Bayesian Spatial Modelling With Conjugate Prior Models
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Bayesian Spatial Modelling With Conjugate Prior Models
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Author : Henning Omre
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-10-03
Bayesian Spatial Modelling With Conjugate Prior Models written by Henning Omre and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-03 with Mathematics categories.
This book offers a comprehensive overview of statistical methodology for modelling and evaluating spatial variables useful in a variety of applications. These spatial variables fall into three categories: continuous, like terrain elevation; events, like tree locations; and mosaics, like medical images. Definitions and discussions of random field models are included for each of these three previously mentioned spatial variable types. Moreover, the readers will have access to algorithms suitable for applying this methodology in practical problem solving, and the computational efficiency of these algorithms are discussed. The presentation is made in a consistent predictive Bayesian framework, which allows separate modelling of the observation acquisition procedure, as a likelihood model, and of the spatial variable characteristics, as a prior spatial model. The likelihood and prior models uniquely define the posterior spatial model, which provides the basis for spatial simulations, spatial predictions with associated precisions, and model parameter inference. The emphasis is on Bayesian spatial modelling with conjugate pairs of likelihood and prior models that are analytically tractable and hence suitable for data abundant spatial studies. Alternative methods frequently used in spatial statistics are presented using a unified notation. The book is suitable as a textbook for a ‘Spatial Statistics’ course at the MSc or PhD level, as it also includes algorithm descriptions, project texts, and exercises.
Bayesian Spatial Modelling With Conjugate Prior Models
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Author : Karl Henning Omre
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024
Bayesian Spatial Modelling With Conjugate Prior Models written by Karl Henning Omre and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with Bayesian statistical decision theory categories.
"This book offers a comprehensive overview of statistical methodology for modelling and evaluating spatial variables useful in a variety of applications. These spatial variables fall into three categories: continuous, like terrain elevation; events, like tree locations; and mosaics, like medical images. Definitions and discussions of random field models are included for each of these three previously mentioned spatial variable types. Moreover, the readers will have access to algorithms suitable for applying this methodology in practical problem solving, and the computational efficiency of these algorithms are discussed. The presentation is made in a consistent predictive Bayesian framework, which allows separate modelling of the observation acquisition procedure, as a likelihood model, and of the spatial variable characteristics, as a prior spatial model. The likelihood and prior models uniquely define the posterior spatial model, which provides the basis for spatial simulations, spatial predictions with associated precisions, and model parameter inference. The emphasis is on Bayesian spatial modelling with conjugate pairs of likelihood and prior models that are analytically tractable and hence suitable for data abundant spatial studies. Alternative methods frequently used in spatial statistics are presented using a unified notation. The book is suitable as a textbook for a Spatial Statistics course at the MSc or PhD level, as it also includes algorithm descriptions, project texts, and exercises."--
Bayesian Model Selection And Statistical Modeling
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Author : Tomohiro Ando
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2010-05-27
Bayesian Model Selection And Statistical Modeling written by Tomohiro Ando and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-27 with Mathematics categories.
Along with many practical applications, Bayesian Model Selection and Statistical Modeling presents an array of Bayesian inference and model selection procedures. It thoroughly explains the concepts, illustrates the derivations of various Bayesian model selection criteria through examples, and provides R code for implementation. The author shows how to implement a variety of Bayesian inference using R and sampling methods, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo. He covers the different types of simulation-based Bayesian model selection criteria, including the numerical calculation of Bayes factors, the Bayesian predictive information criterion, and the deviance information criterion. He also provides a theoretical basis for the analysis of these criteria. In addition, the author discusses how Bayesian model averaging can simultaneously treat both model and parameter uncertainties. Selecting and constructing the appropriate statistical model significantly affect the quality of results in decision making, forecasting, stochastic structure explorations, and other problems. Helping you choose the right Bayesian model, this book focuses on the framework for Bayesian model selection and includes practical examples of model selection criteria.
Scalable Bayesian Spatial Analysis With Gaussian Markov Random Fields
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Author : Per Sidén
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2020-08-17
Scalable Bayesian Spatial Analysis With Gaussian Markov Random Fields written by Per Sidén and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-17 with categories.
