Beitr Ge Zum Problem Der Schattenwirtschaft
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Beitr Ge Zum Problem Der Schattenwirtschaft
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Author : Günter Hedtkamp
language : de
Publisher: Duncker & Humblot
Release Date : 1983-07-22
Beitr Ge Zum Problem Der Schattenwirtschaft written by Günter Hedtkamp and has been published by Duncker & Humblot this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983-07-22 with Political Science categories.
Beitr Ge Zum Problem Der Schattenwirtschaft
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Author : Hans-Erich Gramatzki
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Beitr Ge Zum Problem Der Schattenwirtschaft written by Hans-Erich Gramatzki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Economics categories.
The Economics Of The Shadow Economy
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Author : W. Gaertner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Economics Of The Shadow Economy written by W. Gaertner and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Robbery, larceny, blackmail, fraud, and other crimes with economic motives are likely to be as old as mankind, and the evasion of taxes and economic regulations can be assumed to begin with the introduction of taxes and economic regulations. Thus the shadow economy is certain ly not a new phenomenon. However, economists did not pay much attention to it until quite recently. P. GUTMANN in his pioneering article "The Subterranean Economy" (Financial Analysts Journal, Nov/Dec 1977, p. 24- 27) was first to point out that unreported economic activity cannot (or, at least, can no longer) be considered as a "quantite negligeable". Challenged by GUTMANN's hypothesis many economists have then tried to assess the quantitative and qualitative importance of the shadow economy (commonly also known as the underground, or subterranean, or black, or unreported economy, and by other names). There seems to be wide agreement nowadays that the shadow economy has not only reached a substantial portion of total economic activity in both Eastern and Western countries but that it is also growing at rates which can no longer be experienced in the official sector. The existence of a considerable volume of unreported economic activities implies that important macroeconomic variables are biased in the official statistics. The rate of unemployment, for example, may be over-estimated while production figures, on the other hand, tend to be underrated. The government could thus be mislead and choose inadequate policies.
Volkswirtschaftslehre I
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Author : A. Stobbe
language : de
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Release Date : 2013-07-02
Volkswirtschaftslehre I written by A. Stobbe and has been published by Springer-Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-02 with Business & Economics categories.
Schattenwirtschaft Und Strukturwandel In Der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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Author : Roland Döhrn
language : de
Publisher: Duncker & Humblot
Release Date : 1990-07-18
Schattenwirtschaft Und Strukturwandel In Der Bundesrepublik Deutschland written by Roland Döhrn and has been published by Duncker & Humblot this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-07-18 with Electronic books categories.
Der Titel ist Open Access unter der Creative Commons Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0.
Jenseits Der Planwirtschaft
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Author : Jerzy Kochanowski
language : de
Publisher: Wallstein Verlag
Release Date : 2013-10-09
Jenseits Der Planwirtschaft written by Jerzy Kochanowski and has been published by Wallstein Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-09 with History categories.
Bereits 1945 kursierte im neuen Volkspolen der Witz: "Was passiert in der Sahara, wenn die Kommunisten kommen? Der Sand wird knapp!" Jerzy Kochanowskis Buch beleuchtet die Versuche von Partei und Staat im Nachkriegspolen, die "sozialistische Wüste" sowohl zu "bewässern" als auch möglichst hohe Erträge aus ihr herauszupressen. Da die meisten Betriebe verstaatlicht worden waren, mussten sich die gesellschaftlichen Akteure auf ein kompliziertes Spiel mit staatlichen Instanzen einlassen, wobei habituell gegen geltendes Recht verstoßen wurde. Diese heikle Interaktion von Planwirtschaft und Schwarzmarkt hielt fast ein halbes Jahrhundert an. Kochanowski untersucht umfassend das friktionsträchtige Zusammenspiel von dirigistischer Wirtschaftspolitik und informellem Wirtschaftssektor in einem Land des sowjetischen Hegemonialbereichs. Mittels interdisziplinärem Zugriff beschreibt er Verhaltensweisen, Mechanismen, Prozesse und Strategien der am Schwarzmarkt beteiligten nichtstaatlichen wie staatlichen Akteure - vom Handel unter der Hand bzw. dem Ladentisch mit Fleisch, Alkohol und Gold bis zu massenhaften und touristisch getarnten privaten Handelsreisen ins Ausland.
Corruption Under Moral Hazard
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Author : Gunnar S. Eskeland
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Corruption Under Moral Hazard written by Gunnar S. Eskeland and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Bestikkelse categories.
Some corruption of employees will exist when managers are constrained in setting rewards and penalties. Attempts to reduce corruption need to address these constraints. Raising salaries without raising expected penalties will have higher costs than benefits.
Beitr Ge Zur Sterreichischen Statistik
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Author :
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1946
Beitr Ge Zur Sterreichischen Statistik written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1946 with Austria categories.
Corruption And Reform
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Author : Edward L. Glaeser
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2007-11-01
Corruption And Reform written by Edward L. Glaeser and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-01 with History categories.
Despite recent corporate scandals, the United States is among the world’s least corrupt nations. But in the nineteenth century, the degree of fraud and corruption in America approached that of today’s most corrupt developing nations, as municipal governments and robber barons alike found new ways to steal from taxpayers and swindle investors. In Corruption and Reform, contributors explore this shadowy period of United States history in search of better methods to fight corruption worldwide today. Contributors to this volume address the measurement and consequences of fraud and corruption and the forces that ultimately led to their decline within the United States. They show that various approaches to reducing corruption have met with success, such as deregulation, particularly “free banking,” in the 1830s. In the 1930s, corruption was kept in check when new federal bureaucracies replaced local administrations in doling out relief. Another deterrent to corruption was the independent press, which kept a watchful eye over government and business. These and other facets of American history analyzed in this volume make it indispensable as background for anyone interested in corruption today.
Osteuropa
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Author :
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Osteuropa written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Communism categories.