Biology Of Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases
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Biology Of Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-10-23
Biology Of Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-23 with Science categories.
Biology of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases, Volume 48 in The Enzymes series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on A narrative about our work on the endless frontier of editing, The puzzling evolution of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Structural basis of the tRNA recognition by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Catalytic strategies of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Trans-editing by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-like editing domains, Adaptive and maladaptive mistranslation arising from aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Non-canonical inputs and outputs of tRNA aminoacylation, Structure and function of multi-tRNA synthetase complexes, Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Non-canonical functions of human cytoplasmic tyrosyl-, tryptophanyl- and other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in The Enzymes series
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases In Biology And Medicine
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Author : Sunghoon Kim
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-04-28
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases In Biology And Medicine written by Sunghoon Kim and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-28 with Science categories.
This book will focus on new molecular interactions and novel activities and the associated diseases that have been recently discovered from the studies of eukaryotic and mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. In addition, the potential applications of ARS researches in biotechnology and medicine will be addressed.
The Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases
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Author : Michael Ibba
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2005-04-01
The Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases written by Michael Ibba and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04-01 with Science categories.
By virtue of their role as catalysts of the aminoacylation reaction, the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ensure that the first step of translation is performed quickly and accurately. In this volume of 36 separate chapters, the many facets of this ancient and ubiquitous family are reviewed, including their surprising structural diversity, enzymology, tRNA interaction properties, and curious alternative functions. These chapters illustrate the degree to which the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases employ a variety of mechanisms to carry out both the standard functions related to the synthesis of aminoacylated tRNA for protein synthesis, as well as the surprising functions associated with amino acid biosynthesis, cytokine function, and even the processivity of DNA replication. Other chapters explore the regulation of their synthesis, their role in disease, and their prospects as targets for antibacterial therapeutics. This monograph will be a valuable resource for all scientists interested in the fundamentals of protein synthesis from both a basic research and clinical perspective, as well as the relation of translational components to the evolution of the genetic code.
Applications Of Aminoacylation Ribozymes That Recognize The 3 End Of Trna
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Author : Naohiro Terasaka
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-03-08
Applications Of Aminoacylation Ribozymes That Recognize The 3 End Of Trna written by Naohiro Terasaka and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-08 with Science categories.
In this thesis, applications of aminoacylation ribozymes named flexizymes are described. Flexizymes have the following unique characteristics: (i) substrate RNA is recognized by two consecutive base pairs between the 3'-end of substrate RNA and the 3'-end of the flexizyme; (ii) these base pairs can be substituted with other base pairs; and (iii) various activated amino acids can be used as substrates including both canonical and noncanonical amino acids. This flexible aminoacylation of RNAs by flexizymes was used to label endogenous tRNAs to be removed, and in vitro selection using the tRNA-depleted library enabled the discovery of the novel interaction between the microRNA precursor and metabolites. Flexizymes are also used to prepare various aminoacyl-tRNAs bearing mutations at the 3'-end to engineer the translation machinery and to develop the orthogonal translation machinery. The first part of the research demonstrated that SELEX is appropriate for discovering the interaction between small RNA and ligands, and suggested that more RNA motif binding to small molecules exists in small RNAs. The second part opened a door to new opportunities for in vitro synthetic biology involving the engineering of the genetic codes and translation machineries. This research also indicated the great potential of aminoacylation by flexizymes to be applied in various fields of RNA research, which is beneficial for RNA researchers.
The Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases
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Author : Michael Ibba
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
The Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases written by Michael Ibba and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases categories.
Structural Aspects Of Protein Synthesis 2nd Edition
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Author : Anders Liljas
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2013-06-06
Structural Aspects Of Protein Synthesis 2nd Edition written by Anders Liljas and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-06 with Science categories.
This highly illustrated book provides an up-to-date description of the structure and function of the translation system including ribosomes, tRNAs, translation factors, antibiotics and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.Research on translation is undergoing rapid changes and is receiving significant attention as evidenced by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009. The structural research by crystallography and cryo-EM forms part of an interactive framework that involves biochemistry and molecular computation. The book provides a comprehensive overview of translation in light of the structural results. It is a valuable resource for scientists in this and related fields, as well as for students taking courses with a focus on translation.There is no other book in this field currently except the previous edition of this book. The authors have for a long time worked in the field of structure and function of the translation system.
