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Barriers To Increased Coal Utilization

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Barriers To Increased Coal Utilization

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Author : Donald Bruce Peterson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985

Barriers To Increased Coal Utilization written by Donald Bruce Peterson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Acid rain categories.

Barriers To Increased Coal Utilization

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Author : Donald Bruce Peterson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985

Barriers To The Increased Utilization Of Coal Combustion

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Barriers To The Increased Utilization Of Coal Combustion written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.

The following conclusions are drawn from the information presented in this report: (1) Joint efforts by industry and government focused on meeting RTC recommendations for reduction/removal of barriers have met with some success. The most notable of these are the changes in regulations related to CCB utilization by individual states. Regionally or nationally consistent state regulation of CCB utilization would further reduce regulatory barriers. (2) Technology changes will continue to be driven by the CAAA, and emission control technologies are expected to continue to impact the type and properties of CCBs generated. As a result, continued RD and D will be needed to learn how to utilize new and changing CCBs in environmentally safe, technically sound, and economically advantageous ways. Clean coal technology CCBs offer a new challenge because of the high volumes expected to be generated and the different characteristics of these CCBs compared to those of conventional CCBs. (3) Industry and government have developed the RD and D infrastructure to address the technical aspects of developing and testing new CCB utilization applications, but this work as well as constant quality control/quality assurance testing needs to be continued to address both industry wide issues and issues related to specific materials, regions, or users. (4) Concerns raised by environmental groups and the public will continue to provide environmental and technical challenges to the CCB industry. It is anticipated that the use of CCBs in mining applications, agriculture, structural fills, and other land applications will continue to be controversial and will require case-by-case technical and environmental information to be developed. The best use of this information will be in the development of generic regulations specifically addressing the use of CCBs in these different types of CCB applications. (5) The development of federal procurement guidelines under Executive Order 12873 titled ''Federal Acquisition, Recycling and Waste Prevention, '' in October 1993 was a positive step toward getting CCBs accepted in the marketplace. Industry needs to continue to work with EPA to develop additional procurement guidelines for products containing CCBs--and to take advantage of existing guidelines to encourage the use of CCBs in high-profile projects. (6) Accelerated progress toward increased utilization of CCBs can be made only if there is an increased financial commitment and technical effort by industry and government. The framework for this has been set by the successful cooperation of industry and government under DOE leadership. Cooperation should continue, with DOE fulfilling its lead role established in the RTC. It is clear that the RTC recommendations continue to have validity with respect to increasing CCB utilization and continue to provide guidance to industry and government agencies.

Barriers To The Increased Utilization Of Coal Combustion Desulfurization By Products By Government And Commercial Section

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Author : Everett A. Sondreal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993

Barriers To The Increased Utilization Of Coal Combustion Desulfurization By Products By Government And Commercial Section written by Everett A. Sondreal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Coal categories.

Barriers To The Increased Utilization Of Coal Combustion Desulfurization Byproducts By Government And Commercial Sectors

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Author : Morgantown Energy Technology Center
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994

Barriers To The Increased Utilization Of Coal Combustion Desulfurization Byproducts By Government And Commercial Sectors written by Morgantown Energy Technology Center and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Coal categories.

Barriers To Increased Coal Utilization

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Author : Donald Bruce Peterson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985

Barriers To The Increased Utilization Of Coal Combustion Desulfurization By Products By Government And Commercial Sectors

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Author : University of North Dakota. Energy and Environmental Research Center
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993

Barriers To The Increased Utilization Of Coal Combustion Desulfurization By Products By Government And Commercial Sectors written by University of North Dakota. Energy and Environmental Research Center and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Coal categories.

An Assessment Of National Consequences Of Increased Coal Utilization Executive Summary

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Author : United States. Department of Energy. Division of Technology Assessments
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979

An Assessment Of National Consequences Of Increased Coal Utilization Executive Summary written by United States. Department of Energy. Division of Technology Assessments and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Coal categories.

The Political Economy Of Coal

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Author : Michael Jakob
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2022-02-01

The Political Economy Of Coal written by Michael Jakob and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-01 with Nature categories.

