Biological And Ion Exchange Nitrate Removal Evaluation
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Biological And Ion Exchange Nitrate Removal Evaluation
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Author : Kerry J. Meyer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010-10-22
Biological And Ion Exchange Nitrate Removal Evaluation written by Kerry J. Meyer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-22 with Nitrates categories.
Nitrates In Groundwater
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Author : Larry W. Canter
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-01-22
Nitrates In Groundwater written by Larry W. Canter and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This time-saving book provides extensive coverage of all important aspects of nitrates in groundwater, ranging from prevention to problem assessment to remediation. It begins by highlighting the nitrogen cycle and related health concerns, providing both background information and a unique perspective on health issues. It then analyzes subsurface pr
Treatability Of Perchlorate In Groundwater Using Ion Exchange Technology Phase Ii
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Author : L. Aldridge
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc)
Release Date : 2005-04-30
Treatability Of Perchlorate In Groundwater Using Ion Exchange Technology Phase Ii written by L. Aldridge and has been published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04-30 with Science categories.
Since 1997, several perchlorate treatment technologies have proven to be technically feasible at drinking-water treatment scale: biological reduction, ion exchange, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and granular activated carbon (GAC). The objectives of this project were to demonstrate the long-term performance of conventional ion-exchange technology for perchlorate removal and evaluate three disparate alternatives (chemical, biological, electrolytic) for brine treatment and reuse. This project evaluated three fundamentally different brine treatment and reuse processes. The first process, the biological brine treatment system, operated as a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Spent 3 percent (0.5 N NaCl) brine was introduced to the nitrate and perchlorate degrading culture in the reactor and acetic acid was supplied to this culture as an electron donor for the reduction process. Once the nitrate and perchlorate were biodegraded, the mixture was settled, filtered, and amended with chloride before its reuse as regenerant solution. The second process, the physical/chemical brine treatment system, employed a high-pressure and high-temperature catalytic process to reduce the nitrate and perchlorate in the spent brine. After the process, the treated brine was ready for reuse without subsequent treatment. The system used a stoichiometric dose of a chemical reductant (ammonia) based on the measured concentrations of nitrate and perchlorate in the spent brine. The last process, a simple bipolar electrochemical cell, electrolytically reduced the perchlorate and/or nitrate present in the spent ion exchange brine. Once reduced, the brine could be immediately reused. This process did not require the addition of an electron donor as with the biological process, or a reductant as with the physical/chemical treatment process.
Protocol For Equipment Verification Testing For Physical Chemical Biological Removal Of Nitrate
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date :
Protocol For Equipment Verification Testing For Physical Chemical Biological Removal Of Nitrate written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Nitrate Removal From Water Supplies By Ion Exchange
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Author : Dennis A. Clifford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Nitrate Removal From Water Supplies By Ion Exchange written by Dennis A. Clifford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Groundwater categories.
Nitrate Contamination
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Author : Istvan Bogardi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Nitrate Contamination written by Istvan Bogardi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The nitrate content of drinking water is rising at an alarming rate in several regions of NATO countries and elsewhere in the world. The increase is due to lack of proper sewage treatment, and primarily to excess fertilizer application. Also, eutrophication in several coastal areas is triggered by high nitrate concentrations. The main purpose of this book is to integrate scientific knowledge related to exposure assessment, health consequences and control of nitrate contamination in water. The motivation is related to the magnitude, the possible adverse health effects, and the high cost of control ling nitrate contamination. Future research tasks are defined by an interaction among hydro logists, toxicologists and environmental engineers in an integrated framework for nitrate risk management. The target readership of this book is a mix of university colleagues, practitioners from both the private and public sectors and advanced graduate students working with the hydrological, health science or environmental engineering aspects of nitrate contamination. The main conclusions include: 1. For risk assessment purposes, knowledge and sufficiently accurate models are available to predict nitrate load and its fate in water under changes in land use. 2. Once agricultural exposure controls are implemented, the response times in ground water may be so long as to make controls unrealistic. 3. It is still unknown whether agricultural best management practice is a compromise between nitrate risk reduction and agricultural revenue. 4. The current drinking water guidelines of 10 mg/L NOrN need not be changed.