Accurate statistical analysis of spatial data is important in many applications. Failing to properly account for spatial autocorrelation may often lead to false conclusions. At the same time, the ever-increasing sizes of spatial datasets pose a great computational challenge, as many standard methods for spatial analysis are limited to a few thousand data points. In this thesis, we explore how Gaussian Markov random fields (GMRFs) can be used for scalable analysis of spatial data. GMRFs are closely connected to the commonly used Gaussian processes, but have sparsity properties that make them computationally cheap both in time and memory. The Bayesian framework enables a GMRF to be used as a spatial prior, comprising the assumption of smooth variation over space, and gives a principled way to estimate the parameters and propagate uncertainty. We develop new algorithms that enable applying GMRF priors in 3D to the brain activity inherent in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, with millions of observations. We show that our methods are both faster and more accurate than previous work. A method for approximating selected elements of the inverse precision matrix (i.e. the covariance matrix) is also proposed, which is important for evaluating the posterior uncertainty. In addition, we establish a link between GMRFs and deep convolutional neural networks, which have been successfully used in countless machine learning tasks for images, resulting in a deep GMRF model. Finally, we show how GMRFs can be used in real-time robotic search and rescue operations, for modeling the spatial distribution of injured persons. Tillförlitlig statistisk analys av spatiala data är viktigt inom många tillämpningar. Om inte korrekt hänsyn tas till spatial autokorrelation kan det ofta leda till felaktiga slutsatser. Samtidigt ökar ständigt storleken på de spatiala datamaterialen vilket utgör en stor beräkningsmässig utmaning, eftersom många standardmetoder för spatial analys är begränsade till några tusental datapunkter. I denna avhandling utforskar vi hur Gaussiska Markov-fält (eng: Gaussian Markov random fields, GMRF) kan användas för mer skalbara analyser av spatiala data. GMRF-modeller är nära besläktade med de ofta använda Gaussiska processerna, men har gleshetsegenskaper som gör dem beräkningsmässigt effektiva både vad gäller tids- och minnesåtgång. Det Bayesianska synsättet gör det möjligt att använda GMRF som en spatial prior som innefattar antagandet om långsam spatial variation och ger ett principiellt tillvägagångssätt för att skatta parametrar och propagera osäkerhet. Vi utvecklar nya algoritmer som gör det möjligt att använda GMRF-priors i 3D för den hjärnaktivitet som indirekt kan observeras i hjärnbilder framtagna med tekniken fMRI, som innehåller milliontals datapunkter. Vi visar att våra metoder är både snabbare och mer korrekta än tidigare forskning. En metod för att approximera utvalda element i den inversa precisionsmatrisen (dvs. kovariansmatrisen) framförs också, vilket är viktigt för att kunna evaluera osäkerheten i posteriorn. Vidare gör vi en koppling mellan GMRF och djupa neurala faltningsnätverk, som har använts framgångsrikt för mängder av bildrelaterade problem inom maskininlärning, vilket mynnar ut i en djup GMRF-modell. Slutligen visar vi hur GMRF kan användas i realtid av autonoma drönare för räddningsinsatser i katastrofområden för att modellera den spatiala fördelningen av skadade personer.
Bayesian Hierarchical Models
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Author : Peter D. Congdon
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-09-16
Bayesian Hierarchical Models written by Peter D. Congdon and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-16 with Mathematics categories.
An intermediate-level treatment of Bayesian hierarchical models and their applications, this book demonstrates the advantages of a Bayesian approach to data sets involving inferences for collections of related units or variables, and in methods where parameters can be treated as random collections. Through illustrative data analysis and attention to statistical computing, this book facilitates practical implementation of Bayesian hierarchical methods. The new edition is a revision of the book Applied Bayesian Hierarchical Methods. It maintains a focus on applied modelling and data analysis, but now using entirely R-based Bayesian computing options. It has been updated with a new chapter on regression for causal effects, and one on computing options and strategies. This latter chapter is particularly important, due to recent advances in Bayesian computing and estimation, including the development of rjags and rstan. It also features updates throughout with new examples. The examples exploit and illustrate the broader advantages of the R computing environment, while allowing readers to explore alternative likelihood assumptions, regression structures, and assumptions on prior densities. Features: Provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of applied Bayesian hierarchical modelling Includes many real data examples to illustrate different modelling topics R code (based on rjags, jagsUI, R2OpenBUGS, and rstan) is integrated into the book, emphasizing implementation Software options and coding principles are introduced in new chapter on computing Programs and data sets available on the book’s website
Bayesian Data Analysis Third Edition
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Author : Andrew Gelman
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-11-01
Bayesian Data Analysis Third Edition written by Andrew Gelman and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-01 with Mathematics categories.
Now in its third edition, this classic book is widely considered the leading text on Bayesian methods, lauded for its accessible, practical approach to analyzing data and solving research problems. Bayesian Data Analysis, Third Edition continues to take an applied approach to analysis using up-to-date Bayesian methods. The authors—all leaders in the statistics community—introduce basic concepts from a data-analytic perspective before presenting advanced methods. Throughout the text, numerous worked examples drawn from real applications and research emphasize the use of Bayesian inference in practice. New to the Third Edition Four new chapters on nonparametric modeling Coverage of weakly informative priors and boundary-avoiding priors Updated discussion of cross-validation and predictive information criteria Improved convergence monitoring and effective sample size calculations for iterative simulation Presentations of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, variational Bayes, and expectation propagation New and revised software code The book can be used in three different ways. For undergraduate students, it introduces Bayesian inference starting from first principles. For graduate students, the text presents effective current approaches to Bayesian modeling and computation in statistics and related fields. For researchers, it provides an assortment of Bayesian methods in applied statistics. Additional materials, including data sets used in the examples, solutions to selected exercises, and software instructions, are available on the book’s web page.
Bayesian Modeling Of Spatio Temporal Data With R
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Author : Sujit Sahu
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-02-23
Bayesian Modeling Of Spatio Temporal Data With R written by Sujit Sahu and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-23 with Mathematics categories.
