Between Probability And Certainty


Between Probability And Certainty
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Between Probability And Certainty


Between Probability And Certainty
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Author : Martin Smith
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-11-17

Between Probability And Certainty written by Martin Smith and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-17 with Philosophy categories.


Martin Smith explores a question central to philosophy—namely, what does it take for a belief to be justified or rational? According to a widespread view, whether one has justification for believing a proposition is determined by how probable that proposition is, given one's evidence. In the present book this view is rejected and replaced with another: in order for one to have justification for believing a proposition, one's evidence must normically support it—roughly, one's evidence must make the falsity of that proposition abnormal in the sense of calling for special, independent explanation. This conception of justification bears upon a range of topics in epistemology and beyond, including the relation between justification and knowledge, the force of statistical evidence, the problem of scepticism, the lottery and preface paradoxes, the viability of multiple premise closure, the internalist/externalist debate, the psychology of human reasoning, and the relation between belief and degrees of belief. Ultimately, this way of looking at justification guides us to a new, unfamiliar picture of how we should respond to our evidence and manage our own fallibility. This picture is developed here.



Probability And Certainty In Seventeenth Century England


Probability And Certainty In Seventeenth Century England
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Author : Barbara J. Shapiro
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983

Probability And Certainty In Seventeenth Century England written by Barbara J. Shapiro and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with England categories.


The Description for this book, Probability and Certainty in Seventeenth-Century England: A Study of the Relationships Between National Science, Religion, History, Law, and Literature, will be forthcoming.



Between Certainty And Uncertainty


Between Certainty And Uncertainty
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Author : Ludomir M. Laudański
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-10-14

Between Certainty And Uncertainty written by Ludomir M. Laudański and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-14 with Mathematics categories.


„Between Certainty & Uncertainty” is a one-of–a-kind short course on statistics for students, engineers and researchers. It is a fascinating introduction to statistics and probability with notes on historical origins and 80 illustrative numerical examples organized in the five units: · Chapter 1 Descriptive Statistics: Compressing small samples, basic averages - mean and variance, their main properties including God’s proof; linear transformations and z-scored statistics . · Chapter 2 Grouped data: Udny Yule’s concept of qualitative and quantitative variables. Grouping these two kinds of data. Graphical tools. Combinatorial rules and qualitative variables. Designing frequency histogram. Direct and coded evaluation of quantitative data. Significance of percentiles. · Chapter 3 Regression and correlation: Geometrical distance and equivalent distances in two orthogonal directions as a prerequisite to the concept of two regression lines. Misleading in interpreting two regression lines. Derivation of the two regression lines. Was Hubble right? Houbolt’s cloud. What in fact measures the correlation coefficient? · Chapter 4 Binomial distribution: Middle ages origins of the binomials; figurate numbers and combinatorial rules. Pascal’s Arithmetical Triangle. Bernoulli’s or Poisson Trials? John Arbuthnot curing binomials. How Newton taught S. Pepys probability. Jacob Bernoulli’s Weak Law of Large Numbers and others. · Chapter 5 Normal distribution and binomial heritage – Tables of the normal distribution. Abraham de Moivre and the second theorem of de Moivre-Laplace. · Chapter 1 Descriptive Statistics: Compressing small samples, basic averages - mean and variance, their main properties including God’s proof; linear transformations and z-scored statistics . · Chapter 2 Grouped data: Udny Yule’s concept of qualitative and quantitative variables. Grouping these two kinds of data. Graphical tools. Combinatorial rules and qualitative variables. Designing frequency histogram. Direct and coded evaluation of quantitative data. Significance of percentiles. · Chapter 3 Regression and correlation: Geometrical distance and equivalent distances in two orthogonal directions as a prerequisite to the concept of two regression lines. Misleading in interpreting two regression lines. Derivation of the two regression lines. Was Hubble right? Houbolt’s cloud. What in fact measures the correlation coefficient? · Chapter 4 Binomial distribution: Middle ages origins of the binomials; figurate numbers and combinatorial rules. Pascal’s Arithmetical Triangle. Bernoulli’s or Poisson Trials? John Arbuthnot curing binomials. How Newton taught S. Pepys probability. Jacob Bernoulli’s Weak Law of Large Numbers and others. · Chapter 5 Normal distribution and binomial heritage – Tables of the normal distribution. Abraham de Moivre and the second theorem of de Moivre-Laplace. · Chapter 5 Normal distribution and binomial heritage – Tables of the normal distribution. Abraham de Moivre and the second theorem of de Moivre-Laplace.



