Bee Diversity Pollination And Fruit Production In Strawberry Agroecosystems
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Bee Diversity Pollination And Fruit Production In Strawberry Agroecosystems
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Author : Gail MacInnis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Bee Diversity Pollination And Fruit Production In Strawberry Agroecosystems written by Gail MacInnis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
"The conversion of a natural ecosystem to an agroecosystem characteristically involves a reduction in biodiversity. As agricultural intensification continues, it is vital to understand how biodiversity loss in farmlands affects the ecosystem functions, such as pollination, required to maintain crop production. A diversity of wild bee species inhabit agricultural lands, and high species richness within crop pollinator assemblages has been linked to enhanced crop yields; however, species richness is often confounded with abundance in studies of pollinator communities. In addition, direct comparisons of pollinator performance among individual bee species have been limited by methodological constraints, which make it challenging to predict how yield will be affected by changes in pollinator community composition. The overarching goal of this thesis is to explore the influence of bee species identity and community composition on pollination and production in agroecosystems, and to examine how elements of agricultural landscapes impact bee communities.I first compared the performance of wild bees and honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) as pollinators of strawberry, through the use of a new pollen deposition measurement technique and controlled bee diversity field experiments. I found that honey bees and wild bees deposited the same amount of pollen per visited flower, but wild bee-pollinated strawberries were larger than honey bee-pollinated strawberries. This suggests that wild bees transferred higher quality (outcross) pollen than honey bees. As the distance travelled by pollinators between successive flower visits can affect the quality of pollen transferred among plants, I then examined foraging behaviour as a mechanism driving this effect. I found that wild bees, especially those in the genus Lasioglossum, foraged more erratically, provided more cross-pollination, and produced larger fruit than honey bees for certain strawberry varieties and field designs. Although wild bees show promise as strawberry pollinators, conventional cultivation methods may limit wild bee abundance on strawberry farms. The ground within most commercial strawberry fields is covered with straw, and increasingly with plastic mulch. This reduces habitat for ground-nesting bees within the crop, so most wild pollinators need to enter the crop from beyond field margins. To examine the influence of field-margin type (forest or hedgerow) on bee community composition and pollinator export to strawberry crops, I conducted bee diversity surveys on 12 farms, from crop edge to crop centre. I found that wild bee species richness and abundance did not differ between field-margin types. Small wild bee abundance declined significantly from the crop margin to crop centre but pollen deposition did not, which suggests that large-bodied and managed bees were providing the majority of pollination. Although my previous work indicates that small wild bees are more effective pollinators of strawberry on a per-visit basis, their limited foraging ranges suggest they may only pollinate marginal areas, given typical field sizes in our region.My overall findings showed that honey bee pollination results in lower strawberry yields than wild bee pollination. Management efforts aimed at the maintenance or enhancement of wild pollinator populations may be a cost-effective way to increase both crop yield and biodiversity on strawberry farms. However, species richness did not affect pollination for the strawberries studied here, which highlights that the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services are not always equivalent"--
Bee Pollination In Agricultural Ecosystems
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Author : Rosalind James
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2008-09-09
Bee Pollination In Agricultural Ecosystems written by Rosalind James and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
For many agricultural crops, bees play a vital role as pollinators, and this book discusses the interplay among bees, agriculture, and the environment. Although honey bees are well recognized as pollinators, managed bumble bees and solitary bees are also critical for the successful pollination of certain crops, while wild bees provide a free service. As bees liberally pass pollen from one plant to the next, they also impact the broader ecosystem, and not always to the benefit of humankind. Bees can enhance the unintentional spread of genes from genetically engineered plants, and may increase the spread of invasive weeds. Conversely, genetically engineered plants can impact pollinators, and invasive weeds can supply new sources of food for these insects. Bees' flower-visiting activities also can be exploited to help spread biological control agents that control crop pests, and they are important for native plant reproduction. Managing bees for pollination is complex and the factors that must be taken into consideration are treated here, including bee natural history, physiology, pathology, and behavior. Furthermore, transporting bees from native ranges to new areas for pollination services can be controversial, and needs to be done only after assuring that it will not disrupt various ecosystems. Even though bees are small, unobtrusive creatures, they play large roles in the ecosystem. The connection between bees and humankind also is symbolic of a broader interconnection between humans and the natural world.
The Underestimated Taxa
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Author : Ellen Richard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
The Underestimated Taxa written by Ellen Richard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Pollination services are critical to agricultural systems, providing a third of global food production. Non-bee pollinators have received little recognition with regards to their role in commercial agricultural pollination. Diverse pollinator communities often provide better pollination services, and non-bee pollinators represent 95% of this diversity. Additionally, research demonstrates that many non-bee pollinators are more resilient to land use intensification and climate change due to their nomadic life-history and tolerance to inclement weather. The aim of this thesis is two-fold. It demonstrates the diversity of non-bee insects that visit temperate vegetable crops in a comprehensive review. Secondly, it presents research on the non-bee floral visiting community of day-neutral strawberries in Southern-Ontario. Using barcoding methods as well as quantitative analysis it characterises flower visitor communities, their foraging preferences and levels of floral fidelity. Hoverflies were found to be important non-bee flower visitors, carrying comparable amounts of pollen to bees.
Entomovectoring For Precision Biocontrol And Enhanced Pollination Of Crops
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Author : Guy Smagghe
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-06-29
Entomovectoring For Precision Biocontrol And Enhanced Pollination Of Crops written by Guy Smagghe and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-29 with Science categories.
