Binaural Hearing
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Binaural Hearing
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Author : Ruth Y. Litovsky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-03-01
Binaural Hearing written by Ruth Y. Litovsky and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-01 with Medical categories.
The field of Binaural Hearing involves studies of auditory perception, physiology, and modeling, including normal and abnormal aspects of the system. Binaural processes involved in both sound localization and speech unmasking have gained a broader interest and have received growing attention in the published literature. The field has undergone some significant changes. There is now a much richer understanding of the many aspects that comprising binaural processing, its role in development, and in success and limitations of hearing-aid and cochlear-implant users. The goal of this volume is to provide an up-to-date reference on the developments and novel ideas in the field of binaural hearing. The primary readership for the volume is expected to be academic specialists in the diverse fields that connect with psychoacoustics, neuroscience, engineering, psychology, audiology, and cochlear implants. This volume will serve as an important resource by way of introduction to the field, in particular for graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, the faculty who train them and clinicians.
The Technology Of Binaural Listening
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Author : Jens Blauert
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-07
The Technology Of Binaural Listening written by Jens Blauert and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book reports on the application of advanced models of the human binaural hearing system in modern technology, among others, in the following areas: binaural analysis of aural scenes, binaural de-reverberation, binaural quality assessment of audio channels, loudspeakers and performance spaces, binaural perceptual coding, binaural processing in hearing aids and cochlea implants, binaural systems in robots, binaural/tactile human-machine interfaces, speech-intelligibility prediction in rooms and/or multi-speaker scenarios. An introduction to binaural modeling and an outlook to the future are provided. Further, the book features a MATLAB toolbox to enable readers to construct their own dedicated binaural models on demand.
Binaural And Spatial Hearing In Real And Virtual Environments
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Author : Robert Gilkey
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-25
Binaural And Spatial Hearing In Real And Virtual Environments written by Robert Gilkey and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-25 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The current popular and scientific interest in virtual environments has provided a new impetus for investigating binaural and spatial hearing. However, the many intriguing phenomena of spatial hearing have long made it an exciting area of scientific inquiry. Psychophysical and physiological investigations of spatial hearing seem to be converging on common explanations of underlying mechanisms. These understandings have in turn been incorporated into sophisticated yet mathematically tractable models of binaural interaction. Thus, binaural and spatial hearing is one of the few areas in which professionals are soon likely to find adequate physiological explanations of complex psychological phenomena that can be reasonably and usefully approximated by mathematical and physical models. This volume grew out of the Conference on Binaural and Spatial Hearing, a four-day event held at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in response to rapid developments in binaural and spatial hearing research and technology. Meant to be more than just a proceedings, it presents chapters that are longer than typical proceedings papers and contain considerably more review material, including extensive bibliographies in many cases. Arranged into topical sections, the chapters represent major thrusts in the recent literature. The authors of the first chapter in each section have been encouraged to take a broad perspective and review the current state of literature. Subsequent chapters in each section tend to be somewhat more narrowly focused, and often emphasize the authors' own work. Thus, each section provides overview, background, and current research on a particular topic. This book is significant in that it reviews the important work during the past 10 to 15 years, and provides greater breadth and depth than most of the previous works.
Binaural Interference A Guide For Audiologists
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Author : James Jerger
language : en
Publisher: Plural Publishing
Release Date : 2018-02-23
Binaural Interference A Guide For Audiologists written by James Jerger and has been published by Plural Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-23 with Medical categories.
Binaural interference occurs when the speech input to one ear interferes with the input to the other ear during binaural stimulation. The first published study on binaural interference twenty-five years ago demonstrated that some individuals, particularly older individuals, perform more poorly with two hearing aids than with one and/or more poorly with binaural than monaural stimulation on electrophysiologic as well as behavioral measures. Binaural interference is relevant to every audiologist because it impacts the successful use of binaural hearing aids and may explain communicative difficulty in noise or other challenging listening situations in persons with normal-hearing sensitivity as well as persons with hearing loss. This exciting new book written by two highly respected audiologists first traces the history of its study by researchers, then reviews the evidence, both direct and indirect, supporting its reality. This is followed by a discussion of the possible causes of the phenomenon and in-depth analysis of illustrative cases. The authors outline a systematic approach to the clinical detection, evaluation and amelioration of individuals who exhibit binaural interference. Suggestions are furnished on improved techniques for evaluation of the binaural advantage in general and on sensitized detection of the disorder in particular. The book ends with recommendations for future directions. Given the adverse impact of binaural interference on auditory function and its occurrence in a significant subset of the population with hearing loss, as well as in some individuals with normal-hearing sensitivity, research on binaural interference only recently has begun to flourish, and adaptation of audiologic clinical practice to identify, assess, and manage individuals with binaural interference has yet to become widespread. The authors intend for the book to provide impetus for pursuing further research and to encourage audiologists to explore the possibility of binaural interference when patient complaints suggest it and when performing audiologic evaluations. The book is intended for practicing clinical audiologists, audiology students, and hearing scientists.
