Biology And Ecology Of Furia Gastropachae A Fungal Pathogen Of The Forest Tent Caterpillar Malacosoma Disstria
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Fusarium Head Blight In Latin America
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Author : Teresa M. Alconada Magliano
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-09-07
Fusarium Head Blight In Latin America written by Teresa M. Alconada Magliano and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-07 with Science categories.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) on small-grain cereals is one of the most devastating diseases. Several species can cause head blight, though Fusarium graminearum is the predominant pathogen in most regions. F. graminearum is one of the most intensively studied fungal plant pathogens. This book presents the current state of knowledge regarding mycological aspects that make wheat-Fusarium interaction, such as hyphal growth, morphogenesis in germinating spores, visualization of enzymatic hydrolysis, production of mycotoxins, inhibition of the hyphal growth by antagonist microorganisms, use of natural substances or by modification of the host resistance, as well as genetic analysis and expression of genes that regulate the infection. Fungal ecology and epidemiology will also be discussed. Just as the analysis of environmental requirements for the establishment of the disease, the use of forecasts of disease risk with meteorological base and integrated management and control. This book includes the study of disease in Latin America, therefore will be of interest to researchers who are working on the issue, as for those who are interested in knowing about the disease.
Ecology And Molecular Characterization Of Neozygites Tanajoae Entomophthorales Neozygitaceae A Fungal Pathogen Of The Cassava Green Mite
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Author : Bonaventure Agboton
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2009-03-19
Ecology And Molecular Characterization Of Neozygites Tanajoae Entomophthorales Neozygitaceae A Fungal Pathogen Of The Cassava Green Mite written by Bonaventure Agboton and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-19 with Science categories.
For the biological control of the cassava green mite (Mononychellus tanajoa, Bondar), Brazilian strains of the entomopathogen Neozygites tanajoae were recently introduced into Africa to improve the control achieved by predatory mites. In order to monitor the establishment of the Brazilian strains two PCR primer pairs, NEOSSU_F / NEOSSU_R and 8DDC_F / 8DDC_R were tested on N. tanajoae strains collected from several locations in Brazil and from three countries in Africa, Benin, Ghana and Tanzania. The first primer pair enabled the species-specific detection of N. tanajoae, while the second differentiated the Brazilian isolates from those of other geographical origin. The results confirmed that the two primer pairs tested are suitable for the detection of N. tanajoae and the differential identification of Brazilian and African strains. PCR can therefore be used to monitor the establishment and spread of the Brazilian strains in Benin and in other African countries where they have been introduced recently in order to improve cassava green mite (CGM) control. In this work the establishment and spread of Brazilian strains of N. tanajoae were followed in a countrywide survey in Benin in which a total of 141 cassava fields were inspected. Samples of M. tanajoa suspected of being infected by N. tanajoae were found in 60 fields distributed between the coastal Southern Forest Mosaic (SFM) and the Northern Guinea Savannah (NGS) zones. PCR analysis of DNA samples extracted from samples from these fields revealed that N. tanajoae is well distributed in Benin and that Brazilian strains were effectively established and have spread throughout the country. However, the highest rates of infection due to Brazilian strains were observed in the sub-humid and humid savannah zones of the country. Identification of N. tanajoae strains using molecular tools, however, is very costly. Hence, development of alternative techniques is desirable. Therefore, the difference in biocontrol performance and in host ranges was compared to discriminate between African and Brazilian strains of N. tanajoae. The results suggest that the biocontrol potential and the host ranges bioassays are suitable for evaluating the infectiveness of N. tanajoae on cassava green mite. However, those methods were not suitable for differentiating among different origins of strains of the entomopathogenic fungus. The establishment of N. tanajoae in Benin after its introduction for the control of cassava green mite resulted in co-occurrence with the predatory mite Typhlodromalus aripo in cassava fields. However, little is known on the interaction of the two antagonists and on the biological control potential of M. tanajoa. In a series of greenhouse experiments, effects of single and combined releases of N. tanajoae and T. aripo on their respective population dynamics and on the suppression of M. tanajoa populations were evaluated. In order to complement the greenhouse experiments, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding, oviposition and longevity of T. aripo fed with healthy or N. tanajoae-infected M. tanajoa. The results showed that simultaneous release of T. aripo and N. tanajoae in the same cassava field may be detrimental to the biological control of the cassava green mite. It is therefore preferable to release in each area only the antagonist species known to be well adapted to the prevailing environmental conditions. In conclusion, this thesis shows that molecular techniques are the most suitable methods to detect infection of CGM by N. tanajoae and to differentiate among strains. Molecular techniques are also useful for monitoring the establishment and dispersal of introduced N. tanajoae species in the field. Furthermore, this study increased our knowledge on the performance and host ranges of the African and Brazilian strains of N. tanajoae. It also improves our understanding of the interaction between N. tanajoae and the most effective predatory mite T. aripo as both biocontrol agents are sharing the same habitats. Future research should focus on in vitro production and cryopreservation of African strains of N. tanajoae in order to develop specific primers for detecting African isolates. Furthermore, studies of the genetic diversity of N. tanajoae populations in the cassava fields using molecular techniques could strongly improve our understanding of the interaction between exotic and native fungi in the cassava ecosystem. Further investigations are required on the interaction between the predatory mite T.aripo and the pathogen N. tanajoae at a larger spatial scale and under natural conditions, and on factors affecting the loss in biocontrol potential of exotic species of N. tanajoae when introduced in their new environment.
