Biogeography And Ecology In New Zealand
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Biogeography And Ecology In New Zealand
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Author : G. Kuschel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Biogeography And Ecology In New Zealand written by G. Kuschel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Biogeography And Ecology In New Zealand
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Author : G. Kuschel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Biogeography And Ecology In New Zealand written by G. Kuschel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with categories.
Biogeography And Evolution In New Zealand
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Author : Michael Heads
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-10-04
Biogeography And Evolution In New Zealand written by Michael Heads and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-04 with Science categories.
Biogeography and Evolution in New Zealand provides the first in-depth treatment of the biogeography of New Zealand, a region that has been a place of long-enduring interest to ecologists, evolutionary scientists, geographers, geologists, and scientists in related disciplines. It serves as a key addition to the contemporary discussion on regionalization—how is New Zealand different from the rest of the world? With what other areas does it share its geology, history, and biota? Do new molecular phylogenies show that New Zealand may be seen as a biological ‘parallel universe’ within global evolution?
Vegetation Of New Zealand
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Author : Peter Wardle
language : en
Publisher: CUP Archive
Release Date : 1991-09-19
Vegetation Of New Zealand written by Peter Wardle and has been published by CUP Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-09-19 with Medical categories.
A comprehensive account of the vegetation, its origin, ecology, biogeography and community structure.
New Zealand Freshwater Fishes
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Author : R.M. McDowall
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-07-27
New Zealand Freshwater Fishes written by R.M. McDowall and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-27 with Science categories.
In many ways, this book is the culmination of more than four decades of my exp- ration of the taxonomy, biogeography and ecology of New Zealand’s quite small freshwater fish fauna. I began this firstly as a fisheries ecologist with the New Zealand Marine Department (then responsible for the nation’s fisheries research and mana- ment), and then with my PhD at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA in the early–mid 1960s. Since then, employed by a series of agencies that have successively been assigned a role in fisheries research in New Zealand, I have been able to explore very widely the natural history of that fauna. Studies of the fishes of other warm to cold temperate southern lands have followed, particularly southern Australia, New Caledonia, Patagonian South America, the Falkland Islands, and South Africa and, in many ways, have provided the rather broader context within which the New Zealand fauna is embedded in terms of geography, phylogeny, and evolutionary history, and knowing this context makes the patterns within New Zealand all the clearer. An additional stream in these studies, in substantial measure driven by the beh- ioural ecology of these fishes round the Southern Hemisphere, has been exploration of the role of diadromy (regular migrations between marine and freshwater biomes) in fisheries ecology and biogeography, and eventually of diadromous fishes wor- wide.
Biogeography And Evolution In New Zealand
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Author : Elijah Joshua
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-04-26
Biogeography And Evolution In New Zealand written by Elijah Joshua and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-26 with categories.
Biogeography and Evolution in New Zealand provides the first in-depth treatment of the biogeography of New Zealand, a region that has been a place of long-enduring interest to ecologists, evolutionary scientists, geographers, geologists, and scientists in related disciplines. It serves as a key addition to the contemporary discussion on regionalization how is New Zealand different from the rest of the world? With what other areas does it share its geology, history, and biota? Do new molecular phylogenies show that New Zealand may be seen as a biological 'parallel universe' within global evolution?
Biogeography And Ecology Of New Guinea
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Author : J.L. Gressit
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Biogeography And Ecology Of New Guinea written by J.L. Gressit and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
J. L. Gressitt New Guinea is a fantastic island, unique and fascinating. It is an area of incredible variety of geomorphology, biota, peoples, languages, history, tradi tions and cultures. Diversity is its prime characteristic, whatever the subject of interest. To a biogeographer it is tantalizing, as well as confusing or frustrating when trying to determine the history of its biota. To an ecologist, and to all biologists, it is a happy hunting ground of endless surprises and unanswered questions. To a conservationist it is like a dream come true, a "flash-back" of a few centuries, as well as a challenge for the future. New Guinea is so special that it is hard to compare it with other islands or tropical areas. It is something apart, with its very complicated history (chapters I: 2-4, II: 1-4, III: I, VI: I, 2). It is partly old but to a great extent very young, yet extremely rich and complex. It has biota of different sources - to such a degree that it is still disputed in this volume as to what Realm it belongs to: the Paleotropical or Notogaean (Australian); or what Region: Oriental, "Oceanic," Papuan or Australian. The terms Papuasian, Indo-Australian and Australasian also have been applied to the area.
Reinvention Of Australasian Biogeography
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Author : Malte Ebach
language : en
Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING
Release Date : 2017-01-20
Reinvention Of Australasian Biogeography written by Malte Ebach and has been published by CSIRO PUBLISHING this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-20 with Science categories.
Biogeography, the study of the distribution of life on Earth, has undergone more conceptual changes, revolutions and turf wars than any other scientific field. Australasian biogeographers are responsible for several of these great upheavals, including debates on cladistics, panbiogeography and the drowning of New Zealand, some of which have significantly shaped present-day studies. Australasian biogeography has been caught in a cycle of reinvention that has lasted for over 150 years. The biogeographic research making headlines today is merely a shadow of past practices, having barely advanced scientifically. Fundamental biogeographic questions raised by naturalists a century ago remain unanswered, yet are as relevant today as they were then. Scientists still do not know whether Australia and New Zealand are natural biotic areas or if they are in fact artificial amalgamations of areas. The same question goes for all biotic areas in Australasia: are they real? Australasian biogeographers need to break this 150-year cycle, learn from their errors and build upon new ideas. Reinvention of Australasian Biogeography tells the story of the history of Australasian biogeography, enabling understanding of the cycle of reinvention and the means by which to break it, and paves the way for future biogeographical research. The book will be a valuable resource for biological and geographical scientists, especially those working in biogeography, biodiversity, ecology and conservation. It will also be of interest to historians of science.
