Behavior Of Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells In The Presence Of Reservoir And Fracture Non Darcy Flow
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Behavior Of Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells In The Presence Of Reservoir And Fracture Non Darcy Flow
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Author : Albert Jason Stark
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Behavior Of Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells In The Presence Of Reservoir And Fracture Non Darcy Flow written by Albert Jason Stark and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Behavior Of Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells In The Presence Of Reservoir And Fracture Non Darcy Flow
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Behavior Of Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells In The Presence Of Reservoir And Fracture Non Darcy Flow written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
The Impact Of Gravity Segregation On Multiphase Non Darcy Flow In Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells
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Author : Mark Ian Dickins
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
The Impact Of Gravity Segregation On Multiphase Non Darcy Flow In Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells written by Mark Ian Dickins and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Multiphase and non-Darcy flow effects in hydraulically fractured gas wells reduce effective fracture conductivity. Typical proppant pack laboratory experiments are oriented in such a way such that phase segregation is not possible, which results in mixed flow. Tidwell and Parker (1996), however, showed that in proppant packs, gravity segregation occurs for simultaneous gas and liquid injection at laboratory scale (1500 cm2). Although the impact of gravity on flow in natural fractures has been described, previous work has not fully described the effect of gravity on multiphase non-Darcy flow in hydraulic fractures. In this work, reservoir simulation modeling was used to determine the extent and impact of gravity segregation in a hydraulic fracture at field scale. I found that by ignoring segregation, effective fracture conductivity can be underestimated by up to a factor of two. An analytical solution was developed for uniform flux of water and gas into the fracture. The solution for pressures and saturations in the fracture agrees well with reservoir simulation. Gravity segregation occurs in moderate-to-high conductivity fractures. Gravity segregation impacts effective fracture conductivity when gas and liquid are being produced at all water-gas ratios modeled above 2 Bbls per MMscf. More realistic, non-uniform-flux models were also run with the hydraulic fracture connected to a gas reservoir producing water. For constant-gas-rate production, differences in pressure drop between segregated cases and mixed flow cases range up to a factor of two. As the pressure gradient in the fracture increases above 1 to 2 psi/ft, the amount of segregation decreases. Segregation is also less for fracture half-length-to-height ratios less than or close to two. When there is less segregation, the difference in effective conductivity between the segregated and mixed flow cases is reduced. I also modeled the water injection and cleanup phases for a typical slickwater fracture treatment both with and without gravity effects and found that for cases with segregation, effective fracture conductivity is significantly higher than the conductivity when mixed flow occurs. Gravity segregation is commonly ignored in design and analysis of hydraulically fractured gas wells. This work shows that segregation is an important physical process and it affects effective fracture conductivity significantly. Hydraulic fracture treatments can be designed more effectively if effective fracture conductivity is known more accurately.
Non Darcy Flow And Multi Phase Flow
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Author : Nasraldin Alarbi
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2011-12
Non Darcy Flow And Multi Phase Flow written by Nasraldin Alarbi and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12 with categories.
Hydraulic fracturing has recently been the completion of choice for most tight gas formations. It has proven successful to produce these formations in a commercial manner. However, some considerations have to be taken into account when designing a fracture treatment. These considerations include, but not limited to, non-Darcy flow and multiphase flow effects inside the fracture. These effects reduce the fracture conductivity significantly. Failing to account for that results in overestimating the deliverability of the wells and, consequently, to designing a fracture treatment that is not optimum. In this book a thorough investigation of non-Darcy flow and multi-phase flow effects on the productivity of hydraulically fractured gas wells is conducted and an optimum fracture design is proposed for a tight gas formation in south Texas using the Unified Fracture Design (UFD) Technique to compensate for the mentioned effects by calculating the effective fracture permeability in an iterative way. A comparison between the UFD and the most well known 3D fracture simulators is also carried out to point out the differences as far as the methodology and design considerations.
