Benito Mussolini And Francisco Franco
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Benito Mussolini And Francisco Franco
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Author : Charles River
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-02-13
Benito Mussolini And Francisco Franco written by Charles River and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-13 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading It's easy to forget how young Italy was when Benito Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883. It is hard to conceive a territory with such a long and ancient history was once young and troubled with constant conflict and instability. Similar to Germany, Italy was unified in 1861, but contrary to its northern cousin, its previous history was one of separation. Italy had no great romantic idea of a "Great Germany," keeping it unified even during the wars between city-states. Benito Mussolini was born and raised in a highly volatile environment where ideas already considered extreme by most contemporary observers, such as Socialism, would undergo a deep and violent transformation. Mussolini would ride that wave to power, and he would hold it for decades as he opportunistically tried to strengthen Italy's position and empire. That would lead him to foreign interventions in Africa, and eventually an alliance with Nazi Germany's Adolf Hitler, ultimately costing him everything and devastating his country throughout World War II. Mussolini's final act was an attempt to flee his fate. On April 25, 1945, he was able to move about without German interference as the Allies advanced. He wore a German uniform to hide his identity and tried to march north with retreating troops, thinking he would find a way to freedom from Germany, but an armed force of partisan troops stopped the column on April 27, 1945. Mussolini was immediately identified, captured, and briefly jailed along with his lover, Claretta Petacci. There was no great trial waiting for Mussolini and no last moment under the spotlight. The partisan troops organized a show trial to give the proceedings some sense of legality, and on April 29, 1945, they took Mussolini and Claretta out of jail. The Italian dictator was shot, along with his lover, after which their corpses were brought back to Milan's Loreto square and hung by their feet. The very next day, Hitler would commit suicide in his bunker in Berlin, and the fighting in Europe would finally come to an end a little more than a week later. Born in the last decade of the 19th century, Francisco Franco was nevertheless synonymous with a number of trends of the 20th. In particular, his life was intertwined with the extremist ideologies of the era, in particular fascism and communism, and later the Cold War between the West and the communist bloc. In essence, however, Franco was a military man. He joined the army as a teenager and made his name as an officer in Spain's wars in Africa. When the country cast off its monarchy and declared a Republic in 1931, Franco - although relatively restrained politically during the period - stood for order and maintaining the army's role in Spanish society. When a group of officers launched a rebellion in July 1936, Franco quickly joined the army's uprising and rapidly rose to the top of the nationalist's chain of command. After his victory in the Spanish Civil War, Franco used political ideas and ideology as it suited him, though he did seem to advocate conservatism, militarism, Catholicism and monarchism. Franco adeptly steered Spain through the Second World War and the Cold War without really committing the country to any specific engagements, but he still managed to secure support and backing from more powerful allies. For the people of Spain, however, Franco was far from the benevolent figurehead he portrayed himself to be. Franco's rule was vicious and spiteful, and persecution and oppression were ever present during his dictatorship. Franco's Spain was intolerant of dissent, and by the 1970s, the country appeared to outsiders to be completely under his control and influence. It seemed likely that his successors would continue to rule in his image or, more worryingly, that far left groups would challenge a post-Franco autocrat.
Francisco Franco
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Author : Hourly History
language : en
Publisher: Hourly History
Release Date : 2017-09-26
Francisco Franco written by Hourly History and has been published by Hourly History this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-26 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
It has been several decades now since Francisco Franco’s passing in 1975, and yet his legacy still seems very much in the air. Depending on who you talk to, Franco was a fascist and a peacemaker, a destroyer and a savior, an idiot and a genius. Even after all this time, opinions of just who Franco was and how he contributed to modern civilization are up for open debate. Inside you will read about... ✓ Franco’s Conquest ✓ Allying with Mussolini ✓ Ein Fuhrer and Un Caudillo ✓ The Last Fascist Standing ✓ The End of Colonial Power ✓ The Spanish Miracle ✓ The Last Days of Francisco Franco Franco himself believed that he was doing a great service to his people. He never tired of making grandiose statements about his perceived mission to save Spanish society. Whether this was deluded self-righteousness is for others to decide. Discover Francisco Franco’s story in this book and draw your own conclusions.