The Technology Of Binaural Understanding
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Author : Jens Blauert
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-12
The Technology Of Binaural Understanding written by Jens Blauert and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-12 with Science categories.
Sound, devoid of meaning, would not matter to us. It is the information sound conveys that helps the brain to understand its environment. Sound and its underlying meaning are always associated with time and space. There is no sound without spatial properties, and the brain always organizes this information within a temporal–spatial framework. This book is devoted to understanding the importance of meaning for spatial and related further aspects of hearing, including cross-modal inference. People, when exposed to acoustic stimuli, do not react directly to what they hear but rather to what they hear means to them. This semiotic maxim may not always apply, for instance, when the reactions are reflexive. But, where it does apply, it poses a major challenge to the builders of models of the auditory system. Take, for example, an auditory model that is meant to be implemented on a robotic agent for autonomous search-&-rescue actions. Or think of a system that can perform judgments on the sound quality of multimedia-reproduction systems. It becomes immediately clear that such a system needs • Cognitive capabilities, including substantial inherent knowledge • The ability to integrate information across different sensory modalities To realize these functions, the auditory system provides a pair of sensory organs, the two ears, and the means to perform adequate preprocessing of the signals provided by the ears. This is realized in the subcortical parts of the auditory system. In the title of a prior book, the term Binaural Listening is used to indicate a focus on sub-cortical functions. Psychoacoustics and auditory signal processing contribute substantially to this area. The preprocessed signals are then forwarded to the cortical parts of the auditory system where, among other things, recognition, classification, localization, scene analysis, assignment of meaning, quality assessment, and action planning take place. Also, information from different sensory modalities is integrated at this level. Between sub-cortical and cortical regions of the auditory system, numerous feedback loops exist that ultimately support the high complexity and plasticity of the auditory system. The current book concentrates on these cognitive functions. Instead of processing signals, processing symbols is now the predominant modeling task. Substantial contributions to the field draw upon the knowledge acquired by cognitive psychology. The keyword Binaural Understanding in the book title characterizes this shift. Both books, The Technology of Binaural Listening and the current one, have been stimulated and supported by AABBA, an open research group devoted to the development and application of models of binaural hearing. The current book is dedicated to technologies that help explain, facilitate, apply, and support various aspects of binaural understanding. It is organized into five parts, each containing three to six chapters in order to provide a comprehensive overview of this emerging area. Each chapter was thoroughly reviewed by at least two anonymous, external experts. The first part deals with the psychophysical and physiological effects of Forming and Interpreting Aural Objects as well as the underlying models. The fundamental concepts of reflexive and reflective auditory feedback are introduced. Mechanisms of binaural attention and attention switching are covered—as well as how auditory Gestalt rules facilitate binaural understanding. A general blackboard architecture is introduced as an example of how machines can learn to form and interpret aural objects to simulate human cognitive listening. The second part, Configuring and Understanding Aural Space, focuses on the human understanding of complex three-dimensional environments—covering the psychological and biological fundamentals of auditory space formation. This part further addresses the human mechanisms used to process information and interact in complex reverberant environments, such as concert halls and forests, and additionally examines how the auditory system can learn to understand and adapt to these environments. The third part is dedicated to Processing Cross-Modal Inference and highlights the fundamental human mechanisms used to integrate auditory cues with cues from other modalities to localize and form perceptual objects. This part also provides a general framework for understanding how complex multimodal scenes can be simulated and rendered. The fourth part, Evaluating Aural-scene Quality and Speech Understanding, focuses on the object-forming aspects of binaural listening and understanding. It addresses cognitive mechanisms involved in both the understanding of speech and the processing of nonverbal information such as Sound Quality and Quality-of- Experience. The aesthetic judgment of rooms is also discussed in this context. Models that simulate underlying human processes and performance are covered in addition to techniques for rendering virtual environments that can then be used to test these models. The fifth part deals with the Application of Cognitive Mechanisms to Audio Technology. It highlights how cognitive mechanisms can be utilized to create spatial auditory illusions using binaural and other 3D-audio technologies. Further, it covers how cognitive binaural technologies can be applied to improve human performance in auditory displays and to develop new auditory technologies for interactive robots. The book concludes with the application of cognitive binaural technologies to the next generation of hearing aids.
