Biology And Therapeutic Potential Of Brown Adipose Tissue
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Biology And Therapeutic Potential Of Brown Adipose Tissue
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Author : Patrick Seale
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2013-06-03
Biology And Therapeutic Potential Of Brown Adipose Tissue written by Patrick Seale and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-03 with categories.
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been recognized as a key thermogenic tissue in eutherian mammals. Brown fat cells contain large numbers of highly specialized mitochondria that oxidize fat and carbohydrate to produce heat. This metabolic inefficiency is due to the presence of Ucp1 in the inner mitochondrial membrane of brown fat cells which dissociates the electrochemical gradient from ATP production. BAT presumably evolved to protect animals against hypothermia in response to cold exposure. However, energy expended by BAT has the added benefit of counteracting obesity and associated metabolic disease, at least in rodents. A very large number of studies have consistently shown that mice carrying increased amounts of active brown fat are lean and healthy. Until recently, it was generally believed that the amount of brown fat tissue was negligible in healthy adult humans. However, PET imaging studies have refuted this notion, and revealed the existence of active BAT in most, if not all, adult humans. Notably, there is a very strong inverse correlation between the amount of activated BAT and fatness in humans. Moreover, activated brown fat is lost with ageing, which also correlates with tendency to gain weight. The field must now address whether variation in brown fat activity is a cause or consequence of weight gain. Brown fat cells are localized in discrete depots of BAT and are also found as clusters interspersed in white fat tissues. The prevalence and function of these so-called “brite” (brown in white) cells in humans remains unknown. The development of strategies to increase the amount and/or activity of brown fat may hold exciting prospects for the treatment of obesity and its associated health consequences. In this Research Topics issue, we would propose to examine the following areas related to brown fat biology: 1. Development of brown and “brite” cells (including: historical/evolutionary perspective, transcriptional pathways, developmental origins) 2. Pathways that influence brown fat cell development (BMP7, TZDs, Prostaglandins, FGF21) 3. Activation of brown fat - focus on sympathetic and sensory innervation (signaling by beta-adrenergic receptors, nerve-fat connections 4. Brown fat thermogenesis in response to cold, diet and hibernation 5. Brown fat in humans including: human brown fat precursors, methods for imaging, factors that influence prevalence, relationship between body mass/obesity and amount of brown fat. 6. Brown fat mitochondria including mechanism of uncoupling (Ucp1 history/structure/function, mitochondrial biogenesis.
Brown Adipose Tissue
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Author : David A. Guertin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-02-15
Brown Adipose Tissue written by David A. Guertin and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-15 with Science categories.
This detailed volume explores techniques for researching brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the fascinating biology and therapeutic potential of thermogenic adipocytes. The content reflects the advancing technologies in genetics, imaging, and 'omics strategies that are allowing researchers to probe BAT biology at unprecedented depths and detail, yet it also presents classic physiology principles, which remain the core tenets of BAT biology. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Brown Adipose Tissue: Methods and Protocols provides perspectives and detailed protocols for the benefit of both new BAT researchers looking for guidance as well as seasoned researchers who would like to expand their toolkits. Chapter 12 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Molecular Regulation And Therapeutic Potential Of Thermogenic Fat Cells
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Author : Jun Wu
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-06-09
Molecular Regulation And Therapeutic Potential Of Thermogenic Fat Cells written by Jun Wu and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-09 with Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology categories.
Obesity has emerged as a major threat to public health in both the western and developing world. Essentially a disorder of energy balance, obesity occurs when energy intake and storage exceeds expenditure. Much of energy homeostasis depends on the activity and function of adipose tissue. Adipocytes in mammals fall into two categories classified by their primary functions: white fat cells that mediate energy storage and thermogenic fat cells that counteract hypothermia and obesity through adaptive thermogenesis. Whereas white fat and its function as an energy reservoir and endocrine organ have been studied for decades and are relatively well understood, until recently many aspects of the thermogenic fat biology have remained elusive. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that thermogenic fat cells arise from at least two different developmental origins: the ones of a skeletal muscle-like lineage are now called “classical” brown fat cells, and the rest of the thermogenic fat cells are normally referred to as the beige fat cells. The last decade has witnessed an explosion of interest and studies focusing on the regulation of thermogenic fat cells and potential therapeutics targeting these adipocytes. Here we summarize the recent advancements in our understanding of these metabolically active fat cells.