The Faces Of Fascism Mussolini Hitler Franco Their Paths To Power
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Author : Stephen Graham
language : en
Publisher: BLKDOG Publishing
Release Date : 2023-06-27
The Faces Of Fascism Mussolini Hitler Franco Their Paths To Power written by Stephen Graham and has been published by BLKDOG Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-27 with Political Science categories.
The course of European history, and of the twentieth century, was shaped by the political ideologies of three men – Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, and Francisco Franco. Heading the most hardline, repressive and destructive regimes the world had ever known, their beliefs became collectively referred to as Fascism. But to what extent were the politics of these countries similar, and what beliefs were shared by the three dictators? The unfettered ambitions of these men and the terrible acts perpetrated by their regimes have seared lasting impressions of their political and military careers in the public mind, shaped to an extent by their own propaganda, having portrayed themselves as willful men of destiny. However, their origins belie their reputations, and reveal the ideological differences, political inconsistencies and personal rivalries between them, and the differing circumstances that brought them to lead very different regimes. This book is the first concise biography of each dictator on his path to power from revolutionary socialist, artistic dropout, and dutiful soldier to the most notorious names in history.
Foreign Women Authors Under Fascism And Francoism
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Author : Pilar Godayol
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2018-11-30
Foreign Women Authors Under Fascism And Francoism written by Pilar Godayol and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-30 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This collection of essays highlights cultural features and processes which characterized translation practice under the dictatorships of Benito Mussolini (1922-1940) and Francisco Franco (1939-1975). In spite of the different timeline, some similarities and parallelisms may be drawn between the power of the Fascist and the Francoist censorships exerted on the Italian and Spanish publishing and translation policies. Entrusted to European specialists, this collection of articles brings to the fore the “microhistory” that exists behind every publishing proposal, whether collective or individual, to translate a foreign woman writer during those two totalitarian political periods. The nine chapters presented here are not a global study of the history of translation in those black times in contemporary culture, but rather a collection of varied cases, small stories of publishers, collections, translations and translators that, despite many disappointments but with the occasional success, managed to undermine the ideological and literary currents of the dictatorships of Mussolini and Franco.
World War Ii 1939 1945
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Author : Tim McNeese
language : en
Publisher: Chelsea House
Release Date : 2010
World War Ii 1939 1945 written by Tim McNeese and has been published by Chelsea House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Electronic books categories.
During the 1930s, as the world faced a crippling economic depression following the fancy-free "Roaring Twenties," several dictators began their rise to power around the world. Men like Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Francisco Franco, Joseph Stalin, and the warlords of Japan pushed political boundaries and physical borders until whole countries either were invaded or annexed to the Axis powers. The United States, believing it was safe from this kind of invasion, established an isolationist policy that allowed it to remain neutral. The inaction of the U.S. government would not last for long, though, as the shock and outrage of the attack on Hawaii's Pearl Harbor plunged the United States into the greatest war in history, one whose effects are still felt today. In this war's aftermath, America, alongside its allies, emerged in a position of greater power than it had ever known before. In World War II: 1939-1945, read about the all-encompassing world war that created America's "Greatest Generation."
Mediterranean Fascism 1919 1945
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Author : Charles F. Delzell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Mediterranean Fascism 1919 1945 written by Charles F. Delzell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Political Science categories.
Latin Fascist Elites
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Author : Paul H. Lewis
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2002-12-30
Latin Fascist Elites written by Paul H. Lewis and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-12-30 with Political Science categories.
