Bayesian Argumentation
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Bayesian Argumentation
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Author : Frank Zenker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Bayesian Argumentation written by Frank Zenker and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with Philosophy categories.
Relevant to, and drawing from, a range of disciplines, the chapters in this collection show the diversity, and applicability, of research in Bayesian argumentation. Together, they form a challenge to philosophers versed in both the use and criticism of Bayesian models who have largely overlooked their potential in argumentation. Selected from contributions to a multidisciplinary workshop on the topic held in Sweden in 2010, the authors count linguists and social psychologists among their number, in addition to philosophers. They analyze material that includes real-life court cases, experimental research results, and the insights gained from computer models. The volume provides, for the first time, a formal measure of subjective argument strength and argument force, robust enough to allow advocates of opposing sides of an argument to agree on the relative strengths of their supporting reasoning. With papers from leading figures such as Michael Oaksford and Ulrike Hahn, the book comprises recent research conducted at the frontiers of Bayesian argumentation and provides a multitude of examples in which these formal tools can be applied to informal argument. It signals new and impending developments in philosophy, which has seen Bayesian models deployed in formal epistemology and philosophy of science, but has yet to explore the full potential of Bayesian models as a framework in argumentation. In doing so, this revealing anthology looks destined to become a standard teaching text in years to come.
International Handbook Of Thinking And Reasoning
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Author : Linden J. Ball
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-14
International Handbook Of Thinking And Reasoning written by Linden J. Ball and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-14 with Business & Economics categories.
The Routledge International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is an authoritative reference work providing a balanced overview of current scholarship spanning the full breadth of the rapidly developing and expanding field of thinking and reasoning. It contains 35 chapters written by leading international researchers, covering foundational issues as well as state-of-the-art developments in thinking and reasoning research. Topics covered range across all sub-areas of thinking and reasoning, including deduction, induction, abduction, judgment, decision making, argumentation, problem solving, expertise, creativity and rationality. The contributors engage with cutting-edge debates such as the status of dual-process theories of thinking, the role of unconscious, intuitive, emotional and metacognitive processes in thinking, and the importance of probabilistic conceptualisations of thinking and reasoning. Authors also examine the importance of neuroscientific findings in informing theoretical developments, and explore the situated nature of thinking and reasoning across a range of real-world contexts such as mathematics, medicine and science. The Handbook provides a clear sense of the way in which contemporary ideas are challenging traditional viewpoints as "new paradigm of the psychology of reasoning" emerges. This paradigm-shifting research is paving the way toward a richer and more inclusive understanding of thinking and reasoning, where important new questions drive a forward-looking research agenda. It is essential reading for both established researchers in the field of thinking and reasoning as well as advanced students wishing to learn more about both the historical foundations and latest developments in this rapidly growing field.
Computational Models Of Argument
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Author : P. Baroni
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2016-09-02
Computational Models Of Argument written by P. Baroni and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-02 with Computers categories.
Research into computational models of argument is a rich interdisciplinary field involving the study of natural, artificial and theoretical argumentation and requiring openness to interactions with a variety of disciplines, ranging from philosophy and cognitive science to formal logic and graph theory. The ultimate aim is to support the development of computer-based systems able to engage in argumentation-related activities, either with human users or among themselves. This book presents the proceedings of the sixth biennial International Conference on Computational Models of Argument (COMMA 2016), held in Potsdam, Germany, on 12- 16 September. The aim of the COMMA conferences is to bring together researchers interested in computational models of argument and the representation of argumentation structures in natural language texts, with special attention to contributions concerning emerging trends and the development of new connections with other areas. The book contains the 25 full papers, 17 short papers and 10 demonstration abstracts presented at the conference, together with 3 invited talks. Subjects covered include abstract, bipolar and structured argumentation, quantitative approaches and their connections with formalisms like Bayesian networks and fuzzy logic, multi-agent scenarios, algorithms and solvers, and mining arguments in text, dialogue, and social media. The book provides an overview of current research and developments in the field of computational models of argument, and will be essential reading for all those with an interest in the field.