Molecular Regulation And Therapeutic Potential Of Thermogenic Fat Cells
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Molecular Regulation And Therapeutic Potential Of Thermogenic Fat Cells written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Obesity has emerged as a major threat to public health in both the western and developing world. Essentially a disorder of energy balance, obesity occurs when energy intake and storage exceeds expenditure. Much of energy homeostasis depends on the activity and function of adipose tissue. Adipocytes in mammals fall into two categories classified by their primary functions: white fat cells that mediate energy storage and thermogenic fat cells that counteract hypothermia and obesity through adaptive thermogenesis. Whereas white fat and its function as an energy reservoir and endocrine organ have been studied for decades and are relatively well understood, until recently many aspects of the thermogenic fat biology have remained elusive. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that thermogenic fat cells arise from at least two different developmental origins: the ones of a skeletal muscle-like lineage are now called "classical" brown fat cells, and the rest of the thermogenic fat cells are normally referred to as the beige fat cells. The last decade has witnessed an explosion of interest and studies focusing on the regulation of thermogenic fat cells and potential therapeutics targeting these adipocytes. Here we summarize the recent advancements in our understanding of these metabolically active fat cells.
Brown Adipose Tissue
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Author : Alexander Pfeifer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-04-02
Brown Adipose Tissue written by Alexander Pfeifer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-02 with Science categories.
The main focus of this book is on brown adipose tissue and its metabolic function. The book provides a timely update on the latest research and shows where the field is heading. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy and has received considerable attention in the last few years, having been re-discovered in adult humans in 2007/9. Moreover, BAT might offer a target for novel therapies to address obesity, a health condition that has reached pandemic dimensions.
Adipose Tissue Biology
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Author : Michael E. Symonds
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-04-03
Adipose Tissue Biology written by Michael E. Symonds and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-03 with Medical categories.
The past decade has seen an exponential increase in our knowledge and understanding of adipose tissue biology. This has coincided with the continued rise in obesity across all generations. Clearly despite substantial advances in research into adipose tissue this still has had limited impact on the on-going obesity epidemic across a majority of countries in the world. This book brings together many leading experts in the field to provide an up to date and comprehensive review of the key aspects of adipose tissue. It therefore includes chapters on evolution, development and inflammation together with a detailed review of brown and beige adipose tissue biology and their potential significance in preventing or combating obesity. These chapters are complemented by those on genetics and gender influences, together with nutrition through the life cycle. Ultimately the book provides an overview of the complexities of adipose tissue biology and the continuing challenge to combat obesity in the 21st century.
Adipose Tissue Biology
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Author : Michael E. Symonds
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-11-20
Adipose Tissue Biology written by Michael E. Symonds and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-20 with Medical categories.
This book is designed to provide a comprehensive insight into current perspectives and challenges in adipose tissue biology. In Adipose Tissue Biology, scientists and clinicians discuss adipocyte precursors, differentiation and growth, brown and white adipose tissue, gender, inflammation, dietary and genetic determinants of fat mass, together with evolutionary and developmental aspects of adiposity.
Novel Insights Into Adipose Cell Functions
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Author : Karine Clément
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-09-14
Novel Insights Into Adipose Cell Functions written by Karine Clément and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-14 with Medical categories.
Obesity is a disease of society and economic transition spreading at an epidemic pace throughout the world. According to the World Health Organization, obesity is defined as an increased or abnormal accumulation of body fat mass to the extent that individual’s health will be negatively affected. Overweight is thus being considered as top at risk condition in the world and it is mandatory to identify the physiopathological causes involved in adipose tissue enlargement and related metabolic and cardiovascular health disorders.This volume provides the most up to date insights into the biology of a complex endocrine organ: the adipose tissue.
Methods Of Adipose Tissue Biology
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Author : Ormond A. Macdougald
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014
Methods Of Adipose Tissue Biology written by Ormond A. Macdougald and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Medical categories.
This book is a must-have for anyone interested in obesity or the physiology of white or brown adipose tissues. It contains state-of-the-art methods from researchers that are world leaders in this field. Detailed lab protocols range from methods to visualize adipocytes and adipose tissues in humans and experimental models, to convert stem cells into white and brown adipocytes in vitro, to evaluate aspects of adipocyte metabolism, to inducibly knock out genes in adipose tissues, and to evaluate transcriptional control of adipogenesis on a global scale. 1) The study of adipose tissue goes hand in hand with our global effort to understand and reverse the epidemic of obesity and associated medical complications. 2) Contributors include leading researchers who have made tremendous contributions to our ability to investigate white and brown adipose tissues. 3) The wide variety of experimental approaches detailed within this volume: including the evaluation of adipose tissue biology at the molecular, biochemical, cellular, tissue, and organismal levels.
Biology Of The Adipocyte
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Author : Gary J. Hausman
language : en
Publisher: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company
Release Date : 1987
Biology Of The Adipocyte written by Gary J. Hausman and has been published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Medical categories.