The Technology Of Binaural Understanding

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The Technology Of Binaural Understanding

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Author : Jens Blauert
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-12

The Technology Of Binaural Understanding written by Jens Blauert and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-12 with Science categories.

Sound, devoid of meaning, would not matter to us. It is the information sound conveys that helps the brain to understand its environment. Sound and its underlying meaning are always associated with time and space. There is no sound without spatial properties, and the brain always organizes this information within a temporal–spatial framework. This book is devoted to understanding the importance of meaning for spatial and related further aspects of hearing, including cross-modal inference. People, when exposed to acoustic stimuli, do not react directly to what they hear but rather to what they hear means to them. This semiotic maxim may not always apply, for instance, when the reactions are reflexive. But, where it does apply, it poses a major challenge to the builders of models of the auditory system. Take, for example, an auditory model that is meant to be implemented on a robotic agent for autonomous search-&-rescue actions. Or think of a system that can perform judgments on the sound quality of multimedia-reproduction systems. It becomes immediately clear that such a system needs • Cognitive capabilities, including substantial inherent knowledge • The ability to integrate information across different sensory modalities To realize these functions, the auditory system provides a pair of sensory organs, the two ears, and the means to perform adequate preprocessing of the signals provided by the ears. This is realized in the subcortical parts of the auditory system. In the title of a prior book, the term Binaural Listening is used to indicate a focus on sub-cortical functions. Psychoacoustics and auditory signal processing contribute substantially to this area. The preprocessed signals are then forwarded to the cortical parts of the auditory system where, among other things, recognition, classification, localization, scene analysis, assignment of meaning, quality assessment, and action planning take place. Also, information from different sensory modalities is integrated at this level. Between sub-cortical and cortical regions of the auditory system, numerous feedback loops exist that ultimately support the high complexity and plasticity of the auditory system. The current book concentrates on these cognitive functions. Instead of processing signals, processing symbols is now the predominant modeling task. Substantial contributions to the field draw upon the knowledge acquired by cognitive psychology. The keyword Binaural Understanding in the book title characterizes this shift. Both books, The Technology of Binaural Listening and the current one, have been stimulated and supported by AABBA, an open research group devoted to the development and application of models of binaural hearing. The current book is dedicated to technologies that help explain, facilitate, apply, and support various aspects of binaural understanding. It is organized into five parts, each containing three to six chapters in order to provide a comprehensive overview of this emerging area. Each chapter was thoroughly reviewed by at least two anonymous, external experts. The first part deals with the psychophysical and physiological effects of Forming and Interpreting Aural Objects as well as the underlying models. The fundamental concepts of reflexive and reflective auditory feedback are introduced. Mechanisms of binaural attention and attention switching are covered—as well as how auditory Gestalt rules facilitate binaural understanding. A general blackboard architecture is introduced as an example of how machines can learn to form and interpret aural objects to simulate human cognitive listening. The second part, Configuring and Understanding Aural Space, focuses on the human understanding of complex three-dimensional environments—covering the psychological and biological fundamentals of auditory space formation. This part further addresses the human mechanisms used to process information and interact in complex reverberant environments, such as concert halls and forests, and additionally examines how the auditory system can learn to understand and adapt to these environments. The third part is dedicated to Processing Cross-Modal Inference and highlights the fundamental human mechanisms used to integrate auditory cues with cues from other modalities to localize and form perceptual objects. This part also provides a general framework for understanding how complex multimodal scenes can be simulated and rendered. The fourth part, Evaluating Aural-scene Quality and Speech Understanding, focuses on the object-forming aspects of binaural listening and understanding. It addresses cognitive mechanisms involved in both the understanding of speech and the processing of nonverbal information such as Sound Quality and Quality-of- Experience. The aesthetic judgment of rooms is also discussed in this context. Models that simulate underlying human processes and performance are covered in addition to techniques for rendering virtual environments that can then be used to test these models. The fifth part deals with the Application of Cognitive Mechanisms to Audio Technology. It highlights how cognitive mechanisms can be utilized to create spatial auditory illusions using binaural and other 3D-audio technologies. Further, it covers how cognitive binaural technologies can be applied to improve human performance in auditory displays and to develop new auditory technologies for interactive robots. The book concludes with the application of cognitive binaural technologies to the next generation of hearing aids.

