Biased Trials
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Biased Trials
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Author : Goran Dominioni
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-05-01
Biased Trials written by Goran Dominioni and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-01 with Law categories.
Goran Dominioni argues that research in behavioral economics, psychology, and neurosciences can offer novel insights on whether court decisions are accurate, non-discriminatory, and maximize social welfare. The author also shows that insights from these areas of research can help to improve trial outcomes if carefully applied to craft trial rules and practices. He covers central themes in behavioral law and economics, such as implicit racial biases, the fundamental attribution error, and gender-related biases.
Selection Bias And Covariate Imbalances In Randomized Clinical Trials
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Author : Vance Berger
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2007-10-22
Selection Bias And Covariate Imbalances In Randomized Clinical Trials written by Vance Berger and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-22 with Mathematics categories.
Selection bias can, and does, occur, even in randomized clinical trials. Steps need to be taken in order to ensure that this does not compromise the integrity of clinical trials; hence “Selection Bias and Covariate Imbalances in Randomized Clinical Trials” offers a comprehensive treatment of the subject and the methodology involved. This book: Provides an overview of the hierarchy of study designs, and justifies the position of randomised trials at the top of this hierarchy. Discusses the strengths and defects of randomisation, and provides real evidence to justify concern regarding its defects. Outlays the damaging consequences that selection bias causes when it does occur. Considers courses of action that can be taken to manage/ contain the problem. Presents methods that can be used to detect selection bias in randomised trials, and methods to correct for selection bias. Concludes by providing a comprehensive plan for managing baseline imbalances and selection bias in randomised trials, and proposing open problems for future research. Illustrated with case studies, this book introduces groundbreaking ideas and research that will be invaluable to researchers and practitioners who design and analyse clinical trials. It will also be of interest to graduate students within the field of biostatistics.
Blinding As A Solution To Bias
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Author : Christopher T Robertson
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-01-30
Blinding As A Solution To Bias written by Christopher T Robertson and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-30 with Law categories.
What information should jurors have during court proceedings to render a just decision? Should politicians know who is donating money to their campaigns? Will scientists draw biased conclusions about drug efficacy when they know more about the patient or study population? The potential for bias in decision-making by physicians, lawyers, politicians, and scientists has been recognized for hundreds of years and drawn attention from media and scholars seeking to understand the role that conflicts of interests and other psychological processes play. However, commonly proposed solutions to biased decision-making, such as transparency (disclosing conflicts) or exclusion (avoiding conflicts) do not directly solve the underlying problem of bias and may have unintended consequences. Robertson and Kesselheim bring together a renowned group of interdisciplinary scholars to consider another way to reduce the risk of biased decision-making: blinding. What are the advantages and limitations of blinding? How can we quantify the biases in unblinded research? Can we develop new ways to blind decision-makers? What are the ethical problems with withholding information from decision-makers in the course of blinding? How can blinding be adapted to legal and scientific procedures and in institutions not previously open to this approach? Fundamentally, these sorts of questions—about who needs to know what—open new doors of inquiry for the design of scientific research studies, regulatory institutions, and courts. The volume surveys the theory, practice, and future of blinding, drawing upon leading authors with a diverse range of methodologies and areas of expertise, including forensic sciences, medicine, law, philosophy, economics, psychology, sociology, and statistics. Introduces readers to the primary policy issue this book seeks to address: biased decision-making. Provides a focus on blinding as a solution to bias, which has applicability in many domains. Traces the development of blinding as a solution to bias, and explores the different ways blinding has been employed. Includes case studies to explore particular uses of blinding for statisticians, radiologists, and fingerprint examiners, and whether the jurors and judges who rely upon them will value and understand blinding.
Civil Trials Bench Book
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Civil Trials Bench Book written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Civil procedure categories.
This book provides guidance for judicial officer in the conduct of civil proceedings, from preliminary matters to the conduct of final proceedings and the assessment of damages and costs. It contains concise statements of relevant legal principles, references to legislation, sample orders for judicial official to use where suitable and checklists applicable to various kinds of issues that arise in the course of managing and conducting civil litigation.
Is The Selection Of Cases For Trial Biased
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Author : Donald Wittman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Is The Selection Of Cases For Trial Biased written by Donald Wittman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Bias (Law) categories.
Publication Bias In Meta Analysis
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Author : Hannah R. Rothstein
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2006-02-03
Publication Bias In Meta Analysis written by Hannah R. Rothstein and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-03 with Mathematics categories.
