Banking Policy In Japan
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Banking Policy In Japan
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Author : William M Tsutsui
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-11-01
Banking Policy In Japan written by William M Tsutsui and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The unique Japanese banking system has contributed greatly to Japan’s post-war economic advance by investing aggressively in industry and by supporting close government-business relations. The banking sector might not have come to assume such a significant role, however, had American efforts to reform Japanese finance during the Occupation (1945-52) been successful. How Japan’s banking system maintained continuity of development and avoided the occupiers’ attempts at "democratisation" and "Americanisation" is the subject of this book. It explores why the Americans were committed to reform, the reasons they failed and how important the maintenance of the financial status quo was to the subsequent development of Japan’s "miracle" economy.
Informality And Monetary Policy In Japan
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Author : Adrian van Rixtel
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2002-10-31
Informality And Monetary Policy In Japan written by Adrian van Rixtel and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-10-31 with Business & Economics categories.
The success (and misfortunes) of the post-war Japanese economy has been one of the most debated points in modern economics. Many explanations focus on cultural and institutional factors, and in particular the role of 'Informality' (networks organizing business activity and government policy). Adrian van Rixtel, an economist at the European Central Bank, provides a quantitative and qualitative assessment of Informality in the formation of Japanese monetary policy. Having been based in Japan for three years, two years of which were spent at the Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies at the Bank of Japan and the Japanese Ministry of Finance, he is able to bring a unique 'insider-outsider' perspective to the subject.
Japan
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2000-11-02
Japan written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-02 with Business & Economics categories.
Fiscal policy has been strongly expansionary for most of the past decade in Japan. The resulting strain on public finances has made stimulus policies more difficult to maintain. The stance of monetary policy has remained unchanged over the past year. Further progress in resolving banking problems is essential given the plan to remove blanket deposit insurance in April 2002 and to lay the foundation for sustained growth. The paper discusses recent developments in the field of structural reform and deregulation in Japan.
Monetary Policy In Japan
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Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
language : en
Publisher: Paris
Release Date : 1972
Monetary Policy In Japan written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and has been published by Paris this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Business & Economics categories.
This study shows how Japanese economic cycles were influenced by monetary policy and why Japanese experience appears to differ in this respect from that of other countries. The study is focused on the period 1960-1970, with occasional references to factors which, in 1971, tended to modify the background to Japanese monetary policy significantly.
Policy Based Finance Financial Regulation And Financial Sector Development In Japan
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Author : Dimitri Vittas
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Policy Based Finance Financial Regulation And Financial Sector Development In Japan written by Dimitri Vittas and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
April 1995 Is Japan a good model for developing countries? Certainly macroeconomic stability, good information systems, effective monitoring, and financial discipline are essential for smooth-functioning, efficient financial systems. But is there scope for state intervention in organizing the financial system and using well-designed, narrowly focused directed credit programs in the transition from malfunctioning financial systems to modern, efficient ones? The Japanese government's role in creating a macroeconomic and financial environment conducive to rapid industrialization and economic growth went beyond maintaining price stability, say Vittas and Kawaura. The government created a stable but segmented and tightly regulated financial system that favored the financing of industry over other sectors of economic activity. Lending practices, the direction of policy-based finance, and the structure of Japan's financial system changed over time, but one thing stayed constant: the authorities' vision. Some observers maintain that Japanese policies -- emphasizing the development of internationally competitive industries -- retarded economic growth. And government policies were not the only or even the most important factor in Japan's success. One key to success was government agencies' close cooperation with the private sector, and the government's reliance on privately owned and managed corporations to achieve government-favored industrial goals. Japan's financial system was quite different from Anglo-American and continental European financial systems. Vittas and Kawaura discuss some characteristics of the Japanese system in the high growth era: * The preponderant role of indirect finance. * The overloan position of large commercial banks. * The overborrowing of industrial companies. * Artificially low interest rates. * The segmentation and fragmentation of the financial system. * The underdevelopment of securities markets and institutional investors. * The key role played by the main bank system. * The close relations between banks and industry. * The different roles debt and equity played in the Japanese system. * The role large conglomerate groups, especially general trading companies, played in channeling funds to small firms at the industrial periphery. * The role of policy-based financial institutions. These features evolved in the context of high savings rates and an accumulation of assets, mobilized mostly through deposit institutions, including the postal savings system, and transformed into short- and long-term and risky loans through commercial and long-term credit banks as well as specialized government financial institutions. Are hard work and good management the secrets of Japan's success? Hard work may be as much a symptom as a cause of economic success, say Vittas and Kawaura. But good management has unquestionably been a key to Japan's economic success. Whether Japan's approach is better than others is more difficult to answer. Japan may have overtaken several European countries but was still lagging behind the United States and a few European countries in per capita income expressed in purchasing power parity terms. And although the Japanese approach played a significant part in promoting industrialization and accelerating economic growth during the period of reconstruction and high growth, it also entailed significant long-term costs -- in terms of poor-quality housing and other urban infrastructure, for example. And the excesses of the 1980s and Japan's current economic recession undermine claims about its ability to continuously outperform other countries. This paper -- a product of the Financial Sector Development Department -- is part of a project to study the effectiveness of credit policies in East Asia. Dimitri Vittas may be contacted at dvittas@worldbank.org.