This volume provides an overview of the political economy of coal in diverse country contexts. Coal is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions globally, accounting for about 40 percent of energy-related CO2 emissions. Continued construction of coal-fired power plants could make the climate targets of the Paris Agreement infeasible to achieve. In spite of sharply declining costs for renewable energy sources, many countries still heavily rely on coal to meet their energy demand. The predominance of coal can only be adequately understood in light of the political factors that determine energy policy formulation. To this end, this edited volume assembles a wide variety of case studies exploring the political economy of coal for across the globe. These includes industrial and developing nations, coal importers and exporters as well as countries that are either substantial coal users, are just beginning to ramp up their capacities, or have already initiated a coal phase-out. Importantly, all case studies are structured along a unifying framework that focuses on the central actors driving energy policy formulation, their main objectives as well as the context that determines to what extent they can influence policy making. This large set of comparable studies will permit drawing conclusions regarding key similarities as well as differences driving coal use in different countries. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy, climate change, resource management, and sustainable development. It will also appeal to practitioners and policymakers involved in sustainable development. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial- No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Reducing Coal Subsidies And Trade Barriers

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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Reducing Coal Subsidies And Trade Barriers written by Kym Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

International negotiations for an agreement to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases are unlikely to produce concrete and comprehensive policies for effective emission reductions in the near term, not least because the policy measures being considered are economically very costly to major industries in rich countries and are unlikely to prevent 'leakage' through a re-location of carbon-intensive activities to poorer countries. An alternative or supplementary approach that is more likely to achieve carbon and methane emission reductions, and at the same time generate national and global economic benefits rather than costs, involves lowering coal subsidies and trade barriers. Coal policies have encouraged excessive production of coal in a number of industrial countries and excessive coal consumption in numerous developing and transition economies - when the opposite policies are what are needed to overcome the environmental policies associated with coal mining and burning. These distortionary are currently under review by numerous governments, and in some cases reforms have already begun. This paper documents those distortions and outlines the circumstances under which their reform could not only improve the economy but also lower greenhouse gas emissions globally. It also provides modelling results which quantify the orders of magnitudes that could be involved in reducing those distortions. The effects on economic activity as well as global carbon emissions are examined using the G-Cubed multi-country general equilibrium model of the world economy. Both the gains in economic efficiency and the reductions in carbon dioxide emissions that could result from such reforms are found to be substantial. Even if just Western Europe and Japan were to gradually remove their coal production subsidies and import restrictions by 2005 (let alone raise their currently relatively low tax on coal use and impose a tax on the environmental damage from coal mining), that would lower OECD emissions of carbon dioxide by 13 per cent and global CO2 emissions by 5 per cent. If in addition the currently low domestic price of coal in major non-OECD countries were gradually to be raised to the level in international markets, that would lower their CO2 emissions by 4 per cent and global emissions from these combined reforms by 8 per cent below what would otherwise be the case. More specifically, with the combined reforms global CO2 emissions would rise from 22 billion tonnes in 1990 to a projected 27 instead of almost 30 billion tonnes in 2005. The impact of these reforms on national output and income levels are complicated because, in addition to efficiency gains, removing price distortions stimulates terms of trade changes and international capital movements. Western European countries, as net importers of coal, turn their terms of trade against themselves when they reform, which benefits Australia and the coal-exporting transition economies of Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union and China while harming as a group the net coal-importing other developing countries. Both transition and developing economies are projected to be better off when their coal markets also are reformed. The environmental gain from coal market reform is achieved with gains in economic efficiency rather than economic costs - a 'no regrets' outcome or win-win Pareto improvement for the economy and the environment that contrasts markedly with many of the costly proposals currently being advocated to reduce greenhouse gases. Both gains would be even greater if Western European countries raised also their low coal consumer tax rates as they phase out their coal producer subsidies, since those consumer taxes are currently relatively low (presumably to lower the cost to electricity utilities or requiring them to use lower-quality locally mined coal). And both gains would also be enhanced if countries taxed domestic coal production optimally so as to ensure coal mining enterprises compensate society for the pollution they cause. Thankfully the process of lowering coal subsidies and trade barriers has already begun, with some EU economies (most notably Belgium and the UK) already advanced in dismantling their coal production subsidies and others (France and Germany) beginning to do so. And in some transition economies the low prices of coal (and also oil and gas) are gradually being raised. For example, in China many state-owned coal mines are being transferred out of the hands of the state and gradually subjected to domestic market forces. The results in this paper suggest these reforms should be applauded as a positive contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and countries should be encouraged to complete the process.

Barriers To Increased Coal Utilization

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