Applied sciences, both physical and social, such as atmospheric, biological, climate, demographic, economic, ecological, environmental, oceanic and political, routinely gather large volumes of spatial and spatio-temporal data in order to make wide ranging inference and prediction. Ideally such inferential tasks should be approached through modelling, which aids in estimation of uncertainties in all conclusions drawn from such data. Unified Bayesian modelling, implemented through user friendly software packages, provides a crucial key to unlocking the full power of these methods for solving challenging practical problems. Key features of the book: • Accessible detailed discussion of a majority of all aspects of Bayesian methods and computations with worked examples, numerical illustrations and exercises • A spatial statistics jargon buster chapter that enables the reader to build up a vocabulary without getting clouded in modeling and technicalities • Computation and modeling illustrations are provided with the help of the dedicated R package bmstdr, allowing the reader to use well-known packages and platforms, such as rstan, INLA, spBayes, spTimer, spTDyn, CARBayes, CARBayesST, etc • Included are R code notes detailing the algorithms used to produce all the tables and figures, with data and code available via an online supplement • Two dedicated chapters discuss practical examples of spatio-temporal modeling of point referenced and areal unit data • Throughout, the emphasis has been on validating models by splitting data into test and training sets following on the philosophy of machine learning and data science This book is designed to make spatio-temporal modeling and analysis accessible and understandable to a wide audience of students and researchers, from mathematicians and statisticians to practitioners in the applied sciences. It presents most of the modeling with the help of R commands written in a purposefully developed R package to facilitate spatio-temporal modeling. It does not compromise on rigour, as it presents the underlying theories of Bayesian inference and computation in standalone chapters, which would be appeal those interested in the theoretical details. By avoiding hard core mathematics and calculus, this book aims to be a bridge that removes the statistical knowledge gap from among the applied scientists.
Life Cycle Civil Engineering Innovation Theory And Practice
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Author : Airong Chen
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-02-26
Life Cycle Civil Engineering Innovation Theory And Practice written by Airong Chen and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Life-Cycle Civil Engineering: Innovation, Theory and Practice contains the lectures and papers presented at IALCCE2020, the Seventh International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering, held in Shanghai, China, October 27-30, 2020. It consists of a book of extended abstracts and a multimedia device containing the full papers of 230 contributions, including the Fazlur R. Khan lecture, eight keynote lectures, and 221 technical papers from all over the world. All major aspects of life-cycle engineering are addressed, with special emphasis on life-cycle design, assessment, maintenance and management of structures and infrastructure systems under various deterioration mechanisms due to various environmental hazards. It is expected that the proceedings of IALCCE2020 will serve as a valuable reference to anyone interested in life-cycle of civil infrastructure systems, including students, researchers, engineers and practitioners from all areas of engineering and industry.
The Oxford Handbook Of Quantitative Methods Vol 2 Statistical Analysis
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Author : Todd D. Little
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-02-01
The Oxford Handbook Of Quantitative Methods Vol 2 Statistical Analysis written by Todd D. Little and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-01 with Psychology categories.
Research today demands the application of sophisticated and powerful research tools. Fulfilling this need, The Oxford Handbook of Quantitative Methods is the complete tool box to deliver the most valid and generalizable answers to todays complex research questions. It is a one-stop source for learning and reviewing current best-practices in quantitative methods as practiced in the social, behavioral, and educational sciences. Comprising two volumes, this handbook covers a wealth of topics related to quantitative research methods. It begins with essential philosophical and ethical issues related to science and quantitative research. It then addresses core measurement topics before delving into the design of studies. Principal issues related to modern estimation and mathematical modeling are also detailed. Topics in the handbook then segway into the realm of statistical inference and modeling with chapters dedicated to classical approaches as well as modern latent variable approaches. Numerous chapters associated with longitudinal data and more specialized techniques round out this broad selection of topics. Comprehensive, authoritative, and user-friendly, this two-volume set will be an indispensable resource for serious researchers across the social, behavioral, and educational sciences.
Case Studies In Bayesian Statistical Modelling And Analysis
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Author : Clair L. Alston
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-10-10
Case Studies In Bayesian Statistical Modelling And Analysis written by Clair L. Alston and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-10 with Mathematics categories.
Provides an accessible foundation to Bayesian analysis using real world models This book aims to present an introduction to Bayesian modelling and computation, by considering real case studies drawn from diverse fields spanning ecology, health, genetics and finance. Each chapter comprises a description of the problem, the corresponding model, the computational method, results and inferences as well as the issues that arise in the implementation of these approaches. Case Studies in Bayesian Statistical Modelling and Analysis: Illustrates how to do Bayesian analysis in a clear and concise manner using real-world problems. Each chapter focuses on a real-world problem and describes the way in which the problem may be analysed using Bayesian methods. Features approaches that can be used in a wide area of application, such as, health, the environment, genetics, information science, medicine, biology, industry and remote sensing. Case Studies in Bayesian Statistical Modelling and Analysis is aimed at statisticians, researchers and practitioners who have some expertise in statistical modelling and analysis, and some understanding of the basics of Bayesian statistics, but little experience in its application. Graduate students of statistics and biostatistics will also find this book beneficial.