The Technology Of Binaural Listening

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Author : Jens Blauert
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-07

The Technology Of Binaural Listening written by Jens Blauert and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book reports on the application of advanced models of the human binaural hearing system in modern technology, among others, in the following areas: binaural analysis of aural scenes, binaural de-reverberation, binaural quality assessment of audio channels, loudspeakers and performance spaces, binaural perceptual coding, binaural processing in hearing aids and cochlea implants, binaural systems in robots, binaural/tactile human-machine interfaces, speech-intelligibility prediction in rooms and/or multi-speaker scenarios. An introduction to binaural modeling and an outlook to the future are provided. Further, the book features a MATLAB toolbox to enable readers to construct their own dedicated binaural models on demand.

Spatial Hearing

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Author : Jens Blauert
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
Release Date : 1983

Spatial Hearing written by Jens Blauert and has been published by MIT Press (MA) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Medical categories.

Spatial hearing refers to the capacity of listeners to infer information about direction and distance from auditory signals. Its study involves the overlap of acoustics, psychology, psychophysics, physiology, medicine, engineering, architectural design, and musical analysis, and its applications include the design of speaker systems, concert halls and other interiors, and the development of noise-reduction systems. This book updates and expands an interdisciplinary survey and text first published in Germany in 1974. The Journal of the Institute for Radio Engineering wrote of the first edition that "the literature in this field is so fragmented and scattered that it is virtually inaccessible to most audio engineers, telecommunications technicians, and others for whom it is of vital interest. Thus it is all the more a pleasure to acclaim the author of this first comprehensive monograph, and to recognize how successful he has been in his lucid organization and presentation of so much information." The first three chapters offer a general outline of the problem and approaches to its study (apparatus, experimental techniques, psychometric methods); a survey of experiments with a single sound source emitting signals over a range of frequencies and intensities; and a similar survey involving multiple sound sources and enclosed spaces. A new fourth chapter has been added to this edition, reviewing work done since 1972. It includes material on the physics of the external ear, monoaural and interaural attributes of ear input signals, and applications to architectural acoustics and "dummy-head" stereophony. The book also includes an extensive and up to date bibliography.

Proceedings Of The 2024 6th International Conference On Literature Art And Human Development Iclahd 2024

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Author : Sertac Kaki
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-12-13

Proceedings Of The 2024 6th International Conference On Literature Art And Human Development Iclahd 2024 written by Sertac Kaki and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-13 with Literary Criticism categories.

This is an open access book. The 6th International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2024) will be held on October 18–20, 2024 in Xi'an, China. Literature is an art that reflects the social life and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings by shaping images with language as the means. Art is a social ideology that uses images to reflect reality but is more typical than reality. It includes literature, painting, sculpture, architecture, music and so on. Literature is one of the forms of expression belonging to art. Literature and art are difficult to separate by a clear boundary, but also for people to create more infinite imagination space. ICLAHD 2024 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Literature, Art and Human Development research to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Literature, Art and Human Development research and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in Literature, Art and Human Development research and related areas. The ICLAHD 2024 is accepting papers for proceeding publication. We accept contributions from those who care about exploring and enhancing the research and innovation in Literature, Art and Human Development in the world. We welcome submissions from scholars, students, and practitioners across many disciplines that contribute to the study and practice of Literature, Art and Human Development. ICLAHD 2024 has been successfully held for four sessions and has provided a great platform for many scholars in this field to exchange ideas. It is hoped that more innovative ideas and results will be harvested at the fifth session in 2024. We warmly invite you to participate in ICLAHD 2023 and look forward to seeing you in Xi'an, China.

Immersive Sound

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Author : Agnieszka Roginska
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-10-17

Immersive Sound written by Agnieszka Roginska and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Immersive Sound: The Art and Science of Binaural and Multi-Channel Audio provides a comprehensive guide to multi-channel sound. With contributions from leading recording engineers, researchers, and industry experts, Immersive Sound includes an in-depth description of the physics and psychoacoustics of spatial audio as well as practical applications. Chapters include the history of 3D sound, binaural reproduction over headphones and loudspeakers, stereo, surround sound, height channels, object-based audio, soundfield (ambisonics), wavefield synthesis, and multi-channel mixing techniques. Knowledge of the development, theory, and practice of spatial and multi-channel sound is essential to those advancing the research and applications in the rapidly evolving fields of 3D sound recording, augmented and virtual reality, gaming, film sound, music production, and post-production.

