The Biogeography Of New Zealand Fungi

DOWNLOAD
READ

Download The Biogeography Of New Zealand Fungi PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get The Biogeography Of New Zealand Fungi book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page

The Biogeography Of New Zealand Fungi

DOWNLOAD
READ
Author : Peter Morrison-Whittle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

The Biogeography Of New Zealand Fungi written by Peter Morrison-Whittle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Fermentation categories.

Microbial communities are vital components of natural, agricultural, and biotechnological ecosystems. Microbial species play a particularly important role in viticulture and winemaking by modulating the health, productivity, and development of grape vines and converting grape sugars into alcohol and other flavour and aroma compounds during commercial fermentation. Understanding how microbial community ecology can impact wine production is of great interest to industry, and exploring the ecological behaviour of microbes can be done using tools such as next-generation sequencing. While next-generation sequencing techniques have transformed the way in which we study the ecology and biogeography of microbes, we still know very little about the patterns and processes that shape microbial diversity. is thesis aims to elucidate the biogeography of New Zealand fungal species and test ecological and biogeographical concepts using human-managed vineyard ecosystems. To do this I use next-generation sequencing to characterise fungal diversity within and across vineyard ecosystems, quantify the natural and artificial processes shaping this diversity, explore the relationship between vineyard and winery diversity, and explore their implications for winemaking. This thesis goes on to explore the potential of co-evolution and microbial interactions operating within these communities to modify the sensory properties of wines seeded with interacting yeasts. In the second chapter I quantify the relative strength of natural selection and neutral processes in shaping fungal diversity, I and use next-generation sequencing to evaluate 106 contemporaneous fungal communities inhabiting adjacent soil, bark, and fruit niches across six New Zealand regions spanning a thousand kilometres. The data show that species richness and community structure are not homogenous but significantly varied with vineyard habitat and region. Across all vineyard samples, habitat explained the greatest proportion of the variation in community structure compared to region, indicating that selection is the primary driver of fungal diversity in vineyards. In the third chapter I examine the diversity of commercial NZ ferments and quantify the microbial links between various winery communities and cultivated and uncultivated ecosystems. Here I analyse the fungal diversity of a further 44 samples collected from NZ wineries as well as those associated with the fruit and soil of 36 native plants from nearby uncultivated areas. The data show that microbial communities in ferments vary significantly across regions, and that while vineyard fungi account for a sizeable fraction of the source of this diversity, uncultivated ecosystems outside of vineyards also provide a significant source. The data also show that species richness and community structure significantly shift over the course of the ferment, and while communities initially resemble those found on grapes, these increasingly resemble fungi present on vine bark. In the fourth chapter, I examine the impact of human agriculture on fungal diversity in vineyards and ascertain whether these impacts translate to the diversity found in pressed juice, or to commercially important metabolites in the resultant wines. I compare the fungal diversity present in six conventionally managed and seven biodynamically managed vineyards in the Wairau Valley. To test whether these agricultural practices translate to their respective wineries, I compare the fungal diversity of juices harvested from sampled vineyard blocks as well as the concentrations of commercially important metabolites —varietal thiols — in wines produced from these juices. The data show that the method of management significantly affects communities in soil, on plant structures, and on the developing crop in subtle but importantly different ways in terms of number, type, and abundance of species. However, management approach has no effect on communities in the final harvested juice, nor on product traits aligned with quality. This shows that while management approach affects different habitats in the environment in different ways, this does not automatically flow onto the harvested crop. In the fifth chapter I use experimental evolution of two yeast species, Candida glabrata and Pichia kudriavzevi, to examine how co-evolution and the generation of novel microbial interactions can impact upon the products of commercial winery fermentation. In this chapter I successfully reapplied the experimental design of Lawrence et al. (2012) to generate co-evolved strains through serial transfers of polyculture of these yeasts to fresh grape juice for ∼65 generations. I explore the nature of interactions between co-evolved strains by estimating the relative fitness of co-evolved and mono-cultured strains by analysing the growth rates and cell densities using Bioscreen CTM spectrophotometry. The metabolite profiles of the inoculated wines — comprising 38 sensory compounds — were then quantified and compared across co-evolved, mono-cultured, and ancestral strains. The data also show that coculture strains of C. glabrata and P. kudriavzevi exhibited significantly different growth rates and metabolic activity than their mono-culture equivalents. Furthermore, unlike the findings of Lawrence et al. (2012), I found no evidence of mutualistic cross-feeding and suggest that the apparent interactions are antagonistic in nature. The data and analyses presented in this thesis represent one of the most extensive sampling of multiple plant-associated microbial communities through space and provide a major advance in how these communities can vary within respective habitats. As such, this study expands our understanding of the nature and connection of various natural microbial communities in a landscape, and how agricultural products and processes might be affected by these communities.

The Systematics Biogeography And Host Utilization Of New Zealand Laboulbeniales Fungi Ascomycota

DOWNLOAD
READ
Author : Monica B. Hughes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

The Systematics Biogeography And Host Utilization Of New Zealand Laboulbeniales Fungi Ascomycota written by Monica B. Hughes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Fungi categories.

Biogeography And Ecology In New Zealand

DOWNLOAD
READ
Author : G. Kuschel
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2011-10-13

Biogeography And Ecology In New Zealand written by G. Kuschel and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-13 with Science categories.

