Bias In Science And Communication
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Bias In Science And Communication
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Author : Matthew Welsh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018-05-23
Bias In Science And Communication written by Matthew Welsh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-23 with categories.
Bias in Science and Communication introduces a wide variety of biases affecting human cognition, with a specific focus on how they affect scientists and the communication of science. Bias is a natural outcome of our thinking as the nature of our cognitive processes leads to inherent limitations, resulting in predictable biases in both our own judgements and the interpretation of our communications by the public, policymakers and even other scientists. The role of this book is to lay out how these common biases affect the specific types of judgements, decisions and communications made by scientists. The book is divided into four parts. The first introduces the reader to a variety of decision biases (including a pre-reading test to demonstrate these), the field of decision-making in general and fundamental considerations regarding the psychology underlying different types of communication. Each chapter in the second section of the book focuses on a specific bias or a set of related, decision-making tendencies, describing the general effect, examples including those from the pre-reading quiz, how they impact decisions and some of the implications for scientists' decisions and communications. This is followed by a set of chapters that brings insights about these individual biases together to demonstrate how they can combine and interact to produce a variety of well documented effects including publication bias and stubborn denial of what, to scientists, are regarded as accepted facts. It also covers, more broadly, the ways in which biases can be overcome or avoided. Finally, the concluding section is the 'field guide' drawing overall conclusions about the impact of biases on science and communication, with advice on how to recognise biases, and a summary of what we know about their modes of action and amelioration strategies. That is, advice to help readers to identify and reduce biases in their own thinking and communications.
Bias In Science And Communication
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Author : Matthew Brian Welsh
language : en
Publisher: IOP Publishing Limited
Release Date : 2018
Bias In Science And Communication written by Matthew Brian Welsh and has been published by IOP Publishing Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Science categories.
This book is intended as an introduction to a wide variety of biases affecting human cognition, with a specific focus on how they affect scientists and the communication of science. The role of this book is to lay out how these common biases affect the specific types of judgements, decisions and communications made by scientists.
The Oxford Handbook Of The Science Of Science Communication
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Author : Kathleen Hall Jamieson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-05-17
The Oxford Handbook Of The Science Of Science Communication written by Kathleen Hall Jamieson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-17 with Psychology categories.
The proposal to vaccinate adolescent girls against the human papilloma virus ignited political controversy, as did the advent of fracking and a host of other emerging technologies. These disputes attest to the persistent gap between expert and public perceptions. Complicating the communication of sound science and the debates that surround the societal applications of that science is a changing media environment in which misinformation can elicit belief without corrective context and likeminded individuals are prone to seek ideologically comforting information within their own self-constructed media enclaves. Drawing on the expertise of leading science communication scholars from six countries, The Oxford Handbook of the Science of Science Communication not only charts the media landscape - from news and entertainment to blogs and films - but also examines the powers and perils of human biases - from the disposition to seek confirming evidence to the inclination to overweight endpoints in a trend line. In the process, it draws together the best available social science on ways to communicate science while also minimizing the pernicious effects of human bias. The Handbook adds case studies exploring instances in which communication undercut or facilitated the access to scientific evidence. The range of topics addressed is wide, from genetically engineered organisms and nanotechnology to vaccination controversies and climate change. Also unique to this book is a focus on the complexities of involving the public in decision making about the uses of science, the regulations that should govern its application, and the ethical boundaries within which science should operate. The Handbook is an invaluable resource for researchers in the communication fields, particularly in science and health communication, as well as to scholars involved in research on scientific topics susceptible to distortion in partisan debate.