Many dictatorships are short-lived, but a few manage to stay in power for decades. Lewis takes three Latin fascist tyrants—Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar—and shows how they perpetuated their rule through the careful recruitment and circulation of top-echelon subordinates to carry out their orders. Long-established dictatorships have to respond to political and social pressures surrounding them, just as democracies do, but it is harder to study them because they are closed systems. One possible way of viewing their internal processes is by observing who they recruit into top leadership positions. Every dictator, however powerful, must delegate some authortiy to an elite stratum just below him. By watching which kinds of men are recruited, how long they are kept in power, and whether different skills are sought at different times, it may be possible to chart the evolution of a 20- or 30-year regime. The Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar regimes all fit the criteria of being long-established. Mussolini ruled for almost 21 years, Franco for over 37, and Salazar for 36. Moreover, all three shared a family resemblance as being fascist. Comparing them affords the additional advantage of adding to our understanding of the Latin variant of fascism, as contrasted to the Central and Eastern European. A provocative work for scholars, students, and other researchers involved with European Politics, Modern European History, and fascist regimes.
Italian Intervention In The Spanish Civil War
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Author : John F. Coverdale
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2015-03-08
Italian Intervention In The Spanish Civil War written by John F. Coverdale and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-08 with History categories.
Using hitherto unavailable material from the Italian foreign ministry, Franco's headquarters, and Mussolini's secretariat, John F. Coverdale traces the development of Italo-Spanish relations from the beginning of the Fascist regime. His analysis reveals that traditional foreign policy outweighed ideological and internal political considerations in Mussolini's decision making. John F. Coverdale finds that while Italy's support was essential to Franco's victory, Rome exercised very little influence on his decisions. The author concludes that participation in the Spanish Civil War was less important than is generally believed in determining Italy's entrance into World War II on Hitler's side, and that it did not significantly weaken her armed forces. Originally published in 1976. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Italian Fascism And Spanish Falangism In Comparison
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Author : Giorgia Priorelli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-01
Italian Fascism And Spanish Falangism In Comparison written by Giorgia Priorelli and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-01 with History categories.
This book compares the Italian Fascist and the Spanish Falangist political cultures from the early 1930s to the early 1940s, using the idea of the nation as the focus of the comparison. It argues that the discourse on the nation represented a common denominator between these two manifestations of the fascist phenomenon in Mussolini’s Italy and Franco’s Spain. Exploring the similarities and differences between these two political cultures, this study investigates how Fascist and Falangist ideologues defined and developed their own idea of the nation over time to legitimise their power within their respective countries. It examines to what extent their concept of the nation influenced Italian and Spanish domestic and foreign policies. The book offers a four-level framework for understanding the evolution of the fascist idea of the nation: the ideology of the nation, the imperial projects of Fascism and Falangism, race and the nation, and the place of these cultures in the new Nazi continental order. In doing so, it shows how these ideas of the nation had significant repercussions on fascist political practice.
The Crucible Of Francoism
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Author : Ángel Alcalde
language : en
Publisher: Liverpool University Press
Release Date : 2021-10-01
The Crucible Of Francoism written by Ángel Alcalde and has been published by Liverpool University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-01 with History categories.
The July 1936 coup d'tat against the Spanish Second Republic brought together a diversity of anti-Republican political and social groups under the leadership of rebel Africanista military officers. In the ensuing Civil War this coalition gradually came under the rule of Generalissimo Franco. This volume explores the hypothesis that the violence and combat experiences of the war were the fundamental ideological crucible for the Francoist regime. The rebels were a group of reactionary and anti-liberal forces with little ideological or political coherence, but they emerged from the conflict not only victorious but ideologically united under the dictator's power. Key to understanding this transition are the different political cultures of the rebel army, how the combatants' war experiences contributed to the transformation of diverse rebel groups, and the role of foreign armed intervention. The contributors examine not only the endogenous Spanish political and military cultures of the Francoist coalition, but also the transnational influence of foreign groups. The roots of Francoist political culture are found in the Falangist and Carlist militias, and Civil Guard units, that lent their support to the military rebellion. The war experiences of conscripts, colonial troops, and junior officers forged the Francoist ideology. It was reinforced by fascist influences and assistance from Germany and Italy, and the lesser-known contributions of Swiss and White Russian volunteers. At the beginning of the conflict the rebel side was not homogeneous. But it weaved together a complex, transnational web of political and military interests in the midst of a bloody and destructive war, transforming itself in the process to a political and dictatorial platform that was to rule Spain for many years.