The New Zealand insect fauna 508 Endemism 513 Relationships . . . . . . . . 516 Shore insects . . . . . . . . 519 Ground-dwelling and soil insects 521 Insects of dead wood and fungi. 525 Cave and ground-water insects 526 Alpine insects . . . . . . . . 529 Moss insects ....... . 531 Insects associated with vertebrates 531 Endoparasitic insects 532 Acknowledgements . 533 References . . . . 533 XIV. The freshwater insects by I. D. McLELLAN. 537 Introduction. . 537 Ephemeroptera 537 Plecoptera 540 Odonata .. 545 546 Megaloptera. Mecoptera . 547 Trichoptera . 547 Chironomidae . 551 Blepharoceridae 552 Simuliidae . . 555 Thaumaleidae . 556 Coleoptera . . 557 Population comparisons 557 References . . . . . . 558 XV. The insects in relation to plants by J. S. DUGDALE 561 Abstract .................. . 561 Introduction. . . . 561 Some characteristics of insect-hostplant associations in New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 . . . Associations involving warm-temperate plant genera ..... 568 Associations involving plant genera not restricted to warm-tem­ perate communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 . . . Differences between North and South Island, and between these and outlying islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 . Differences between New Zealand and elsewhere. . . . . 573 Some characteristic phytophage types in New Zealand 575 Defoliators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 . . XIII Flower, fruit and seed-eating insects 576 Gallmakers 578 Miners 578 Live stem borers and shoot apex destroyers 579 New Zealand phytophages as botanists 584 The adventive flora and fauna. 584 Pollinators 586 References 587 XVI. Adaptation and change in Maori culture by R. C.

New Zealand Fungi

DOWNLOAD
READ
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

New Zealand Fungi written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Fungi categories.

Fungi have no chlorophyll and obtain their nutrients from living plants and animals, or dead trees, plants and animals. The parts of fungi that we see are called fruiting bodies which grow in a variety of shapes, sizes and colours, ranging from vibrant to neutral tones. They are composed of densely compacted filaments and all produce spores that are spread by the wind or insects. New Zealand has thousands of fungi species. Many are undescribed with only approximately 6,500 having been reported. Some are exotics that have been brought to New Zealand by humans. Not all fungi grow in our native forests, some grow on sand near the beach, in pine forests and in our gardens. This book is a collection of stunning photographs of fungi in New Zealand, many very small and often hidden at the base of tree trunks and under logs.

Biogeography And Evolution In New Zealand

DOWNLOAD
READ
Author : Michael Heads
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-10-04

Biogeography And Evolution In New Zealand written by Michael Heads and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-04 with Science categories.

Biogeography and Evolution in New Zealand provides the first in-depth treatment of the biogeography of New Zealand, a region that has been a place of long-enduring interest to ecologists, evolutionary scientists, geographers, geologists, and scientists in related disciplines. It serves as a key addition to the contemporary discussion on regionalization—how is New Zealand different from the rest of the world? With what other areas does it share its geology, history, and biota? Do new molecular phylogenies show that New Zealand may be seen as a biological ‘parallel universe’ within global evolution?

An Illustrated Guide To Fungi On Wood In New Zealand

DOWNLOAD
READ
Author : Ian A. Hood
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992

An Illustrated Guide To Fungi On Wood In New Zealand written by Ian A. Hood and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Gardening categories.

"Fungi, a large and diverse group, occupy significant niches in virtually all wildlife habitats. This practical handbook provides information on the fungi commonly encountered on wood in New Zeland orests. Designed to allow easy identification of nearly 200 species, it is illustrated throughout by clear line drawings and some species are shown in colour plates ..."--P [4] of cover.

A Field Guide To New Zealand Fungi

DOWNLOAD
READ
Author : Shirley Kerr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-05-15

A Field Guide To New Zealand Fungi written by Shirley Kerr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-15 with categories.

'After many months work, my book A Field Guide to New Zealand Fungi has been printed. There are colour images of over 600 species of fungi I have found, photographed and identified. A brief description to aid identification accompanies each image. The book has 196 pages, is A5 size and is spiral bound with plastic covers so it can fulfil its obligations as a field guide.'

Biogeography And Ecology In New Zealand

DOWNLOAD
READ
Author : G. Kuschel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Biogeography And Ecology In New Zealand written by G. Kuschel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

The Gasteromycetes Of Australia And New Zealand

DOWNLOAD
READ
Author : Gordon Herriot Cunningham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1944

The Gasteromycetes Of Australia And New Zealand written by Gordon Herriot Cunningham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1944 with Fungi categories.

Handbook Of Australasian Biogeography

DOWNLOAD
READ
Author : Malte C. Ebach
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-01-06

Handbook Of Australasian Biogeography written by Malte C. Ebach and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-06 with Nature categories.

The Handbook of Australasian Biogeography is the most comprehensive overview of the biogeography of Australasian plants, fungi and animal taxa in a single volume. This volume is unique in its coverage of marine, freshwater, terrestrial, and subterranean taxa. It is an essential publication for anyone studying or researching Australasian biogeography. The book contains biogeographic reviews of all major plant, animal and fungal groups in Australasia by experts in the field, including a strong emphasis on invertebrates, algae, fungi and subterranean taxa. It discusses how Australasia is different from the rest of the world and what other areas share its history and biota.