Membrane Biofilm Reactor Process For Nitrate And Perchlorate Removal
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Author : S. Adham
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2005-04-30
Membrane Biofilm Reactor Process For Nitrate And Perchlorate Removal written by S. Adham and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04-30 with Science categories.
The objectives of this project were to evaluate the performance of an innovative hydrogen-fed membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) for nitrate and perchlorate removal, and identify the system operational and design parameters that affect the biological reduction process. The MBfR contained hollow-fiber membranes within a cylindrical module. Hydrogen was fed to the fibers filling the inside and passively diffusing through the membrane avoiding the formation of a hydrogen atmosphere and serving as an electron donor for the biofilm growing on the outside of the hollow fibers. The biofilm within the reactor was developed from the indigenous bacteria present in the groundwater and was not artificially inoculated or amended. Following the MBfR, an aeration process was employed to oxygenate the water in preparation for its introduction into a distribution system as a drinking water source. A subsequent media filter captured any sloughed biomass and provided a support for aerobic organisms to remove any residual dissolved hydrogen. Process Demonstration The MBfR process was demonstrated at pilot-scale to reduce perchlorate contaminated groundwater (55 ?g/L) to below the current 4 ?g/L California Department of Health Services (CaDHS) perchlorate action limit. The simultaneous removal of influent dissolved oxygen and nitrate to below detection limits was also observed. Their removal has been observed with the MBfR system operated at system flow rates corresponding to theoretical hydraulic residence times between 15 and 60 minutes. In addition, measured hydrogen consumption closely matches theoretical calculations based on stoichiometry and anaerobic biomass development. Microbial Ecology Bench-scale investigations into the microbial ecology of the mixed cultures in MBfRs revealed that perchlorate reducing bacteria (PCRB) were found to be present in a denitrifying system that had not been previously exposed to perchlorate. However, a dominant PCRB species increased from 14 to 21 percent of total bacteria when 100-?g/L perchlorate was added to the influent. Increasing perchlorate reduction led to further increases in the dominant PCBR and the perchlorate-removal capacity of MBfRs. Another important finding is that oxygen alone can serve as a primary acceptor for perchlorate reduction, and that the oxygen reduction appeared to be more favorable for perchlorate reduction than was nitrate reduction. Ultimately, full-scale application MBfR technology could effectively and economically be used to replace costly treatment technologies currently used by municipalities to treat perchlorate-contaminated drinking water sources. This research defined the critical parameters and operating conditions required for full-scale application and provided an extensive review of the critical water quality issues considered for drinking water by CaDHS and other state primacy agencies. In addition, this project has direct relevance to the application of biological treatment for the removal of nitrate (or other biologically reducible compounds) from contaminated groundwater. For a long time, biological denitrification has long been used in wastewater treatment, but not in drinking water treatment. Due to concerns about operating a biological process in a water treatment plant, nitrate removal in the United States has been largely limited to ion-exchange or membranes, both of which are expensive processes and can generate difficult to handle residuals. The results obtained in this study looked at simultaneous biological perchlorate removal and denitrification. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2004. This publication can be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Nitrates In Groundwater
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Author : Larry W. Canter
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-01-22
Nitrates In Groundwater written by Larry W. Canter and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This time-saving book provides extensive coverage of all important aspects of nitrates in groundwater, ranging from prevention to problem assessment to remediation. It begins by highlighting the nitrogen cycle and related health concerns, providing both background information and a unique perspective on health issues. It then analyzes subsurface pr
Electrodialysis And Water Reuse
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Author : Andréa Moura Bernardes
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-08-30
Electrodialysis And Water Reuse written by Andréa Moura Bernardes and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-30 with Science categories.
This book presents novel techniques to evaluate electrodialysis processes, to synthesize ionic membranes and to characterize their properties. It shows the potential use of membrane process to the treatment of effluents generated in many industrial sectors such as refineries, leather industries, mining and electroplating processes. The book is based on the results obtained by the author's research group during the past decade. It is useful for students, researchers and engineers interested in membrane technologies for water reuse.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Hydrology categories.