The Handbook Of Rationality
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Author : Markus Knauff
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-12-14
The Handbook Of Rationality written by Markus Knauff and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-14 with Psychology categories.
The first reference on rationality that integrates accounts from psychology and philosophy, covering descriptive and normative theories from both disciplines. Both analytic philosophy and cognitive psychology have made dramatic advances in understanding rationality, but there has been little interaction between the disciplines. This volume offers the first integrated overview of the state of the art in the psychology and philosophy of rationality. Written by leading experts from both disciplines, The Handbook of Rationality covers the main normative and descriptive theories of rationality—how people ought to think, how they actually think, and why we often deviate from what we can call rational. It also offers insights from other fields such as artificial intelligence, economics, the social sciences, and cognitive neuroscience. The Handbook proposes a novel classification system for researchers in human rationality, and it creates new connections between rationality research in philosophy, psychology, and other disciplines. Following the basic distinction between theoretical and practical rationality, the book first considers the theoretical side, including normative and descriptive theories of logical, probabilistic, causal, and defeasible reasoning. It then turns to the practical side, discussing topics such as decision making, bounded rationality, game theory, deontic and legal reasoning, and the relation between rationality and morality. Finally, it covers topics that arise in both theoretical and practical rationality, including visual and spatial thinking, scientific rationality, how children learn to reason rationally, and the connection between intelligence and rationality.
Computational Models Of Argument
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Author : Chris Reed
language : en
Publisher: Sage Publications Limited
Release Date : 2024-09-15
Computational Models Of Argument written by Chris Reed and has been published by Sage Publications Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-15 with Computers categories.
This book presents the proceedings of COMMA 2024, the 10th biennial International Conference on Computational Models of Argument, held from 18 to 20 September 2024 in Hagen, Germany. The COMMA conference series provides a dedicated forum for the presentation and discussion of the latest advancements in this interdisciplinary field, covering basic research, systems and innovative applications and nurturing the steady growth of interest in computational-argumentation research worldwide. A total of 63 submissions was received for the conference, and after a thorough review process 26 were accepted as full papers, with a further 12 accepted as demos accompanied by an extended abstract, and 2 as full papers with accompanying demo, resulting in an acceptance rate of 53% for full papers and 63% for papers and demo abstracts combined. In addition to these 40 papers, extended abstracts of the 3 invited talks are also included here: Semantics in Argumentation: Classifications and Challenges, by Leila Amgoud; Expanding the Scope of Bayesian Argumentation, by Ulrike Hahn; and The Long Road to Trustworthy Natural Language Argumentation, by Serena Villata. The book provides a fascinating overview of current research and innovations, and will be of interest to all those working in the field.
Aixia 2021 Advances In Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Stefania Bandini
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-07-18
Aixia 2021 Advances In Artificial Intelligence written by Stefania Bandini and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-18 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes revised selected papers from the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, AIxIA 2021, which was held virtually in December 2021. The 36 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 58 submissions; the volume also contains 12 extended and revised workshop contributions. The papers were organized in topical sections as follows: Planning and strategies; constraints, argumentation, and logic programming; knowledge representation, reasoning, and learning; natural language processing; AI for content and social media analysis; signal processing: images, videos and speech; machine learning for argumentation, explanation, and exploration; machine learning and applications; and AI applications.
Legal Knowledge And Information Systems
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Author : A. Wyner
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2017-12-20
Legal Knowledge And Information Systems written by A. Wyner and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-20 with Computers categories.