Molecular Mechanisms Of Protein Biosynthesis
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Author : Herbert Weissbach
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Molecular Mechanisms Of Protein Biosynthesis written by Herbert Weissbach and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.
Molecular Mechanisms of Protein Biosynthesis is a collection of papers dealing with cell-free systems at the molecular level, including transfer RNA; the initiation, elongation, and termination processes; ribosome structure and function; mRNA translation; and DNA-directed in vitro protein synthesis. A couple of papers review tRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and aspects of ribosome structure. One paper discusses affinity labeling in the study of binding and catalytic sites of large complex and heterogeneous systems such as the ribosome. The investigator should be aware of the chemically reactive or photoactivatible analogue reacting specifically with one or more ribosomal components. This reaction should be determined if it is dependent on the correct binding of the affinity label at the functional site. Another paper describes the series of reactions in protein synthesis as the process by which the ribosome moves relative to the messenger RNA. Other papers discuss messenger RNA and its translation, DNA-dependent cell-free protein synthesis, as well as the genetics of the translational apparatus. The collection will benefit microbiologists, biotechnologists, and academicians connected with the biological sciences.
Translation Mechanisms
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Author : Jacques Lapointe
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-07-31
Translation Mechanisms written by Jacques Lapointe and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-31 with Science categories.
Translation Mechanisms provides investigators and graduate students with overviews of recent developments in the field of protein biosynthesis that are fuelled by the explosive and synergic growth of structural biology, genomics, and bioinformatics. The outstanding progress in our understanding of the structure, dynamics, and evolution of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation machinery, as well as applications in medicine and biotechnology, are described in 26 chapters covering recent discoveries on: -the subtleties of tRNA aminoacylation with natural and unnatural amino acids. -the control of mRNA stability, a key step of gene regulation. -ribosome structure and function, in the era of the atomic-crystal resolution of the ribosome. -the regulation of the biosynthesis of the translational machinery components. -the action of a variety of inhibitors of translation and the prospect for clinical studies.
Characterizing The Landscape Of Aminoacyl Trna Synthetase Protein Production In Bacillus Subtilis
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Author : Darren John Parker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Characterizing The Landscape Of Aminoacyl Trna Synthetase Protein Production In Bacillus Subtilis written by Darren John Parker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The phenotype of a cell is a consequence of both the identity of the genes in the genome and the magnitude of their expression into proteins. While the biochemical function of many proteins has been uncovered, for most it is unclear how important native protein abundances are for cell fitness. Furthermore, linking changes in abundances with downstream effects on enzymatic output, pathway function, and ultimately cell fitness is unexplored in nearly all cases. Here I use a model enzyme family, the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS), to explore how sensitive Bacillus subtilis are to changes in aaRS production from the molecular to phenotypic level. This culmination of protein levels, functional output, and fitness, leads to a complete “fitness landscape” for the aaRS proteins and provides a framework for future study in quantitative biology. In Chapter I, I outline the conceptual questions explored in this thesis, review the current understandings of bacterial translation and aaRS function, and note the various regulatory strategies bacteria utilize to adapt to perturbations. In Chapter II, I find that the aaRS proteins are produced to optimize the growth rate of cells despite the presence of uncharged tRNAs. These native levels are positioned near a ‘fitness cliff’ as the underlying molecular processes of tRNA charging, translation, and regulation, are sensitive to reductions but not increases in synthetase production. In Chapter III, I complete the characterization of the aaRS fitness landscapes by exploring the source of the fitness defects of aaRS overproduction. In Chapter IV, I present a novel protocol for RNA-seq library preparation to reduce the cost and time associated with generating transcriptomic datasets. In Chapter V, using the aforementioned protocol, I characterize the transcriptomes of over 70 strains within the Escherichia coli single gene knockout collection. With the help of a colleague we find that strong selective pressures to induce genes involved in motility leads to a large amount of transcriptome heterogeneity within the collection. Finally, in Chapter VI, I discuss the results of my work, setting up future directions within the context of gene expression, bacterial physiology, and beyond.
Cell Free Synthetic Biology Volume Ii
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Author : Jian Li
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-06-21
Cell Free Synthetic Biology Volume Ii written by Jian Li and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-21 with Science categories.