The Systematics Biogeography And Host Utilization Of New Zealand Laboulbeniales Fungi Ascomycota
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The Systematics Biogeography And Host Utilization Of New Zealand Laboulbeniales Fungi Ascomycota
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Author : Monica B. Hughes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
The Systematics Biogeography And Host Utilization Of New Zealand Laboulbeniales Fungi Ascomycota written by Monica B. Hughes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Fungi categories.
The Biogeography Of New Zealand Fungi
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Author : Peter Morrison-Whittle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Biogeography Of New Zealand Fungi written by Peter Morrison-Whittle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Fermentation categories.
Microbial communities are vital components of natural, agricultural, and biotechnological ecosystems. Microbial species play a particularly important role in viticulture and winemaking by modulating the health, productivity, and development of grape vines and converting grape sugars into alcohol and other flavour and aroma compounds during commercial fermentation. Understanding how microbial community ecology can impact wine production is of great interest to industry, and exploring the ecological behaviour of microbes can be done using tools such as next-generation sequencing. While next-generation sequencing techniques have transformed the way in which we study the ecology and biogeography of microbes, we still know very little about the patterns and processes that shape microbial diversity. is thesis aims to elucidate the biogeography of New Zealand fungal species and test ecological and biogeographical concepts using human-managed vineyard ecosystems. To do this I use next-generation sequencing to characterise fungal diversity within and across vineyard ecosystems, quantify the natural and artificial processes shaping this diversity, explore the relationship between vineyard and winery diversity, and explore their implications for winemaking. This thesis goes on to explore the potential of co-evolution and microbial interactions operating within these communities to modify the sensory properties of wines seeded with interacting yeasts. In the second chapter I quantify the relative strength of natural selection and neutral processes in shaping fungal diversity, I and use next-generation sequencing to evaluate 106 contemporaneous fungal communities inhabiting adjacent soil, bark, and fruit niches across six New Zealand regions spanning a thousand kilometres. The data show that species richness and community structure are not homogenous but significantly varied with vineyard habitat and region. Across all vineyard samples, habitat explained the greatest proportion of the variation in community structure compared to region, indicating that selection is the primary driver of fungal diversity in vineyards. In the third chapter I examine the diversity of commercial NZ ferments and quantify the microbial links between various winery communities and cultivated and uncultivated ecosystems. Here I analyse the fungal diversity of a further 44 samples collected from NZ wineries as well as those associated with the fruit and soil of 36 native plants from nearby uncultivated areas. The data show that microbial communities in ferments vary significantly across regions, and that while vineyard fungi account for a sizeable fraction of the source of this diversity, uncultivated ecosystems outside of vineyards also provide a significant source. The data also show that species richness and community structure significantly shift over the course of the ferment, and while communities initially resemble those found on grapes, these increasingly resemble fungi present on vine bark. In the fourth chapter, I examine the impact of human agriculture on fungal diversity in vineyards and ascertain whether these impacts translate to the diversity found in pressed juice, or to commercially important metabolites in the resultant wines. I compare the fungal diversity present in six conventionally managed and seven biodynamically managed vineyards in the Wairau Valley. To test whether these agricultural practices translate to their respective wineries, I compare the fungal diversity of juices harvested from sampled vineyard blocks as well as the concentrations of commercially important metabolites —varietal thiols — in wines produced from these juices. The data show that the method of management significantly affects communities in soil, on plant structures, and on the developing crop in subtle but importantly different ways in terms of number, type, and abundance of species. However, management approach has no effect on communities in the final harvested juice, nor on product traits aligned with quality. This shows that while management approach affects different habitats in the environment in different ways, this does not automatically flow onto the harvested crop. In the fifth chapter I use experimental evolution of two yeast species, Candida glabrata and Pichia kudriavzevi, to examine how co-evolution and the generation of novel microbial interactions can impact upon the products of commercial winery fermentation. In this chapter I successfully reapplied the experimental design of Lawrence et al. (2012) to generate co-evolved strains through serial transfers of polyculture of these yeasts to fresh grape juice for ∼65 generations. I explore the nature of interactions between co-evolved strains by estimating the relative fitness of co-evolved and mono-cultured strains by analysing the growth rates and cell densities using Bioscreen CTM spectrophotometry. The metabolite profiles of the inoculated wines — comprising 38 sensory compounds — were then quantified and compared across co-evolved, mono-cultured, and ancestral strains. The data also show that coculture strains of C. glabrata and P. kudriavzevi exhibited significantly different growth rates and metabolic activity than their mono-culture equivalents. Furthermore, unlike the findings of Lawrence et al. (2012), I found no evidence of mutualistic cross-feeding and suggest that the apparent interactions are antagonistic in nature. The data and analyses presented in this thesis represent one of the most extensive sampling of multiple plant-associated microbial communities through space and provide a major advance in how these communities can vary within respective habitats. As such, this study expands our understanding of the nature and connection of various natural microbial communities in a landscape, and how agricultural products and processes might be affected by these communities.