Science Communication Tome 1
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Author : James A. Levine
language : en
Publisher: Fondation Ipsen BookLab
Release Date : 2023-09-27
Science Communication Tome 1 written by James A. Levine and has been published by Fondation Ipsen BookLab this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-27 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Effective and accurate science communication is vital for bridging the gap between scientists and the public. By conveying complex scientific concepts in a clear and engaging manner, writers, communicators, and scientists can increase public understanding and foster informed decision-making. Key elements of effective communication include tailoring the message to the target audience, using simple and relatable language, and incorporating visuals and storytelling techniques. Additionally, transparency and openness about uncertainties and limitations of scientific research build trust. The purpose of this guide is to encourage communicators to convey science accurately and effectively and to help scientists communicate their findings to the public. This is not a comprehensive communications textbook. It is a ‘quick read’. Each chapter is short and designed to be read in 5 minutes and is self-contained making it perfect to dip into. Collaboration between writers, health advocates, scientists, journalists, and educators can enhance the dissemination of accurate information. By embracing effective communication strategies, scientists can inspire curiosity, promote scientific literacy, and encourage public engagement with science. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr Levine, M.D., Ph.D., is currently Professor of Endocrinology and Nutrition Research at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona. Having trained in clinical nutrition as a scholar at the University of Cambridge, He has dedicated his scientific career to promoting health in adults and children through education and innovation. He holds five tenured professorships at Arizona State University (ASU), is the Dean’s Distinguished Professor of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, and the Regents Professor at Umea University, Sweden. He also serves as the co-director of Obesity Solutions, a collaboration between Mayo Clinic and ASU, and is the international director of Obesity Solutions’ sister center in Sweden. He is an internationally renowned expert in obesity, serving as a named expert at the United Nations, an invitee to the President’s Cancer Panel, and a consultant to governments internationally. He serves on the board of the International Center of Missing and Exploited Children. He has authored over 120 scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals and has published novels focused on issues of child exploitation, in more than thirty countries. He has won literary awards (United States, France and the United Kingdom) and has produced several documentaries.
Communicating Science Effectively
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-03-08
Communicating Science Effectively written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-08 with Science categories.
Science and technology are embedded in virtually every aspect of modern life. As a result, people face an increasing need to integrate information from science with their personal values and other considerations as they make important life decisions about medical care, the safety of foods, what to do about climate change, and many other issues. Communicating science effectively, however, is a complex task and an acquired skill. Moreover, the approaches to communicating science that will be most effective for specific audiences and circumstances are not obvious. Fortunately, there is an expanding science base from diverse disciplines that can support science communicators in making these determinations. Communicating Science Effectively offers a research agenda for science communicators and researchers seeking to apply this research and fill gaps in knowledge about how to communicate effectively about science, focusing in particular on issues that are contentious in the public sphere. To inform this research agenda, this publication identifies important influences â€" psychological, economic, political, social, cultural, and media-related â€" on how science related to such issues is understood, perceived, and used.
Breaking Through Bias Second Edition
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Author : Andrea S. Kramer
language : en
Publisher: Nicholas Brealey
Release Date : 2020-09-01
Breaking Through Bias Second Edition written by Andrea S. Kramer and has been published by Nicholas Brealey this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Fully Revised Second Edition Since Breaking Through Bias was published in 2016, the #MeToo movement has exposed just how pervasive sexual harassment is in the workplace; the increase in public misogynistic comments has made clear that explicit gender bias is not a thing of the past; and stay-at-home orders and school closings due to Covid-19 have brought into even sharper focus the discriminatory impact of the unequal division of child care and household responsibilities between most couples. In this Second Edition of Breaking Through Bias, the authors, Kramer and Harris, explain how these recent developments fit into a larger pattern of implicit or unconscious gender bias that imposes serious obstacles to women's career advancement. They argue persuasively, however, that while this bias is the result of deeply rooted gender stereotypes, women can avoid or overcome its discriminatory consequences by the effective use of "attuned gender communication" to manage the impressions other people have of them. Kramer and Harris illustrate the use of attuned gender communication in each of the contexts in which gender bias manifests itself: negative bias (women are not as talented as men), benevolent bias (women need men's support), age bias (older women are not effective workers), motherhood bias (women with children are not committed to their careers), and self-limiting bias (women believing themselves not suited for particular roles). Drawing on decades of experience supervising, training, evaluating, mentoring, and sponsoring thousands of women as well as exhaustive social science research, Kramer and Harris present in this updated and fully revised Second Edition unique, practical, and highly effective advice women can use to break through bias and achieve the career success they desire and deserve.
You Re Not Listening
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Author : Kate Murphy
language : en
Publisher: Random House
Release Date : 2020-01-23
You Re Not Listening written by Kate Murphy and has been published by Random House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-23 with Social Science categories.