Ceratocystis And Ophiostoma
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Author : Michael J. Wingfield
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Ceratocystis And Ophiostoma written by Michael J. Wingfield and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Science categories.
"This book is based on a symposium held in Bad Windsheim, Germany, in Aug. 1990. The 30 chapters are grouped into 5 sections. Part I concerns morphological taxonomy of the ophiostomatoid fungi, including their anamorphs. In Part II, nonmorphological taxonomic approaches are considered, including genetic, biochemical, developmental and molecular characters. In Part III, the pathological aspects are introduced, beginning with considerations of saprobic growth and progressing through tree diseases to human diseases. Part IV includes reviews of a variety of insect vector systems and host responses to both the insects and the fungi. A few chapters, including information on methods for handling ophiostomatoid fungi, a key for their identification and a list of described species, were not presented at the symposium."--pub. desc.
Microbial Pesticides
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Author : Vladimir V. Gouli
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-09-12
Microbial Pesticides written by Vladimir V. Gouli and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-12 with Science categories.
Microbial Pesticides: Biological Resources, Production and Application provides a concise and accessible introduction on the history of microbial pesticides, their impact on global ecology, human society and economies, as well as a thorough and tangible description of the state-of-the-art technologies available for the production, application, limitations and long–term viability of these bio-products. Information is listed per biological group (i.e., virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microsporidia and microbial metabolites), and is supported by sound scientific data. The book is copiously illustrated, with original pictures clarifying the most common techniques and protocols utilized in microbiological biocontrol technology. Finally, images of all biological active ingredients currently used in commercially produced formulations, as well as laboratory developed formulations, are illustrated and listed in detailed tables for prompt access. Provides a concise and accessible introduction to the history of microbial pesticides and their impact on global ecology, human society and economies Offers a thorough and tangible description of state-of-the-art technologies surrounding the production, application, limitations and long-term viability of bio-products Reports current regulatory measures and protocols used to assess host range and collateral impact(s) of microbial formulations based on virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microsporidia and microbial metabolites Features lists by biological group (i.e., virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microsporidia and microbial metabolites) Links sound scientific data and concise, accessible language
Biocontrol Agents Of Phytonematodes
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Author : Tarique Hassan Askary
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2015-06-29
Biocontrol Agents Of Phytonematodes written by Tarique Hassan Askary and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Highlighting the use of biocontrol agents as an alternative to chemical pesticides in the management of plant parasitic nematodes, this book reviews the current progress and developments in the field. Tactful and successful exploitation of each biocontrol agent, i.e. nematophagous fungi, parasitic bacteria, predaceous mites, rhizobacteria, mycorrhiza and predaceous nematodes, has been described separately. The contributors are 23 eminent nematologists and their information has been compiled in 19 chapters.
Oomycete Genetics And Genomics
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Author : Kurt Lamour
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-06-17
Oomycete Genetics And Genomics written by Kurt Lamour and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-17 with Science categories.
This book brings together the knowledge from and tools for genetic and genomic research into oomycetes to help solve the problems this pathogen poses to crops and animals. Armed with the information presented here, researchers can use oomycete data to solve practical problems and gain insight into future areas of interest. Key Features: Offers an up-to-date coverage of research into oomycetes – which has advanced with biochemical and molecular analyses in recent years Helps researchers use oomycete data to solve practical problems, like damage to crop and animal resources Includes a section on interactions with animal hosts Offers perspective on future areas of research Assembles an international author base
Parasiticide Screening
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Author : Alan A. Marchiondo
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-06-08
Parasiticide Screening written by Alan A. Marchiondo and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-08 with Medical categories.
Parasiticide Discovery: In Vitro and In Vivo Tests with Relevant Parasite Rearing and Host Infection/Infestation Methods, Volume Two presents valuable screening methods that have led to the discovery of the majority of parasiticides commercialized in the animal health industry. As much of the knowledge of parasiticide discovery methods is being lost in the animal health industry as seasoned parasitologists retire, this book serves to preserve valuable methods that have led to the discovery of the majority of parasiticides commercialized in animal health, also giving insights into the in vitro and in vivo methods used to identify the parasiticide activity of compounds. Addresses current issues of resistance, along with combination uses for resistant parasites Presents useful, authoritative information (chemical, pharmaceutical, clinical, etc.) for the pyrantel family of compounds Includes a discussion on screening methods in combination therapies Provides cutting-edge material for an evolving area of scientific discussion Includes in vitro and in vivo screens and parasite maintenance and culture methods