Binaural Hearing Aids
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Author : Andreas Markides
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977-01-01
Binaural Hearing Aids written by Andreas Markides and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977-01-01 with Audition directionnelle categories.
Listening With Two Ears New Insights And Perspectives In Binaural Research
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Author : Huiming Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-11-27
Listening With Two Ears New Insights And Perspectives In Binaural Research written by Huiming Zhang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-27 with Science categories.
Hearing is dependent on neural processing of acoustic cues obtained by the left and right ears. Neural signals driven by the two ears are integrated at multiple levels of the central auditory system, which enables animals including humans to perform various functions including localization of a sound source. A natural listening environment typically contains sounds from multiple sources. These sounds can have different spectral and temporal features and occur at either the same or different time. Integration can happen among neural signals elicited by the same or different sounds. The way of integration can greatly affect how individual sounds are sensed and perceived. Functions such as auditory grouping and stream segregation, which are central to establishing coherent auditory images in a complex listening environment, are highly dependent on the way of integration. Binaural hearing is complicated by individual differences and developmental changes in head and pinna shape/size as binaural cues can be affected by these differences and changes. Furthermore, neural processing of binaural cues can be influenced by hearing impairments and the use of hearing aids and cochlear implants. These factors likely require a listener to optimize the use of binaural cues through learning and to use plastic changes in the nervous system to perform the optimization. Great strides have been made in understanding binaural processing in normal and impaired auditory systems. This Research Topic aims to highlight some of the latest findings in the following areas: 1) Animal behavioral and human psychoacoustical studies of binaural hearing; 2) Neural encoding and processing of binaural cues and structural as well as neurophysiological bases of such encoding and processing; 3) Contribution of binaural neural processing to auditory functions such as sound-source localization, binaural fusion, binaural interference, spatial release from masking, auditory grouping, and auditory stream segregation; 4) Computational models of binaural processing; 5) Learning and plastic changes in binaural processing following hearing loss or alterations of acoustic environment and structural as well as physiological bases of these behavioral changes; 6) Clinical aspects of binaural processing including application of processing strategies, including research on the benefits of bilateral cochlear implantation, and the neural correlates thereof
Binaural Hearing A Working Bibliography For Investigation Of The Efficiency Of Binaural Listening Among The Hearing Impaired
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Author : H. N. Wright
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1956
Binaural Hearing A Working Bibliography For Investigation Of The Efficiency Of Binaural Listening Among The Hearing Impaired written by H. N. Wright and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1956 with categories.
Robust Binaural Noise Reduction Strategies With Binaural Hearing Aid Constraints
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Author : Jorge I. Marin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Robust Binaural Noise Reduction Strategies With Binaural Hearing Aid Constraints written by Jorge I. Marin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Algorithms categories.
The objective of the dissertation research is to investigate noise reduction methods for binaural hearing aids based on array and statistical signal processing and inspired by a human auditory model. In digital hearing aids, wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) is the most successful technique to deal with monaural hearing losses. This WDRC processing is usually performed after a monaural noise reduction algorithm. When hearing losses are present in both ears, i.e., a binaural hearing loss, independent monaural hearing aids have been shown not to be comfortable for most users, preferring a processing that involves synchronization between both hearing devices. In addition, psycho-acoustical studies have identified that under hostile environments, e.g., babble noise at very low SNR conditions, users prefer to use linear amplification rather than WDRC. In this sense, the noise reduction algorithm becomes an important component of a digital hearing aid to provide improvement in speech intelligibility and user comfort. Including a wireless link between both hearing aids offers new ways to implement more efficient methods to reduce the background noise and coordinate processing for the two ears. This approach, called binaural hearing aid, has been recently introduced in some commercial products but using very simple processing strategies. This research analyzes the existing binaural noise-reduction techniques, proposes novel perceptually-inspired methods based on blind source separation (BSS) and multichannel Wiener filter (MWF), and identifies different strategies for the real-time implementation of these methods. The proposed methods perform efficient spatial filtering, improve SNR and speech intelligibility, minimize block processing artifacts, and can be implemented in low-power architectures.
Binaural Effects In Normal And Impaired Hearing
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Author : O. J. Pedersen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Binaural Effects In Normal And Impaired Hearing written by O. J. Pedersen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Audiology categories.