'BRILLIANT' Chris Evans, Virgin Radio Breakfast Show When was the last time you listened to someone, or someone really listened to you? This life-changing book will transform your conversations forever. At work, we're taught to lead the conversation. On social media, we shape our personal narratives. At parties, we talk over one another. So do our politicians. We're not listening. And no one is listening to us. Now more than ever, we need to listen to those around us. New York Times contributor Kate Murphy draws on countless conversations she has had with everyone from priests to CIA interrogators, focus group moderators to bartenders, her great-great aunt to her friend's toddler, to show how only by listening well can we truly connect with others. Listening has the potential to transform our relationships and our working lives, improve our self-knowledge, and increase our creativity and happiness. While it may take some effort, it's a skill that can be learnt and perfected. When all we crave is to understand and be understood, You're Not Listening shows us how. * With a new afterword by the author * 'This book couldn't be more timely. Inspiringly profound...smart and playful' Observer 'I'll be adopting Murphy's advice' Sunday Times, Style
Rationalist Bias In Communication Theory
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Author : Shedletsky, Leonard
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2021-06-04
Rationalist Bias In Communication Theory written by Shedletsky, Leonard and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-04 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
While communication theory has not recognized the implications of the social intuitionist model, psychologists have gathered an impressive body of evidence to support the theory. In social cognition research, there was the idea that human inferential processes are conscious, rational, logical, and accurate, and this belief continues somewhat in the behavioral sciences although there is evidence that it is incorrect. A fresh examination is needed on just how these inferences by the receiver and the implications by the sender, carried out at high speed, impact our understanding of the communication process. Simply put, until now the default case in communication theory is the belief that we consciously reason and then we act. However, that may not be entirely true. Rationalist Bias in Communication Theory applies social intuition theory to human communication. This book explores how research has missed accounting for a critical fact about human communication in the theories of communication, namely that we as humans can respond to one another and to all kinds of stimuli faster than we can deliberate. By applying intuitive cognition to communication, a new light can be shed on the communication process, which is what the chapters prove and discuss. This book is valuable for social scientists, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in new theories in communication theory.
A Bias Radar For Responsible Policy Making
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Author : Lieve Van Woensel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-12-26
A Bias Radar For Responsible Policy Making written by Lieve Van Woensel and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-26 with Political Science categories.
Policymakers prepare society for the future and this book provides a practical toolkit for preparing pro-active, future-proof scientific policy advice for them. It explains how to make scientific advisory strategies holistic. It also explains how and where biases, which interfere with the proper functioning of the entire science-policy ecosystem, arise and investigates how emotions and other biases affect the understanding and assessment of scientific evidence. The book advocates explorative foresight, systems thinking, interdisciplinarity, bias awareness and the anticipation of undesirable impacts in policy advising, and it offers practical guidance for them. Written in an accessible style, the book offers provocative reflections on how scientific policy advice should be sensitive to more than scientific evidence. It is both an appealing introductory text for everyone interested in science-based policy and a valuable guide for the experienced scientific adviser and policy scholar. "This book is a valuable read for all stakeholders in the scientific advisory ecosystem. Lieve Van Woensel offers concrete methods to bridge the gap between scientific advice and policy making, to assess the possible societal impacts of complex scientific and technological developments, and to support decision-makers’ more strategic understanding of the issues they have to make decisions about. I was privileged to see them proove their value as I worked with Lieve on the pilot project of the Scientific Foresight unit for The European Parliament’s STOA panel.” - Kristel Van der Elst, CEO, The Global Foresight Group; Executive Head, Policy Horizons Canada “A must-read for not only scientific policy advisers, but also those interested in the ethics of scientific advisory processes. Lieve Van Woensel walks readers through a well-structured practical toolkit that bases policy advice on more than scientific evidence by taking into account policies’ potential effects on society and the environment.” - Dr Paul Rübig, Former Member of the European Parliament and former Chair of the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology
Cognition And Communication
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Author : Norbert Schwarz
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-03-05
Cognition And Communication written by Norbert Schwarz and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-05 with Psychology categories.
Psychological research into human cognition and judgment reveals a wide range of biases and shortcomings. Whether we form impressions of other people, recall episodes from memory, report our attitudes in an opinion poll, or make important decisions, we often get it wrong. The errors made are not trivial and often seem to violate common sense and basic logic. A closer look at the underlying processes, however, suggests that many of the well known fallacies do not necessarily reflect inherent shortcomings of human judgment. Rather, they partially reflect that research participants bring the tacit assumptions that govern the conduct of conversation in daily life to the research situation. According to these assumptions, communicated information comes with a guarantee of relevance and listeners are entitled to assume that the speaker tries to be informative, truthful, relevant, and clear. Moreover, listeners interpret the speakers' utterances on the assumption that they are trying to live up to these ideals. This book introduces social science researchers to the "logic of conversation" developed by Paul Grice, a philosopher of language, who proposed the cooperative principle and a set of maxims on which conversationalists implicitly rely. The author applies this framework to a wide range of topics, including research on person perception, decision making, and the emergence of context effects in attitude measurement and public opinion research. Experimental studies reveal that the biases generally seen in such research are, in part, a function of violations of Gricean conversational norms. The author discusses implications for the design of experiments and questionnaires and addresses the socially contextualized nature of human judgment.