Financial Policy And Central Banking In Japan
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Author : Thomas F. Cargill
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2001-01-03
Financial Policy And Central Banking In Japan written by Thomas F. Cargill and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-03 with Business & Economics categories.
This book analyzes how the bank-dominated financial system—a key element of the oft-heralded "Japanese economic model"—broke down in the 1990s and spawned sweeping reforms. Japan's financial institutions and policy underwent remarkable change in the past decade. The country began the 1990s with a heavily regulated financial system managed by an unchallenged Ministry of Finance and ended the decade with a Big Bang financial market reform, a complete restructuring of its regulatory financial institutions, and an independent central bank. These reforms have taken place amid recession and rising unemployment, collapsing asset prices, a looming banking crisis, and the lowest interest rates in the industrial world. This book analyzes how the bank-dominated financial system—a key element of the oft-heralded "Japanese economic model"—broke down in the 1990s and spawned sweeping reforms. It documents the sources of the Japanese economic stagnation of the 1990s, the causes of the financial crisis, the slow and initially limited policy response to banking problems, and the reform program that followed. It also evaluates the new financial structure and reforms at the Bank of Japan in light of the challenges facing the Japanese economy. These challenges range from conducting monetary policy in a zero-interest rate environment characterized by a "liquidity trap" to managing consolidation in the Japanese banking sector against the backdrop of increasing international competition.
Bank Of Japan Act
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Author : The Government of Japan
language : en
Publisher: DigiCat
Release Date : 2022-07-21
Bank Of Japan Act written by The Government of Japan and has been published by DigiCat this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-21 with Law categories.
'The Bank of Japan Act' is the act of the Japanese Parliament that created the current version of the Bank of Japan. The Bank of Japan was reorganized in May 1942, under the Bank of Japan Act of 1942. According to its charter, the missions of the Bank of Japan are: Issuance and management of banknotes, Implementation of monetary policy, providing settlement services and ensuring the stability of the financial system, Treasury and government securities-related operations, International activities and the compilation of data, economic analyses and research activities for the Japanese economy.
Unconventional Monetary Policy And Financial Stability
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Author : Alexis Stenfors
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-07-15
Unconventional Monetary Policy And Financial Stability written by Alexis Stenfors and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Since the financial crisis of 2008-09, central bankers around the world have been forced to abandon conventional monetary policy tools in favour of unconventional policies such as quantitative easing, forward guidance, lowering the interest rate paid on bank reserves into negative territory, and pushing up prices of government bonds. Having faced a crisis in its banking sector nearly a decade earlier, Japan was a pioneer in the use of many of these tools. Unconventional Monetary Policy and Financial Stability critically assesses the measures used by Japan and examines what they have meant for the theory and practice of economic policy. The book shows how in practice unconventional monetary policy has worked through its impact on the financial markets. The text aims to generate an understanding of why such measures were introduced and how the Japanese system has subsequently changed regarding aspects such as governance and corporate balance sheets. It provides a comprehensive study of developments in Japanese money markets with the intent to understand the impact of policy on the debt structures that appear to have caused Japan’s deflation. The topics covered range from central bank communication and policymaking to international financial markets and bank balance sheets. This text is of great interest to students and scholars of banking, international finance, financial markets, political economy, and the Japanese economy.
Financial Crisis And Bank Management In Japan 1997 To 2016
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Author : Mitsuhiko Nakano
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-22
Financial Crisis And Bank Management In Japan 1997 To 2016 written by Mitsuhiko Nakano and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-22 with Business & Economics categories.
This book explores the challenges faced by the Japanese economy and the Japanese banking industry following the financial crisis that emerged around the turn of the last millennium. The author explores how the Japanese financial crisis of the late 1990s engendered huge restructuring efforts in the banking industry, which eventually led to even more sweeping changes of the economic system and long-term deflation in the 2000s. The discussion begins with an overview of the unconventional monetary policy launched by the Bank of Japan at this time, while banking administrative policies maintained their strict code of governance. The author describes how, just as recovery seemed possible, the twin disasters of the Lehman shock and the Great East Japan Earthquake buffeted the recovering economy, and pushed Japan again into deflation. The book also looks to the very recent past, with the sudden advent of Abenomics in 2013, with its three-pronged approach, which was intended to break the deflationary mindset. Finally, the author projects what the future of the banking industry in Japan might encompass, as looming demographic changes gradually threaten both the economy and the banking industry.
Japan S Lost Decade
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Author : Mr.Tim Callen
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-02-13
Japan S Lost Decade written by Mr.Tim Callen and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-02-13 with Business & Economics categories.
Japan’s weak economic performance in the 1990s has had implications not only for its own people, but for the world economy more generally, given Japan’s importance as a trading partner and supplier of capital. Therefore, it is essential that Japan unlock its growth potential. The IMF has worked with the Japanese authorities to identify the policies needed to bring Japan’s economy out of its recent slump. This book contributes to this ongoing debate, whose major topics include the need for an integrated policy strategy based on the decisive restructuring of the banking and corporate sectors, combined with macroeconomic policies designed to bring an end to deflation.