Probability And Certainty


Probability And Certainty
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Author : Emile Borel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1963

Probability And Certainty written by Emile Borel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1963 with Certainty categories.




The Search For Certainty


The Search For Certainty
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Author : Krzysztof Burdzy
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2009

The Search For Certainty written by Krzysztof Burdzy and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Mathematics categories.


This volume represents a radical departure from the current philosophical duopoly in the area of foundations of probability, that is, the frequency and subjective theories. One of the main new ideas is a set of scientific laws of probability. The new laws are simple, intuitive and, last but not least, they agree well with the contents of current textbooks on probability. Another major new claim is that the OC frequency statisticsOCO has nothing in common with the OC frequency philosophy of probability, OCO contrary to popular belief. Similarly, contrary to the general perception, the OC Bayesian statisticsOCO shares nothing in common with the OC subjective philosophy of probability.OCO The book is non-partisan on the scientific side OCo it is supportive of both frequency statistics and Bayesian statistics. On the other hand, it contains well-documented and thoroughly-explained criticisms of the frequency and subjective philosophies of probability. Short reviews of other philosophical theories of probability and basic mathematical methods of probability and statistics are incorporated. The book includes substantial chapters on decision theory and teaching probability, and it is easily accessible to the general audience



The Search For Certainty


The Search For Certainty
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :

The Search For Certainty written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.




Pathways To Probability


Pathways To Probability
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Author : Amy C. King
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1963

Pathways To Probability written by Amy C. King and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1963 with categories.




Briefly 25 Great Philosophers From Plato To Sartre


Briefly 25 Great Philosophers From Plato To Sartre
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Author : Davild Mills Daniel
language : en
Publisher: SCM Press
Release Date : 2013-09-19

Briefly 25 Great Philosophers From Plato To Sartre written by Davild Mills Daniel and has been published by SCM Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-19 with Religion categories.


SCM Briefly 25 Great Philosophers offers a brief guide to the lives, writings and principal philosophical ideas of some of the world’s great philosophers, from Plato to Jean Paul Sartre. Here is a brief and accessible introduction to philosophy and its main proponents. In only five pages, readers get an introduction to the life, the context and the writing of each philosopher. A glossary of philosophical terms is provided at the end of the book



Belief Evidence And Uncertainty


Belief Evidence And Uncertainty
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Author : Prasanta S. Bandyopadhyay
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-03-04

Belief Evidence And Uncertainty written by Prasanta S. Bandyopadhyay and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-04 with Science categories.


This work breaks new ground by carefully distinguishing the concepts of belief, confirmation, and evidence and then integrating them into a better understanding of personal and scientific epistemologies. It outlines a probabilistic framework in which subjective features of personal knowledge and objective features of public knowledge have their true place. It also discusses the bearings of some statistical theorems on both formal and traditional epistemologies while showing how some of the existing paradoxes in both can be resolved with the help of this framework.This book has two central aims: First, to make precise a distinction between the concepts of confirmation and evidence and to argue that failure to recognize this distinction is the source of certain otherwise intractable epistemological problems. The second goal is to demonstrate to philosophers the fundamental importance of statistical and probabilistic methods, at stake in the uncertain conditions in which for the most part we lead our lives, not simply to inferential practice in science, where they are now standard, but to epistemic inference in other contexts as well. Although the argument is rigorous, it is also accessible. No technical knowledge beyond the rudiments of probability theory, arithmetic, and algebra is presupposed, otherwise unfamiliar terms are always defined and a number of concrete examples are given. At the same time, fresh analyses are offered with a discussion of statistical and epistemic reasoning by philosophers. This book will also be of interest to scientists and statisticians looking for a larger view of their own inferential techniques.The book concludes with a technical appendix which introduces an evidential approach to multi-model inference as an alternative to Bayesian model averaging.



The Theory Of Knowledge


The Theory Of Knowledge
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Author : Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1896

The Theory Of Knowledge written by Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1896 with Philosophy categories.