The Perceptual Structure Of Sound

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Author : Dik J. Hermes
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-06-10

The Perceptual Structure Of Sound written by Dik J. Hermes and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book presents a comprehensive review of how acoustic waves are processed by the auditory system into structured sounds such as musical melodies, speech utterances, or environmental sounds. After an introduction, an overview is given of how the ears distribute acoustic information over a large array of frequency channels that contain the auditory information used by the central nervous system to generate a mental image of what is happening around the listener. This process, called auditory scene analysis, consists of two stages. In the first stage, auditory units are formed such as musical tones and speech syllables. Each auditory unit is perceived at a well-defined moment in time, the beat location of that auditory unit. Moreover, from this process of auditory-unit formation, the auditory attributes of these auditory units emerge, such as their timbre, their pitch, their loudness, and their perceived location. Each of these attributes is discussed in the corresponding chapter. In the second stage of auditory scene analysis, auditory-stream formation, the successive auditory units are integrated into auditory streams, i.e., temporally structured sequences of auditory units that are perceived as emanating from one and the same sound source. Examples of such auditory streams are musical melodies and the utterances of one speaker. The temporal structure of an auditory stream, its rhythm, is determined by the beat locations of its auditory units. The role played by the auditory attributes of the consecutive auditory units is discussed. The melodies of musical streams and the intonation contours of spoken utterances emerge from this process. In music, the beats of parallel streams generally fit into a metric pattern, and, depending on harmony, simultaneous tones can be perceived as consonant or dissonant. Finally, the book contains many sound examples including the MATLAB scripts with which they are generated.

Communication Acoustics

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Author : Jens Blauert
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-05-20

Communication Acoustics written by Jens Blauert and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-05-20 with Computers categories.

- Speech Generation: Acoustics, Models and Applications (Arild Lacroix). - The Evolution of Digital Audio Technology (John Mourjopoulos). - Audio-Visual Interaction (Armin Kohlrausch) . - Speech and Audio Coding (Ulrich Heute) . - Binaural Technique (Dorte Hammerhoei, Henrik Moeller). - Auditory Virtual Environment (Pedro Novo). - Evolutionary Adaptions for Auditory Communication (Georg Klump). - A Functional View on the Human Hearing Organ (Herbert Hudde). - Modeling of Binaural Hearing (Jonas Braasch). - Psychoacoustics and Sound Quality (Hugo Fastl). - Semiotics for Engineers (Ute Jekosch). - Quality of Transmitted Speech for Humans and Machines (Sebastian Möller).

Head Related Transfer Function And Acoustic Virtual Reality

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Author : Kazuhiro Iida
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-10-23

Head Related Transfer Function And Acoustic Virtual Reality written by Kazuhiro Iida and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-23 with Medical categories.

This book covers all aspects of head-related transfer function (HRTF), from the fundamentals through to the latest applications, such as 3D sound systems. An introductory chapter defines HRTF, describes the coordinate system used in the book, and presents the most recent research achievements in the field. HRTF and sound localization in the horizontal and median planes are then explained, followed by discussion of individual differences in HRTF, solutions to this individuality (personalization of HRTF), and methods of sound image control for an arbitrary 3D direction, encompassing both classic theory and state of the art data. The relations between HRTF and sound image distance and between HRTF and speech intelligibility are fully explored, and measurement and signal processing methods for HRTF are examined in depth. Here, supplementary material is provided to enable readers to measure and analyze HRTF by themselves. In addition, some typical HRTF databases are compared. The final two chapters are devoted to the principles and applications of acoustic virtual reality. This clearly written book will be ideal for all who wish to learn about HRTF and how to use it in their research.

Presence And Beyond Evaluating User Experience In Ar Mr Vr

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Author : Richard Skarbez
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-10-03

Presence And Beyond Evaluating User Experience In Ar Mr Vr written by Richard Skarbez and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Audio Augmented Reality

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Author : Matias Harju
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2025-05-29

Audio Augmented Reality written by Matias Harju and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-05-29 with Computers categories.

Audio Augmented Reality: Concepts, Technologies and Narratives provides readers with a comprehensive overview of audio augmented reality (AAR), focussing on its narrative potential while discussing several design considerations and prospective application domains. In this groundbreaking book, sound designer Matias Harju provides a practical and insightful exploration of the medium. The book draws perspectives from sound designers, researchers and industry professionals who are actively shaping this rapidly evolving field. Designed to inspire and offer practical insights, Audio Augmented Reality: Concepts, Technologies and Narratives serves as a guide for creators, academics, and anyone interested in exploring the creative potential of AAR.