Biopharmaceutical Optimization Of Antibiotic Therapy For The Treatment Of Mycobacterium Abscessus Pulmonary Infections
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Biopharmaceutical Optimization Of Antibiotic Therapy For The Treatment Of Mycobacterium Abscessus Pulmonary Infections
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Author : Shachi Mehta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Biopharmaceutical Optimization Of Antibiotic Therapy For The Treatment Of Mycobacterium Abscessus Pulmonary Infections written by Shachi Mehta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Mycobacterium abscessus is rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria responsible for difficult-to-treat pulmonary infections in humans. Current recommended treatment is associated with high treatment failure and emergence of resistance to most of the antibiotics. Also, with only a few new antibiotic drugs active against multidrug-resistant bacteria approved every year, it is important to optimize the use of already existing antibiotics using biopharmaceutical approach like Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD). In pulmonary infections, direct administration of low permeability drugs such as cefoxitin (FOX) and amikacin (AMK) into lungs as therapeutic aerosols should increase their efficiency and minimize whole body exposure responsible for adverse effects, particularly in the case of prolonged treatments. Moreover, the use of antibiotics in combination may reduce the risk of resistance. Several points have been addressed in this thesis: 1. Biopharmaceutical studies of AMK and FOX: It was shown that after nebulization of AMK and FOX, pulmonary concentrations were almost 1000-fold higher than after intravenous administration for both antibiotics, making them a good candidate for nebulization. 2. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) study of cefoxitin: a semi-mechanistic PK/PD model was developed from in vitro time kill-kinetics assay data, enabling identification of concentration-effect relationships for two bacterial sub-populations while taking into account the unstability degradation of cefoxitin.3. PK/PD study of bi-combination: Using a mechanism-based mathematical model and data obtained from time kill-kinetics study, it was shown that the combined effect of AMK and FOX was additive to synergistic at different concentration.4. Bi-or tri-combinations: several tri-combinations including AMK, FOX and a 3rd antibiotic (including clarithromycin, linezolid, clofazimine, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin and rifabutin) were tested against reference strain, clarithromycin resistance-clinical isolate (Ma1611) and multidrug-resistance-clinical isolate (T28). All tri-combinations were active against reference strain. Similar observation was made with Ma1611 except combination with clofazimine and clarithromycin. Any combination was active against T28. Bi-combination with highest concentrations of FOX and rifamycins were effective against T28. The synergy between FOX and fluoroquinolones or rifamycins suggests a potent role of these combinations that may warrant further optimization of treatment regimen for the treatment of M. abscessus pulmonary infections. 5. Tri-combination including AMK, FOX and moxifloxacin (MXF) up to 21 days against clarithromycin-resistance clinical isolate has shown no importance of using MXF as tri-combination was not more effective than the bi-combination of AMK and FOX.
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease
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Author : David E. Griffith
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-10-05
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease written by David E. Griffith and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-05 with Medical categories.
This book is a comprehensive and authoritative source on nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pathogens and diseases and their appropriate management, with a focus on lung disease. NTM diseases, especially lung diseases, are increasing in prevalence in the U.S. and internationally with concomitant growing interest in a broad section of the medical community. Often merely included in coverage of tuberculosis, many aspects of NTM organisms and diseases are actually very different than TB. These differences are not intuitive or trivial and frequently result in suboptimal management of NTM patients. This book addresses these gaps in the literature with chapters on microbiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, the various diseases that can stem from NTM, and their particular management. There is also coverage on prevention and NTM as a public health problem. For pulmonologists and infectious disease physicians, this is the definitive resource on nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Antibiotic Discovery And Development
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Author : Thomas J. Dougherty
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-12-18
Antibiotic Discovery And Development written by Thomas J. Dougherty and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-18 with Medical categories.