Investigation Of The Effect Of Non Darcy Flow And Multi Phase Flow On The Productivity Of Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells
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Author : Nasraldin Abdulslam A. Alarbi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Investigation Of The Effect Of Non Darcy Flow And Multi Phase Flow On The Productivity Of Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells written by Nasraldin Abdulslam A. Alarbi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Hydraulic fracturing has recently been the completion of choice for most tight gas bearing formations. It has proven successful to produce these formations in a commercial manner. However, some considerations have to be taken into account to design an optimum stimulation treatment that leads to the maximum possible productivity. These considerations include, but not limited to, non-Darcy flow and multiphase flow effects inside the fracture. These effects reduce the fracture conductivity significantly. Failing to account for that results in overestimating the deliverability of the well and, consequently, to designing a fracture treatment that is not optimum. In this work a thorough investigation of non-Darcy flow and multi-phase flow effects on the productivity of hydraulically fractured wells is conducted and an optimum fracture design is proposed for a tight gas formation in south Texas using the Unified Fracture Design (UFD) Technique to compensate for the mentioned effects by calculating the effective fracture permeability in an iterative way. Incorporating non-Darcy effects results in an optimum fracture that is shorter and wider than the fracture when only Darcy calculations are considered. That leads to a loss of production of 5, 18% due to dry and multiphase non-Darcy flow effects respectively. A comparison between the UFD and 3D simulators is also done to point out the differences in terms of methodology and results. Since UFD incorporated the maximum dimensionless productivity index in the fracture dimensions design, unlike 3D simulators, it can be concluded that using UFD to design the fracture treatment and then use the most important fracture parameters outputs (half length and CfDopt) as inputs in the simulators is a recommended approach.
Decline Curve Analysis For Real Gas Wells With Non Darcy Flow
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Author : Michael Lee Fraim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Decline Curve Analysis For Real Gas Wells With Non Darcy Flow written by Michael Lee Fraim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Gas well drilling categories.
Shale Gas And Tight Oil Reservoir Simulation
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Author : Wei Yu
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 2018-08-10
Shale Gas And Tight Oil Reservoir Simulation written by Wei Yu and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Shale Gas and Tight Oil Reservoir Simulation delivers the latest research and applications used to better manage and interpret simulating production from shale gas and tight oil reservoirs. Starting with basic fundamentals, the book then includes real field data that will not only generate reliable reserve estimation, but also predict the effective range of reservoir and fracture properties through multiple history matching solutions. Also included are new insights into the numerical modelling of CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery in tight oil reservoirs. This information is critical for a better understanding of the impacts of key reservoir properties and complex fractures. Models the well performance of shale gas and tight oil reservoirs with complex fracture geometries Teaches how to perform sensitivity studies, history matching, production forecasts, and economic optimization for shale-gas and tight-oil reservoirs Helps readers investigate data mining techniques, including the introduction of nonparametric smoothing models
Hydraulic Fracturing In Unconventional Reservoirs
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Author : Hoss Belyadi
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 2019-06-18
Hydraulic Fracturing In Unconventional Reservoirs written by Hoss Belyadi and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs: Theories, Operations, and Economic Analysis, Second Edition, presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing. Enhanced to include today’s newest technologies, such as machine learning and the monitoring of field performance using pressure and rate transient analysis, this reference gives engineers the full spectrum of information needed to run unconventional field developments. Covering key aspects, including fracture clean-up, expanded material on refracturing, and a discussion on economic analysis in unconventional reservoirs, this book keeps today's petroleum engineers updated on the critical aspects of unconventional activity. Helps readers understand drilling and production technology and operations in shale gas through real-field examples Covers various topics on fractured wells and the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons in one complete reference Presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing
The Implications And Flow Behavior Of The Hydraulically Fractured Wells In Shale Gas Formation
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Author : Anas Mohammadali S. Almarzooq