Publication bias is the tendency to decide to publish a study based on the results of the study, rather than on the basis of its theoretical or methodological quality. It can arise from selective publication of favorable results, or of statistically significant results. This threatens the validity of conclusions drawn from reviews of published scientific research. Meta-analysis is now used in numerous scientific disciplines, summarizing quantitative evidence from multiple studies. If the literature being synthesised has been affected by publication bias, this in turn biases the meta-analytic results, potentially producing overstated conclusions. Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis examines the different types of publication bias, and presents the methods for estimating and reducing publication bias, or eliminating it altogether. Written by leading experts, adopting a practical and multidisciplinary approach. Provides comprehensive coverage of the topic including: Different types of publication bias, Mechanisms that may induce them, Empirical evidence for their existence, Statistical methods to address them, Ways in which they can be avoided. Features worked examples and common data sets throughout. Explains and compares all available software used for analysing and reducing publication bias. Accompanied by a website featuring software, data sets and further material. Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis adopts an inter-disciplinary approach and will make an excellent reference volume for any researchers and graduate students who conduct systematic reviews or meta-analyses. University and medical libraries, as well as pharmaceutical companies and government regulatory agencies, will also find this invaluable.
An Empirical Study Of Bias In Randomized Controlled Trials And Non Randomized Studies Of Surgical Interventions
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Author : Lakhbir Sandhu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
An Empirical Study Of Bias In Randomized Controlled Trials And Non Randomized Studies Of Surgical Interventions written by Lakhbir Sandhu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Randomization In Clinical Trials
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Author : William F. Rosenberger
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-11-23
Randomization In Clinical Trials written by William F. Rosenberger and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-23 with Mathematics categories.
Praise for the First Edition “All medical statisticians involved in clinical trials should read this book…” - Controlled Clinical Trials Featuring a unique combination of the applied aspects of randomization in clinical trials with a nonparametric approach to inference, Randomization in Clinical Trials: Theory and Practice, Second Edition is the go-to guide for biostatisticians and pharmaceutical industry statisticians. Randomization in Clinical Trials: Theory and Practice, Second Edition features: Discussions on current philosophies, controversies, and new developments in the increasingly important role of randomization techniques in clinical trials A new chapter on covariate-adaptive randomization, including minimization techniques and inference New developments in restricted randomization and an increased focus on computation of randomization tests as opposed to the asymptotic theory of randomization tests Plenty of problem sets, theoretical exercises, and short computer simulations using SAS® to facilitate classroom teaching, simplify the mathematics, and ease readers’ understanding Randomization in Clinical Trials: Theory and Practice, Second Edition is an excellent reference for researchers as well as applied statisticians and biostatisticians. The Second Edition is also an ideal textbook for upper-undergraduate and graduate-level courses in biostatistics and applied statistics. William F. Rosenberger, PhD, is University Professor and Chairman of the Department of Statistics at George Mason University. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and author of over 80 refereed journal articles, as well as The Theory of Response-Adaptive Randomization in Clinical Trials, also published by Wiley. John M. Lachin, ScD, is Research Professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics as well as in the Department of Statistics at The George Washington University. A Fellow of the American Statistical Association and the Society for Clinical Trials, Dr. Lachin is actively involved in coordinating center activities for clinical trials of diabetes. He is the author of Biostatistical Methods: The Assessment of Relative Risks, Second Edition, also published by Wiley.
Bias And Causation
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Author : Herbert I. Weisberg
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-01-06
Bias And Causation written by Herbert I. Weisberg and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-06 with Mathematics categories.
A one-of-a-kind resource on identifying and dealing with bias in statistical research on causal effects Do cell phones cause cancer? Can a new curriculum increase student achievement? Determining what the real causes of such problems are, and how powerful their effects may be, are central issues in research across various fields of study. Some researchers are highly skeptical of drawing causal conclusions except in tightly controlled randomized experiments, while others discount the threats posed by different sources of bias, even in less rigorous observational studies. Bias and Causation presents a complete treatment of the subject, organizing and clarifying the diverse types of biases into a conceptual framework. The book treats various sources of bias in comparative studies—both randomized and observational—and offers guidance on how they should be addressed by researchers. Utilizing a relatively simple mathematical approach, the author develops a theory of bias that outlines the essential nature of the problem and identifies the various sources of bias that are encountered in modern research. The book begins with an introduction to the study of causal inference and the related concepts and terminology. Next, an overview is provided of the methodological issues at the core of the difficulties posed by bias. Subsequent chapters explain the concepts of selection bias, confounding, intermediate causal factors, and information bias along with the distortion of a causal effect that can result when the exposure and/or the outcome is measured with error. The book concludes with a new classification of twenty general sources of bias and practical advice on how mathematical modeling and expert judgment can be combined to achieve the most credible causal conclusions. Throughout the book, examples from the fields of medicine, public policy, and education are incorporated into the presentation of various topics. In addition, six detailed case studies illustrate concrete examples of the significance of biases in everyday research. Requiring only a basic understanding of statistics and probability theory, Bias and Causation is an excellent supplement for courses on research methods and applied statistics at the upper-undergraduate and graduate level. It is also a valuable reference for practicing researchers and methodologists in various fields of study who work with statistical data. This book was selected as the 2011 Ziegel Prize Winner in Technometrics for the best book reviewed by the journal. It is also the winner of the 2010 PROSE Award for Mathematics from The American Publishers Awards for Professional and Scholarly Excellence
Debiasing Techniques
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Author : Alison C. Smith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Debiasing Techniques written by Alison C. Smith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Hindsight bias (Psychology) categories.