New Zealand Lizards
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Author : David G. Chapple
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-10-05
New Zealand Lizards written by David G. Chapple and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-05 with Science categories.
This edited volume is a timely and comprehensive summary of the New Zealand lizard fauna. Nestled in the south-west Pacific, New Zealand is a large archipelago that displays the faunal signatures of both its Gondwanan origins, and more recent oceanic island influences. New Zealand was one of the last countries on Earth to be discovered, and likewise, the full extent of the faunal diversity present within the archipelago is only just starting to be appreciated. This is no better exemplified than in lizards, where just 30 species (20 skinks, 10 geckos) were recognized in the 1950s, but now 104 are formally or informally recognized (61 skinks, 43 geckos). Thus, New Zealand contains one of the most diverse lizard faunas of any cool, temperate region on Earth. This book brings together the world’s leading experts in the field to produce an authoritative overview of the history, taxonomy, biogeography, ecology, life-history, physiology and conservation of New Zealand lizards.
The Biogeography Of New Zealand Fungi
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Author : Peter Morrison-Whittle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Biogeography Of New Zealand Fungi written by Peter Morrison-Whittle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Fermentation categories.
Microbial communities are vital components of natural, agricultural, and biotechnological ecosystems. Microbial species play a particularly important role in viticulture and winemaking by modulating the health, productivity, and development of grape vines and converting grape sugars into alcohol and other flavour and aroma compounds during commercial fermentation. Understanding how microbial community ecology can impact wine production is of great interest to industry, and exploring the ecological behaviour of microbes can be done using tools such as next-generation sequencing. While next-generation sequencing techniques have transformed the way in which we study the ecology and biogeography of microbes, we still know very little about the patterns and processes that shape microbial diversity. is thesis aims to elucidate the biogeography of New Zealand fungal species and test ecological and biogeographical concepts using human-managed vineyard ecosystems. To do this I use next-generation sequencing to characterise fungal diversity within and across vineyard ecosystems, quantify the natural and artificial processes shaping this diversity, explore the relationship between vineyard and winery diversity, and explore their implications for winemaking. This thesis goes on to explore the potential of co-evolution and microbial interactions operating within these communities to modify the sensory properties of wines seeded with interacting yeasts. In the second chapter I quantify the relative strength of natural selection and neutral processes in shaping fungal diversity, I and use next-generation sequencing to evaluate 106 contemporaneous fungal communities inhabiting adjacent soil, bark, and fruit niches across six New Zealand regions spanning a thousand kilometres. The data show that species richness and community structure are not homogenous but significantly varied with vineyard habitat and region. Across all vineyard samples, habitat explained the greatest proportion of the variation in community structure compared to region, indicating that selection is the primary driver of fungal diversity in vineyards. In the third chapter I examine the diversity of commercial NZ ferments and quantify the microbial links between various winery communities and cultivated and uncultivated ecosystems. Here I analyse the fungal diversity of a further 44 samples collected from NZ wineries as well as those associated with the fruit and soil of 36 native plants from nearby uncultivated areas. The data show that microbial communities in ferments vary significantly across regions, and that while vineyard fungi account for a sizeable fraction of the source of this diversity, uncultivated ecosystems outside of vineyards also provide a significant source. The data also show that species richness and community structure significantly shift over the course of the ferment, and while communities initially resemble those found on grapes, these increasingly resemble fungi present on vine bark. In the fourth chapter, I examine the impact of human agriculture on fungal diversity in vineyards and ascertain whether these impacts translate to the diversity found in pressed juice, or to commercially important metabolites in the resultant wines. I compare the fungal diversity present in six conventionally managed and seven biodynamically managed vineyards in the Wairau Valley. To test whether these agricultural practices translate to their respective wineries, I compare the fungal diversity of juices harvested from sampled vineyard blocks as well as the concentrations of commercially important metabolites —varietal thiols — in wines produced from these juices. The data show that the method of management significantly affects communities in soil, on plant structures, and on the developing crop in subtle but importantly different ways in terms of number, type, and abundance of species. However, management approach has no effect on communities in the final harvested juice, nor on product traits aligned with quality. This shows that while management approach affects different habitats in the environment in different ways, this does not automatically flow onto the harvested crop. In the fifth chapter I use experimental evolution of two yeast species, Candida glabrata and Pichia kudriavzevi, to examine how co-evolution and the generation of novel microbial interactions can impact upon the products of commercial winery fermentation. In this chapter I successfully reapplied the experimental design of Lawrence et al. (2012) to generate co-evolved strains through serial transfers of polyculture of these yeasts to fresh grape juice for ∼65 generations. I explore the nature of interactions between co-evolved strains by estimating the relative fitness of co-evolved and mono-cultured strains by analysing the growth rates and cell densities using Bioscreen CTM spectrophotometry. The metabolite profiles of the inoculated wines — comprising 38 sensory compounds — were then quantified and compared across co-evolved, mono-cultured, and ancestral strains. The data also show that coculture strains of C. glabrata and P. kudriavzevi exhibited significantly different growth rates and metabolic activity than their mono-culture equivalents. Furthermore, unlike the findings of Lawrence et al. (2012), I found no evidence of mutualistic cross-feeding and suggest that the apparent interactions are antagonistic in nature. The data and analyses presented in this thesis represent one of the most extensive sampling of multiple plant-associated microbial communities through space and provide a major advance in how these communities can vary within respective habitats. As such, this study expands our understanding of the nature and connection of various natural microbial communities in a landscape, and how agricultural products and processes might be affected by these communities.