This book focuses on entomovectoring, also known as apivectoring, the method used for managing pollinators to increase crop yields and employ strategies of biocontrol in greenhouses and open fields. It is written by experts working in academia and industry from the different continents of the world. Over the past 25 years Research and Development has successfully investigated the potential of pollinators to perform two tasks: dispersal of biological control agents (BCOs) and their pollination service. This book provides a basic overview of the current literature on the different aspects and factors of this novel technology. It explains and presents practical cases of enhancing pollination coupled with the suppression of plant pathogens and pests under various agricultural production practices from greenhouse to open field conditions and crops ranging from orchard fruits, to small and tender berries, vegetables and oil seeds
Insect Pollination Of Cultivated Crop Plants
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Author : Samuel Emmett McGregor
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Insect Pollination Of Cultivated Crop Plants written by Samuel Emmett McGregor and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Abeille categories.
Pollination Biology Vol 1
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Author : Dharam P. Abrol
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-16
Pollination Biology Vol 1 written by Dharam P. Abrol and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-16 with Science categories.
The book covers interplay between pest management strategies and safety of pollinators. Detailed information is provided on pests and pollinators of temperate, subtropical and tropical fruit crops. Most of the fruit crops are highly cross pollinated and depend upon insects or benefit from insect pollination for fruit set. Insect pests on the other hand cause major economic damage on fruit crops in tropics, subtropics and temperate. Evidently, pest management in fruit crops on one hand and providing safety to the pollinators on the other is a challenging task in the context of increasing horticultural productivity without upsetting the ecological balance. This book aims to integrate and develop pest control strategies in a way to minimize their impact on beneficial insect species such as natural enemies and pollinators to enhance fruit production and quality. The book covers interplay between pest management strategies and safety of pollinators. Detailed information is provided on pests and pollinators of temperate, subtropical and tropical fruit crops. Pollinators play a crucial role in flowering plant reproduction and in the production of most fruits and vegetables. Most of the fruit crops are highly cross pollinated and depend upon insects or benefit from insect pollination for fruit set. Insect pests on the other hand cause major economic damage on fruit crops in tropics, subtropics and temperate. Evidently, pest management in fruit crops on one hand and providing safety to the pollinators on the other is a challenging task in the context of increasing horticultural productivity without upsetting the ecological balance. This book aims to integrate and develop pest control strategies in a way to minimize their impact on beneficial insect species such as natural enemies and pollinators to enhance fruit production and quality. Most of the fruit crops are highly cross pollinated and depend upon insects or benefit from insect pollination for fruit set. Insect pests on the other hand cause major economic damage on fruit crops in tropics, subtropics and temperate. Evidently, pest management in fruit crops on one hand and providing safety to the pollinators on the other is a challenging task in the context of increasing horticultural productivity without upsetting the ecological balance. This book aims to integrate and develop pest control strategies in a way to minimize their impact on beneficial insect species such as natural enemies and pollinators to enhance fruit production and quality. The book covers interplay between pest management strategies and safety of pollinators.
Pollination Services To Agriculture
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Author : Barbara Gemmill-Herren
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-04-14
Pollination Services To Agriculture written by Barbara Gemmill-Herren and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
It is only recently that the immense economic value of pollination to agriculture has been appreciated. At the same time, the alarming collapse in populations of bees and other pollinators has highlighted the urgency of addressing this issue. This book focuses on the specific measures and practices that the emerging science of pollination ecology is identifying to conserve and promote animal pollinators in agroecosystems. It reviews the expanding knowledge base on pollination services, providing evidence to document the status, trends and importance of pollinators to sustainable agricultural production. It provides practical and specific measures that land managers can undertake to ensure that agroecosystems are supportive and friendly to pollinators. It draws on the Global Pollination Project, supported by UNEP/GEF and implemented by FAO and seven partner countries (Brazil, Ghana, India, Kenya, Nepal, Pakistan and South Africa), which serve to provide "lessons from the field".
Fruit Vegetables Bees And Pollination
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Fruit Vegetables Bees And Pollination written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Agriculture categories.
Bee Pollination Of Strawberries On Different Spatial Scales From Crop Varieties And Fields To Landscapes
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Author : Björn Kristian Klatt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Bee Pollination Of Strawberries On Different Spatial Scales From Crop Varieties And Fields To Landscapes written by Björn Kristian Klatt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The global majority of our crops is dependent on pollination. Hence, pollination contributes to one third of global crop production and is an ecosystem service of high commercial and social importance. Bees are the most important crop pollinators, but they are endangered by several anthropogenic impacts, in particular agricultural intensification. Facing rising global demands for food and energy in the background of a growing world population, the prevention of an impending pollinator crisis attracts increasing interest from the public, policymakers and scientists. However, despite new repo ...
Pollination Of Cultivated Plants In The Tropics
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 1995
Pollination Of Cultivated Plants In The Tropics written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Gardening categories.
This bulletin, based on contributions from various contributors and edited by Dr. D.W. Roubik, introduces the reader to various aspects of natural and insect pollination. It discusses the pollinators themselves, and the ecological and economic importance of pollination, as well as applied pollination in temperate, tropical oceanic islands and mainland tropics, and alternatives to artificial pollinator populations. Prospects for the future are also discussed. Chapter 2 deals with successful pollination with pollinator populations, the evaluation of pollinators and floral biology and research techniques. The behaviour of pollinators and plant phenology and various case studies on the preparation of pollinators for use in tropical agriculture are also discussed. A glossary and various appendices regarding cultivated and semi-cultivated plants in the tropics, pollination contracts and levels of safety of pesticides for bees and other pollinators are included.