Blinding As A Solution To Bias
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Blinding As A Solution To Bias
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Author : Christopher T Robertson
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-01-30
Blinding As A Solution To Bias written by Christopher T Robertson and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-30 with Law categories.
What information should jurors have during court proceedings to render a just decision? Should politicians know who is donating money to their campaigns? Will scientists draw biased conclusions about drug efficacy when they know more about the patient or study population? The potential for bias in decision-making by physicians, lawyers, politicians, and scientists has been recognized for hundreds of years and drawn attention from media and scholars seeking to understand the role that conflicts of interests and other psychological processes play. However, commonly proposed solutions to biased decision-making, such as transparency (disclosing conflicts) or exclusion (avoiding conflicts) do not directly solve the underlying problem of bias and may have unintended consequences. Robertson and Kesselheim bring together a renowned group of interdisciplinary scholars to consider another way to reduce the risk of biased decision-making: blinding. What are the advantages and limitations of blinding? How can we quantify the biases in unblinded research? Can we develop new ways to blind decision-makers? What are the ethical problems with withholding information from decision-makers in the course of blinding? How can blinding be adapted to legal and scientific procedures and in institutions not previously open to this approach? Fundamentally, these sorts of questions—about who needs to know what—open new doors of inquiry for the design of scientific research studies, regulatory institutions, and courts. The volume surveys the theory, practice, and future of blinding, drawing upon leading authors with a diverse range of methodologies and areas of expertise, including forensic sciences, medicine, law, philosophy, economics, psychology, sociology, and statistics. Introduces readers to the primary policy issue this book seeks to address: biased decision-making. Provides a focus on blinding as a solution to bias, which has applicability in many domains. Traces the development of blinding as a solution to bias, and explores the different ways blinding has been employed. Includes case studies to explore particular uses of blinding for statisticians, radiologists, and fingerprint examiners, and whether the jurors and judges who rely upon them will value and understand blinding.
Finding Your Blind Spots
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Author : Hedreich Nichols
language : en
Publisher: Solution Tree Press
Release Date : 2021-12-13
Finding Your Blind Spots written by Hedreich Nichols and has been published by Solution Tree Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-13 with Education categories.
Build bridges, foster better relationships, and establish a more inclusive school community. In her direct yet conversational style, Hedreich Nichols examines discriminatory classroom practices and offers strategies for eliminating them. You'll acquire the knowledge and skills to identify biases that adversely affect your practice and learn how to move beyond those biases to ensure a more equitable, inclusive campus culture. Recognize your own personal biases and how they affect the classroom. Learn how your language can reinforce discrimination and how to choose inclusive language instead. Understand gender and sexuality and how they relate to identity. Discover ways to celebrate and foster diversity daily. Identify microaggressions and how they create barriers to relationships. Contents: Foreword Introduction Chapter 1: Bias and Belonging Chapter 2: Bias, Guilt, and Accountability Chapter 3: Bias, Language, and Labels Chapter 4: Bias in Curriculum Chapter 5: Bias and Cultural Expression Chapter 6: Bias and Gender Equality Chapter 7: Bias and Representation Chapter 8: Bias in Action--What Not to Do and Say Conclusion References and Resources Index
Good Research Practice In Non Clinical Pharmacology And Biomedicine
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Author : Anton Bespalov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-01
Good Research Practice In Non Clinical Pharmacology And Biomedicine written by Anton Bespalov and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-01 with Cardiology categories.
This open access book, published under a CC BY 4.0 license in the Pubmed indexed book series Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, provides up-to-date information on best practice to improve experimental design and quality of research in non-clinical pharmacology and biomedicine.
Expert Failure
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Author : Roger Koppl
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2018-02-08
Expert Failure written by Roger Koppl and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Roger Koppl develops a theory of experts and expert failure, and illustrates his theory with wide-ranging examples, including that of state regulation of economic activity.
Behavioral Clinical Trials For Chronic Diseases
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Author : Lynda H. Powell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-10-13
Behavioral Clinical Trials For Chronic Diseases written by Lynda H. Powell and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-13 with Psychology categories.
