Bas Van Fraassen S Approach To Representation And Models In Science
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Bas Van Fraassen S Approach To Representation And Models In Science
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Author : Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-02-19
Bas Van Fraassen S Approach To Representation And Models In Science written by Wenceslao J. Gonzalez and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-19 with Science categories.
This book analyzes Bas van Fraassen’s characterization of representation and models in science. In this regard, it presents the philosophical coordinates of his approach and pays attention to his structural empiricism as a framework for his views on scientific representations and models. These are developed here through two new contributions made by van Fraassen. In addition, there are analyses of the relation between models and reality in his approach, where the complexity of this conception is considered in detail. Furthermore, there is an examination of scientific explanation and epistemic values judgments. This volume includes a wealth of bibliographical information on his philosophy and relevant philosophical issues. Bas van Fraassen is a key figure in contemporary philosophy of science, as the prestigious Hempel Award shows. His views on scientific representation offer new ideas on how it should be characterized, and his conception of models shows a novelty that goes beyond other empiricists’ approaches of recent times. Both aspects — the characterization of scientific representation and the conception of models in science — are part of a deliberate attempt to forge a “structural empiricism,” an alternative to structural realism based on an elaborated version of empiricism.
Bas Van Fraassen S Approach To Representation And Models In Science
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Author : Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-03-31
Bas Van Fraassen S Approach To Representation And Models In Science written by Wenceslao J. Gonzalez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-31 with categories.
The Empirical Stance
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Author : Bas C. van Fraassen
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2008-10-01
The Empirical Stance written by Bas C. van Fraassen and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-01 with Philosophy categories.
What is empiricism and what could it be? Bas C. van Fraassen, one of the world’s foremost contributors to philosophical logic and the philosophy of science, here undertakes a fresh consideration of these questions and offers a program for renewal of the empiricist tradition. The empiricist tradition is not and could not be defined by common doctrines, but embodies a certain stance in philosophy, van Fraassen says. This stance is displayed first of all in a searing, recurrent critique of metaphysics, and second in a focus on experience that requires a voluntarist view of belief and opinion. Van Fraassen focuses on the philosophical problems of scientific and conceptual revolutions and on the not unrelated ruptures between religious and secular ways of seeing or conceiving of ourselves. He explores what it is to be or not be secular and points the way toward a new relationship between secularism and science within philosophy.
Brownian Motion And Molecular Reality
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Author : George E. Smith
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-08-14
Brownian Motion And Molecular Reality written by George E. Smith and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-14 with Science categories.
Between 1905 and 1913, French physicist Jean Perrin's experiments on Brownian motion ostensibly put a definitive end to the long debate regarding the real existence of molecules, proving the atomic theory of matter. While Perrin's results had a significant impact at the time, later examination of his experiments questioned whether he really gained experimental access to the molecular realm. The experiments were successful in determining the mean kinetic energy of the granules of Brownian motion; however, the values for molecular magnitudes Perrin inferred from them simply presupposed that the granule mean kinetic energy was the same as the mean molecular kinetic energy in the fluid in which the granules move. This stipulation became increasingly questionable in the years between 1908 and 1913, as significantly lower values for these magnitudes were obtained from other experimental results like alpha-particle emissions, ionization, and Planck's blackbody radiation equation. In this case study in the history and philosophy of science, George E. Smith and Raghav Seth here argue that despite doubts, Perrin's measurements were nevertheless exemplars of theory-mediated measurement-the practice of obtaining values for an inaccessible quantity by inferring them from an accessible proxy via theoretical relationships between them. They argue that it was actually Perrin more than any of his contemporaries who championed this approach during the years in question. The practice of theory-mediated measurement in physics had a long history before 1900, but the concerted efforts of Perrin, Rutherford, Millikan, Planck, and their colleagues led to the central role this form of evidence has had in microphysical research ever since. Seth and Smith's study thus replaces an untenable legend with an account that is not only tenable, but more instructive about what the evidence did and did not show.
New Approaches To Scientific Realism
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Author : Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2020-08-24
New Approaches To Scientific Realism written by Wenceslao J. Gonzalez and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-24 with Philosophy categories.
Scientific realism is at the core of the contemporary philosophical debate on science. This book analyzes new versions of scientific realism. It makes explicit the advantages of scientific realism over alternatives and antagonists, contributes to deciding which of the new approaches better meets the descriptive and the prescriptive criteria, and expands the philosophico-methodological field to take in new topics and disciplines.
Model Based Reasoning In Science And Technology
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Author : Lorenzo Magnani
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-07-01
Model Based Reasoning In Science And Technology written by Lorenzo Magnani and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-01 with Philosophy categories.