Like every other walk of modern life, the law has embraced digital technology, and is increasingly reliant on information systems for its efficient functioning. This book presents papers from the 30th International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (JURIX 2017), held in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, in December 2017. In the three decades since they began, the JURIX conferences have been held under the auspices of the Dutch Foundation for Legal Knowledge Based Systems, and have become a fully European conference series which addresses familiar topics and extends known techniques, as well as exploring newer topics such as question answering and the use of data mining and machine learning. Of the 42 submissions received for this edition, 12 have been selected for publication as full papers and 13 as short papers, with an acceptance rate of around 59%. The papers address a wide range of topics in artificial intelligence and law, such as argumentation, norms, evidence, belief revision, citations, case-based reasoning and ontologies. Diverse techniques such as information retrieval and extraction, machine learning, semantic web, and network analysis were applied, among others, and textual sources include legal cases, bar examinations, and legislative/regulatory documents. The book will be of interest to all those working in the legal system who wish to keep abreast of the latest developments in information systems.
A Plea For Plausibility
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Author : John R. Welch
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-03-17
A Plea For Plausibility written by John R. Welch and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-17 with Philosophy categories.
This book develops an original theory of decision-making based on the concept of plausibility. The author advocates plausible reasoning as a general philosophical method and demonstrates how it can be applied to problems in argumentation theory, scientific theory choice, risk management, ethics, law, economics, and epistemology. Human decisions are conditioned by formidable uncertainty. The standard resource for dealing rationally with uncertainty is the mathematical concept of probability. The probability calculus is well-known, but since the numerical demands for applying it cannot usually be met, it is not widely applicable. By contrast, the concept of plausibility is widely applicable, but it is little known. This book relies on a generalized concept of plausibility whose strength is its adaptability. The adaptability is due to a novel form of decision theory that takes plausibilities as inputs. This form of decision theory remains applicable to decisions informed by sharp probabilities and utilities, but it can also be applied to decisions that must be made without them. It can aid in the rationally critical enterprise of discriminating good arguments from bad, and this can foster philosophical progress. A Plea for Plausibility will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in argumentation theory, philosophy of science, ethics, epistemology, economics, law, and risk management.
Computational Models Of Argument
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Author : P.E. Dunne
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2006-08-25
Computational Models Of Argument written by P.E. Dunne and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-25 with Computers categories.
Argumentation has evolved from its original study primarily by philosophers to emerge in the last ten years as an important sub-discipline of Artificial Intelligence. There have been significant contributions resulting from this, including approaches to modelling and analysis of defeasible reasoning, formal bases for negotiation and dialogue processes in multiagent systems, and the use of argumentation theory in AI applications whose nature is not best described through traditional logics, e.g. legal reasoning, evaluation of conflicting beliefs, etc. The process of interpreting and exploiting classical treatments of Argumentation Theory in effective computational terms has led to a rich interchange of ideas among researchers from disciplines such as Philosophy, Linguistics, AI and Economics. While work over recent years has done much to consolidate diverse contributions to the field, many new concerns have been identified and form the basis of current research. The papers in this volume, presented as part of the 1st International Conference on Computational Model of Arguments (COMMA) in September 2006, give a valuable overview of on-going research issues and concerns within this field.
The Psychology Of Micro Targeted Election Campaigns
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Author : Jens Koed Madsen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-09-26
The Psychology Of Micro Targeted Election Campaigns written by Jens Koed Madsen and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-26 with Psychology categories.
This book examines the psychology behind micro-targeted tactics used in election campaigning and the advent of increasingly sophisticated dynamic Agent-Based Models (ABMs). It discusses individual profiling, how data and modelling are deployed to enhance the effectiveness of persuasion and mobilization efforts in campaigns, and the potential limitations of these approaches. Madsen particularly explores how psychological insight and personal data are used to generate individualised models of voters and how these in turn are applied to optimise persuasion strategies tailored to a specific person. Finally, the book considers the broader democratic dilemmas raised by the introduction of these tactics into politics and the critical civic importance of understanding how these campaigns function.This timely work offers fresh insights for students and scholars of political psychology, philosophy, political marketing, media, and communications.