This volume covers all aspects of the antibiotic discovery and development process through Phase II/III. The contributors, a group of highly experienced individuals in both academics and industry, include chapters on the need for new antibiotic compounds, strategies for screening for new antibiotics, sources of novel synthetic and natural antibiotics, discovery phases of lead development and optimization, and candidate compound nominations into development. Beyond discovery , the handbook will cover all of the studies to prepare for IND submission: Phase I (safety and dose ranging), progression to Phase II (efficacy), and Phase III (capturing desired initial indications). This book walks the reader through all aspects of the process, which has never been done before in a single reference. With the rise of antibiotic resistance and the increasing view that a crisis may be looming in infectious diseases, there are strong signs of renewed emphasis in antibiotic research. The purpose of the handbook is to offer a detailed overview of all aspects of the problem posed by antibiotic discovery and development.
Macrolide Antibiotics
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Author : W. Schönfeld
language : en
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Macrolide Antibiotics written by W. Schönfeld and has been published by Birkhäuser this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
There are only very few chemical classes of antibiotics in medical use, and these have originated over a span of more than 60 years of research. Almost half a century ago, the first member of the macrolides, erythromycin, was introduced as a treatment option for bacterial infections. Erythromycin is a very complex fermentation product obtained from the soil bacterium Saccharopolyspora ery thraea (originally named Streptomyces erythreus). The success of erythromycin, based on its efficacy and tolerability, stimulated researchers throughout the world to undertake intense efforts to understand the biology and chemistry of macrolides and to use this experience to improve the properties of this compound class. The second generation of macrolides, based on chemical modifications of erythromy cin, is currently being in broad use, especially for treatment of respiratory tract infections. We presently foresee the introduction of a new generation of macro lides, i. e. the ketolides, which have the potential to overcome rising resistance problems. This monograph is intended to give the interested reader an overview on "macrolide experience", covering important areas from basic research to clinical use. Starting from a historic overview, the essential basic parameters - efficacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacology - are highlighted in order to introduce the reader to the rationale for clinical use of macrolides. The following group of chapters cover the complex chemistry of the macro lactone structures, giving historic background, basic structure-activity relation ships of various derivatization strategies, and perspectives for future discovery of new semisynthetic macrolide antibiotics.
Encyclopedia Of Infectious Diseases
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Author : Michel Tibayrenc
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2007-07-31
Encyclopedia Of Infectious Diseases written by Michel Tibayrenc and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-31 with Science categories.
Discover how the application of novel multidisciplinary, integrative approaches and technologies are dramatically changing our understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and their treatments. Each article presents the state of the science, with a strong emphasis on new and emerging medical applications. The Encyclopedia of Infectious Diseases is organized into five parts. The first part examines current threats such as AIDS, malaria, SARS, and influenza. The second part addresses the evolution of pathogens and the relationship between human genetic diversity and the spread of infectious diseases. The next two parts highlight the most promising uses of molecular identification, vector control, satellite detection, surveillance, modeling, and high-throughput technologies. The final part explores specialized topics of current concern, including bioterrorism, world market and infectious diseases, and antibiotics for public health. Each article is written by one or more leading experts in the field of infectious diseases. These experts place all the latest findings from various disciplines in context, helping readers understand what is currently known, what the next generation of breakthroughs is likely to be, and where more research is needed. Several features facilitate research and deepen readers' understanding of infectious diseases: Illustrations help readers understand the pathogenesis and diagnosis of infectious diseases Lists of Web resources serve as a gateway to important research centers, government agencies, and other sources of information from around the world Information boxes highlight basic principles and specialized terminology International contributions offer perspectives on how infectious diseases are viewed by different cultures A special chapter discusses the representation of infectious diseases in art With its multidisciplinary approach, this encyclopedia helps point researchers in new promising directions and helps health professionals better understand the nature and treatment of infectious diseases.
Antibiotics And Antimicrobial Resistance Genes
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Author : Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-04-07
Antibiotics And Antimicrobial Resistance Genes written by Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-07 with Science categories.
