject to national-security restrictions. These changes affected not just the arms race and the space race but also research in agriculture, biomedicine, computer science, ecology, meteorology, and other fields. This volume examines science and technology in the context of the Cold War, considering whether the new institutions and institutional arrangements that emerged globally constrained technoscientific inquiry or offered greater opportunities for it. The contributors find that whatever the particular science, and whatever the political system in which that science was operating, the knowledge that was produced bore some relation to the goals of the nation-state. These goals varied from nation to nation; weapons research was emphasized in the United States and the Soviet Union, for example, but in France and China scientific independence and self-reliance dominated. The contributors also consider to what extent the changes to science and technology practices in this era were produced by the specific politics, anxieties, and aspirations of the Cold War. Contributors Elena Aronova, Erik M. Conway, Angela N. H. Creager, David Kaiser, John Krige, Naomi Oreskes, George Reisch, Sigrid Schmalzer, Sonja D. Schmid, Matthew Shindell, Asif A. Siddiqi, Zuoyue Wang, Benjamin Wilson
Nominations To The Executive Office Of The President And The Department Of Commerce
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Nominations To The Executive Office Of The President And The Department Of Commerce written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Political Science categories.