This book discusses how scientific and other types of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important or creative changes in theories and concepts. It includes revised contributions presented during the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR’015), held on June 25-27 in Sestri Levante, Italy. The book is divided into three main parts, the first of which focuses on models, reasoning and representation. It highlights key theoretical concepts from an applied perspective, addressing issues concerning information visualization, experimental methods and design. The second part goes a step further, examining abduction, problem solving and reasoning. The respective contributions analyze different types of reasoning, discussing various concepts of inference and creativity and their relationship with experimental data. In turn, the third part reports on a number of historical, epistemological and technological issues. By analyzing possible contradictions in modern research and describing representative case studies in experimental research, this part aims at fostering new discussions and stimulating new ideas. All in all, the book provides researchers and graduate students in the field of applied philosophy, epistemology, cognitive science and artificial intelligence alike with an authoritative snapshot of current theories and applications of model-based reasoning.
Modelling The Energy Transition
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Author : Robert Matthias Erdbeer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-07-05
Modelling The Energy Transition written by Robert Matthias Erdbeer and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-07-05 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This open access book reconfigures Energy Transition as a global discourse from a multidisciplinary perspective. Energy Transition is not only one of the most daring technological endeavours of the present, it is also its new master narrative. Focusing on modelling both as a cultural technique and as a strategy of innovation, the chapters provided in this volume throw into relief the visions, but also the blind spots of modelling the challenges of climate change. Thus, in a rare encounter, major voices from the Sciences and the Humanities, from Energy Systems Design, Mechanical Engineering, Theory of Science, Science and Technology Studies, Literary Studies and the Arts, have gathered here to overcome the cultural divide between the technological and the societal dimensions of this global task. In doing so, they offer a new form of model criticism, pointing to the impacts of what may be termed the ‘Energy Imaginary’ on the technosocial mindsets of our time.
Springer Handbook Of Model Based Science
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Author : Lorenzo Magnani
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-05-22
Springer Handbook Of Model Based Science written by Lorenzo Magnani and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning. It highlights the role of models as mediators between theory and experimentation, and as educational devices, as well as their relevance in testing hypotheses and explanatory functions. The Springer Handbook merges philosophical, cognitive and epistemological perspectives on models with the more practical needs related to the application of this tool across various disciplines and practices. The result is a unique, reliable source of information that guides readers toward an understanding of different aspects of model-based science, such as the theoretical and cognitive nature of models, as well as their practical and logical aspects. The inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity once they are constructed, adopted, and manipulated for different scientific and technological purposes is also discussed. Written by a group of internationally renowned experts in philosophy, the history of science, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive and computer science, physics and life sciences, as well as engineering, architecture, and economics, this Handbook uses numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations to promote a better understanding of the concepts. This also makes it highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds. All in all, the Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science represents the definitive application-oriented reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning.
An Epistemic Foundation For Scientific Realism
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Author : John Wright
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-11-02
An Epistemic Foundation For Scientific Realism written by John Wright and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-02 with Science categories.
This monograph develops a new way of justifying the claims made by science about phenomenon not directly observable by humans, such as atoms and black holes. It details a way of making inferences to the existence and properties of unobservable entities and states of affairs that can be given a probabilistic justification. The inferences used to establish realist claims are not a form of, and neither do they rely on, inference to the best explanation. Scientific Realism maintains that scientific theories and hypotheses refer to real entities, forces, and relations, even if one cannot examine them. But, there are those who doubt these claims. The author develops a novel way of defending Scientific Realism against a range of influential attacks. He argues that in some cases, at least, we can make probabilistically justifiable inferences from observed data to claims about unobservable, theoretical entities. He shows how this enables us to place some scientific realist claims on a firmer epistemological footing than has previously been the case. This also makes it possible to give a unified set of replies to the most common objections to Scientific Realism. The final chapters apply the developed conceptual apparatus to key cases from the history of science and from recent science. One example concerns realism with respect to atoms. Another looks at inferences from recent astronomical data to conclusions about the size and shape of those parts of the universe lying beyond that which we can observe.
Age Of System
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Author : Hunter Heyck
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2015-09
Age Of System written by Hunter Heyck and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09 with Education categories.
In the years after World War II, a new generation of scholars redefined the central concepts and practices of social science in America. Before the Second World War, social scientists struggled to define and defend their disciplines. After the war, “high modern” social scientists harnessed new resources in a quest to create a unified understanding of human behavior—and to remake the world in the image of their new model man. In Age of System, Hunter Heyck explains why social scientists—shaped by encounters with the ongoing “organizational revolution” and its revolutionary technologies of communication and control—embraced a new and extremely influential perspective on science and nature, one that conceived of all things in terms of system, structure, function, organization, and process. He also explores how this emerging unified theory of human behavior implied a troubling similarity between humans and machines, with freighted implications for individual liberty and self-direction. These social scientists trained a generation of decision-makers in schools of business and public administration, wrote the basic textbooks from which millions learned how the economy, society, polity, culture, and even the mind worked, and drafted the position papers, books, and articles that helped set the terms of public discourse in a new era of mass media, think tanks, and issue networks. Drawing on close readings of key texts and a broad survey of more than 1,800 journal articles, Heyck follows the dollars—and the dreams—of a generation of scholars that believed in “the system.” He maps the broad landscape of changes in the social sciences, focusing especially intently on the ideas and practices associated with modernization theory, rational choice theory, and modeling. A highly accomplished historian, Heyck relays this complicated story with unusual clarity.