This is the first comprehensive guide to the design of behavioral randomized clinical trials (RCT) for chronic diseases. It includes the scientific foundations for behavioral trial methods, problems that have been encountered in past behavioral trials, advances in design that have evolved, and promising trends and opportunities for the future. The value of this book lies in its potential to foster an ability to “speak the language of medicine” through the conduct of high-quality behavioral clinical trials that match the rigor commonly seen in double-blind drug trials. It is relevant for testing any treatment aimed at improving a behavioral, social, psychosocial, environmental, or policy-level risk factor for a chronic disease including, for example, obesity, sedentary behavior, adherence to treatment, psychosocial stress, food deserts, and fragmented care. Outcomes of interest are those that are of clinical significance in the treatment of chronic diseases, including standard risk factors such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose, and clinical outcomes such as hospitalizations, functional limitations, excess morbidity, quality of life, and mortality. This link between behavior and chronic disease requires innovative clinical trial methods not only from the behavioral sciences but also from medicine, epidemiology, and biostatistics. This integration does not exist in any current book, or in any training program, in either the behavioral sciences or medicine.
Essentials Of Research Methodology For All Physiotherapy And Allied Health Sciences Students
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Author : Thangamani A Ramalingam
language : en
Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
Release Date : 2018-11-16
Essentials Of Research Methodology For All Physiotherapy And Allied Health Sciences Students written by Thangamani A Ramalingam and has been published by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-16 with Medical categories.
Evidence Based Chiropractic Practice
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Author : Michael T. Haneline
language : en
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Release Date : 2006-08
Evidence Based Chiropractic Practice written by Michael T. Haneline and has been published by Jones & Bartlett Learning this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08 with Medical categories.
This text informs readers about the procedures involved in the practice of evidence-based chiropractic, background information that is needed to obtain and interpret chiropractic evidence, as well as practical examples to assist with implementation.
Critical Thinking In Clinical Research
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Author : Felipe Fregni
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-03-13
Critical Thinking In Clinical Research written by Felipe Fregni and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-13 with Medical categories.
One of the most crucial skills a clinician, scientist, or student can learn is to create, conduct, and interpret the conclusions of a clinical study. Critical Thinking in Clinical Research teaches these fundamentals in four distinct sections, called "units": the first unit focuses on issues surrounding the design of a study such as population, question selection, randomization, and blinding; Unit 2 presents statistical methods such as analyzing data collected, how to present and discuss the data concisely; the third unit covers practical aspects such as methodology, organizational considerations, principles of trial conduct and reporting; and the final unit delves into study designs, providing the advantages and drawbacks of each design style. Each chapter begins with a short introduction, followed by a hypothetical case that challenges the reader to make decisions, to consider pros and cons of specific approaches, and to evaluate options based on specific conditions. Knowing how to critically read and understand scientific papers and to collect, analyze, and interpret research data, which they in turn can then present in their own scientific manuscript makes this book the perfect resource for anyone looking to contribute to the wealth of scientific and medical inquiry.
Research Model Innovations In Advancing Neonatal Care
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Author : Fook-Choe Cheah
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-08-09
Research Model Innovations In Advancing Neonatal Care written by Fook-Choe Cheah and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-09 with Medical categories.
Fundamentals Of Clinical Trials
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Author : Lawrence M. Friedman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-09-09
Fundamentals Of Clinical Trials written by Lawrence M. Friedman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-09 with Medical categories.
The clinical trial is “the most definitive tool for evaluation of the applicability of clinical research.” It represents “a key research activity with the potential to improve the quality of health care and control costs through careful comparison of alternative treatments” [1]. It has been called on many occasions, “the gold st- dard” against which all other clinical research is measured. Although many clinical trials are of high quality, a careful reader of the medical literature will notice that a large number have deficiencies in design, conduct, analysis, presentation, and/or interpretation of results. Improvements have occurred over the past few decades, but too many trials are still conducted without adequate attention to its fundamental principles. Certainly, numerous studies could have been upgraded if the authors had had a better understanding of the fundamentals. Since the publication of the first edition of this book, a large number of other texts on clinical trials have appeared, most of which are indicated here [2–21]. Several of them, however, discuss only specific issues involved in clinical trials. Additionally, many are no longer current. The purpose of this fourth edition is to update areas in which major progress has been made since the publication of the third edition. We have revised most chapters considerably and added one on ethical issues.