Wild Plants Mushrooms And Nuts
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Author : Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-01-17
Wild Plants Mushrooms And Nuts written by Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Wild Plants, Mushrooms and Nuts: Functional Properties and Food Applications is a compendium of current and novel research on the chemistry, biochemistry, nutritional and pharmaceutical value of traditional food products, namely wild mushrooms, plants and nuts, which are becoming more relevant in diets, and are especially useful for developing novel health foods and in modern natural food therapies. Topics covered will range from their nutritional value, chemical and biochemical characterization, to their multifunctional applications as food with beneficial effects on health, though their biological and pharmacological properties (antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor capacity, among others).
Ascomycete Systematics
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Author : David L. Hawksworth
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-12-25
Ascomycete Systematics written by David L. Hawksworth and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-25 with Science categories.
Proceedings of a NATO ARW held in Paris, France, May 11-14, 1993.
Applied Microbial Systematics
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Author : Fergus Priest
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2000-11-30
Applied Microbial Systematics written by Fergus Priest and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-30 with Science categories.
Modern approaches to microbial classification and identification, particularly those based on nucleic acid analysis, have raised the awareness and interest of microbiologists in systematics during the past decade. The extended scope of the subject has revolutionized microbial ecology with the demonstration of uncultivable microorganisms as a major component of the biosphere and evolution, with the ribosomal RNA phylogenetic tree as the basis of current classifications. However, advances in microbial systematics have also had enormous impact on other, diverse aspects of microbiology such as animal pathogenicity, plant-microbe interactions and relationships with food. In this book, we survey and discuss in depth the contribution of modern taxonomic approaches to our understanding of the microbiology of these various systems. The book does not concentrate on methods - these have been well reported elsewhere - instead it provides a unique insight into the application and value of modern systematics in diverse branches of microbiology. It will be of value to microbiologists at both research and technical levels who need to appreciate the range of organisms with which they work and the diversity within them. It will also be of value to teachers and students of microbiology courses who want to understand how systematics can enhance microbiology beyond the routine of classification, nomenclature, and identification.
Fungal Diseases
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-10-08
Fungal Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-08 with Medical categories.
Fungal diseases have contributed to death and disability in humans, triggered global wildlife extinctions and population declines, devastated agricultural crops, and altered forest ecosystem dynamics. Despite the extensive influence of fungi on health and economic well-being, the threats posed by emerging fungal pathogens to life on Earth are often underappreciated and poorly understood. On December 14 and 15, 2010, the IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the scientific and policy dimensions associated with the causes and consequences of emerging fungal diseases.
Biology Of Rove Beetles Staphylinidae
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Author : Oliver Betz
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-05-15
Biology Of Rove Beetles Staphylinidae written by Oliver Betz and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-15 with Science categories.
Rove beetles (Staphylinidae) are common elements of the soil biota, living in the litter and deeper soil layers. Although they are one of the most diverse and speciose groups of insects, no comprehensive books on their general evolution and ecology are as yet available. This book fills that gap, discussing significant aspects and active research examples in the fields of phylogeny and systematics, ecology and conservation, and reproduction and development. The combination of review chapters and case studies provides an excellent introduction to the biology of rove beetles and enables readers to become familiar with active research fields in this megadiverse group of beetles. Offering easy access to these fields, it also demonstrates how staphylinids are used as bioindicators in applied ecosystem research, including that concerning conservation issues. Experienced scientists and beginners alike find the diversity of subjects covered intriguing and inspiring for continuing and starting their own research. The book is intended for students and researchers in biology and zoology (entomology), including morphologists, ecologists, soil scientists, evolutionary biologists, paleontologists, biogeographers, taxonomists and systematists.
Comparative Morphology And Biology Of The Fungi Mycetozoa And Bacteria
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Author : Anton Bary
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1887
Comparative Morphology And Biology Of The Fungi Mycetozoa And Bacteria written by Anton Bary and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1887 with Bacteria categories.
A Monograph Of Marasmioid And Collybioid Fungi In Europe
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Author : Vladimír Antonín
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
A Monograph Of Marasmioid And Collybioid Fungi In Europe written by Vladimír Antonín and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Agaricales categories.
Plant Relationships
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Author : Holger B. Deising
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-02-07
Plant Relationships written by Holger B. Deising and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-07 with Science categories.
Since the publication of the first edition of "The Mycota Vol. V – Plant Relationships" in 1997, tremendous advances in fungal molecular biology and biochemistry have taken place; and both light and electron microscopical techniques have improved considerably. These new insights led to a better understanding of the relationships between fungi and plants; and a completely revised new edition of Plant Relationships could be produced, providing an up-to-date overview on mutualistic and pathogenic interactions. In 18 chapters internationally acknowledged authors present reviews on fungal lifestyles, mechanisms of their interactions with their host plants, signal perception and transduction, and plant defense responses directed against attack by fungal pathogens. Highlighting the recent developments in fungus-plant interactions, this volume is indispensable for researchers, lecturers and students in microbiology, mycology and plant sciences, including plant pathology.