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Implications And Flow Behavior Of The Hydraulically Fractured Wells In Shale Gas Formation written by Anas Mohammadali S. Almarzooq and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Shale gas formations are known to have low permeability. This low permeability can be as low as 100 nano darcies. Without stimulating wells drilled in the shale gas formations, it is hard to produce them at an economic rate. One of the stimulating approaches is by drilling horizontal wells and hydraulically fracturing the formation. Once the formation is fractured, different flow patterns will occur. The dominant flow regime observed in the shale gas formation is the linear flow or the transient drainage from the formation matrix toward the hydraulic fracture. This flow could extend up to years of production and it can be identified by half slop on the log-log plot of the gas rate against time. It could be utilized to evaluate the hydraulic fracture surface area and eventually evaluate the effectiveness of the completion job. Different models from the literature can be used to evaluate the completion job. One of the models used in this work assumes a rectangular reservoir with a slab shaped matrix between each two hydraulic fractures. From this model, there are at least five flow regions and the two regions discussed are the Region 2 in which bilinear flow occurs as a result of simultaneous drainage form the matrix and hydraulic fracture. The other is Region 4 which results from transient matrix drainage which could extend up to many years. The Barnett shale production data will be utilized throughout this work to show sample of the calculations. This first part of this work will evaluate the field data used in this study following a systematic procedure explained in Chapter III. This part reviews the historical production, reservoir and fluid data and well completion records available for the wells being analyzed. It will also check for data correlations from the data available and explain abnormal flow behaviors that might occur utilizing the field production data. It will explain why some wells might not fit into each model. This will be followed by a preliminary diagnosis, in which flow regimes will be identified, unclear data will be filtered, and interference and liquid loading data will be pointed. After completing the data evaluation, this work will evaluate and compare the different methods available in the literature in order to decide which method will best fit to analyze the production data from the Barnett shale. Formation properties and the original gas in place will be evaluated and compared for different methods.
Effective Fracture Geometry Obtained With Large Water Sand Ratio
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Author : Amrendra Kumar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Effective Fracture Geometry Obtained With Large Water Sand Ratio written by Amrendra Kumar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Shale gas formation exhibits some unusual reservoir characteristics: nano-darcy matrix permeability, presence of natural fractures and gas storage on the matrix surface that makes it unique in many ways. It's difficult to design an optimum fracture treatment for such formation and even more difficult is to describe production behavior using a reservoir model. So far homogeneous, two wing fracture, and natural fracture models have been used for this purpose without much success. Micro seismic mapping technique is used to measure the fracture propagation in real time. This measurement in naturally fractured shale formation suggests a growth of fracture network instead of a traditional two wing fractures. There is an industry wise consensus that fracture network plays an important role in determining the well productivity of such formations. A well with high density of fracture networks supposed to have better productivity. Shale formations have also exhibited production pattern which is very different from conventional or tight gas reservoir. Initial flow period is marked by steep decline in production while the late time production exhibits a slow decline. One of the arguments put for this behavior is linear flow from a bi-wing fractured well at early time and contribution of adsorbed gas in production at late time. However, bi-wing fracture geometry is not supported by the micro-seismic observation. A realistic model should include both the fracture network and adsorbed gas property. In this research we have proposed a new Power Law Permability model to simulate fluid flow from hydraulically fractured Shale formation. This model was first described by Valko & Fnu (2002) and used for analyzing acid treatment jobs. The key idea of this model is to use a power law permeability function that varies with the radial distance from well bore. Scaling exponent of this power law function has been named power law index. The permeability function has also been termed as secondary permeability. This work introduces the method of Laplace solution to solve the problem of transient and pseudo steady-state flow in a fracture network. Development and validation of this method and its extension to predict the pressure (and production) behaviour of fracture network were made using a novel technic. Pressure solution was then combined with material balance through productivity index to make production forecast. Reservoir rock volume affected by the fracture stimulation treatment that contributes in the production is called effective stimulated volume. This represents the extent of fracture network in this case. Barnett shale formation is a naturally fractured shale reservoir in Fort Worth basin. Several production wells from this formation was analysed using Power Law Model and it was found that wells productivity are highly dependent on stimulated volume. Apparently the wells flow under pseudo steady state for most part of their producing life and the effect of boundary on production is evident in as soon as one months of production. Due to short period of transient flow production from Barnett formations is expected to be largely independent of the relative distribution of permeability and highly dependent on the stimulated area and induced secondary permeability. However, an indirect relationship between permeability distribution and production rate is observed. A well with low power law index shows a better (more even) secondary permeability distribution in spatial direction, larger stimulated volume and better production. A comparative analysis between the new model and traditional fracture model was made. It was found that both models can be used successfully for history matching and production forecasting from hydraulically fractured shale gas formation.