This volume summarizes and updates information about antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)/antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) production, including their entry routes in soil, air, water and sediment, their use in hospital and associated waste, global and temporal trends in use and spread of antibiotics, AMR and ARG. Antimicrobial/antibiotic resistance genes due to manure and agricultural waste applications, bioavailability, biomonitoring, and their Epidemiological, ecological and public health effects. The book addresses the antibiotic and AMR/ARG risk assessment and treatment technologies, for managing antibiotics and AMR/ARG impacted environments The book's expert contributions span 20 chapters, and offer a comprehensive framework for better understanding and analyzing the environmental and social impacts of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs. Readers will have access to recent and updated models regarding the interpretation of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs in environment and biomonitoring studies, and will learn about the management options require to appropriately mitigate environmental contaminants and pollution. The book will be of interest to students, teachers, researchers, policy makers and environmental organizations.
Biologics Biosimilars And Biobetters
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Author : Iqbal Ramzan
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-02-03
Biologics Biosimilars And Biobetters written by Iqbal Ramzan and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-03 with Medical categories.
A comprehensive primer and reference, this book provides pharmacists and health practitioners the relevant science and policy concepts behind biologics, biosimilars, and biobetters from a practical and clinical perspective. Explains what pharmacists need to discuss the equivalence, efficacy, safety, and risks of biosimilars with physicians, health practitioners, and patients about Guides regulators on pragmatic approaches to dealing with these drugs in the context of rapidly evolving scientific and clinical evidence Balances scientific information on complex drugs with practical information, such as a checklist for pharmacists
Antimicrobial Resistance And Implications For The 21st Century
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Author : I.W. Fong
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-11-15
Antimicrobial Resistance And Implications For The 21st Century written by I.W. Fong and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-15 with Medical categories.
This comprehensive, up-to-date volume defines the issues and offers potential solutions to the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. The chapter authors are leading international experts on antimicrobial resistance among a variety of bacteria, viruses including HIV and herpes, parasites and fungi. The chapters explore the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance, the immunology and epidemiology of resistance strains, clinical implications and implications on research and lack thereof, and prevention and future directions.
Microbial Growth In Drinking Water Supplies
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Author : Dick van der Kooij
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2013-09-14
Microbial Growth In Drinking Water Supplies written by Dick van der Kooij and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-14 with Science categories.
Maintaining the microbial quality in distribution systems and connected installations remains a challenge for the water supply companies all over the world, despite many years of research. This book identifies the main concerns and knowledge gaps related to regrowth and stimulates cooperation in future research. Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Supplies provides an overview of the regrowth issue in different countries and the water quality problems related to regrowth. The book assesses the causes of regrowth in drinking water and the prevention of regrowth by water treatment and distribution. Editors: Dirk van der Kooij and Paul W.J.J. van der Wielen, KWR Watercycle Research Institute, The Netherlands
Advances In Phage Therapy Present Challenges And Future Perspectives
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Author : Andrzej Gorski
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-08-02
Advances In Phage Therapy Present Challenges And Future Perspectives written by Andrzej Gorski and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-02 with Science categories.
This Research Topic is dedicated to Prof. Elisabeth Kutter on the occasion of her 80th birthday. Dr. Kutter’s career as a phage scientist has extended nearly 60 years. She has been a pioneer as a woman in science. She started to work with phage at the University of Rochester, New York working with Dr. Wiberg on radioisotopes making excellent progress in the field – progress which was even cited in Luria’s 1969 Nobel Prize talk. Betty first encountered phage therapy during a visit to Georgia in 1990 which was part of a longer stay in the former Soviet Union under a US-USSR research exchange program. Dr. Kutter was one of the first Americans to advocate for phage therapy in the post antibiotic era. Betty started hosting the Evergreen International Phage meetings in Olympia, Washington, from 1975 onward, which helped to develop a strong phage community with participation increasing over the years to 350 at the 23 rd biannual last year. Betty continues to be an active member in the phage community, sharing her experience and working with all of us toward her ultimate goal of making phage therapy available worldwide thus reducing the burden caused by antibiotic resistant bacterial infections.