Bioprediction Biomarkers And Bad Behavior
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Bioprediction Biomarkers And Bad Behavior
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Author : Ilina Singh
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2014
Bioprediction Biomarkers And Bad Behavior written by Ilina Singh and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Law categories.
Many decisions in law and elsewhere depend on predictions of crimes and mental illnesses. Can biology make these predictions more accurate? Do we want our government to use biology in this way? These questions and more are discussed in this volume by prominent scientists, ethicists, and legal scholars.
The Neuroethics Of Biomarkers
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Author : Matthew L. Baum
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
The Neuroethics Of Biomarkers written by Matthew L. Baum and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Medical categories.
Neuroscientists are mining nucleic acids, fluids, and brain images for biomarkers of risk of brain disorders. This book brings clarity to several debates on the neuroethics of biomarkers by arguing for the abandonment of a categorical concept of disorder (sick vs. well) and the adoption of an explicitly probabilistic one.
The Neuroethics Of Biomarkers
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Author : Matthew L. Baum
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016-02-11
The Neuroethics Of Biomarkers written by Matthew L. Baum and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-11 with Medical categories.
Neuroscientists are mining nucleic acids, blood, saliva, and brain images in hopes of uncovering biomarkers that could help estimate risk of brain disorders like psychosis and dementia; though the science of bioprediction is young, its prospects are unearthing controversy about how bioprediction should enter hospitals, courtrooms, or state houses. While medicine, law, and policy have established protocols for how presence of disorders should change what we owe each other or who we blame, they have no stock answers for the probabilities that bioprediction offers. The Neuroethics of Biomarkers observes, however, that for many disorders, what we really care about is not their presence per se, but certain risks that they carry. The current reliance of moral and legal structures on a categorical concept of disorder (sick verses well), therefore, obscures difficult questions about what types and magnitudes of probabilities matter. Baum argues that progress in the neuroethics of biomarkers requires the rejection of the binary concept of disorder in favor of a probabilistic one based on biological variation with risk of harm, which Baum names a "Probability Dysfunction." This risk-reorientation clarifies practical ethical issues surrounding the definition of mental disorder in the DSM-5 and the nosology of conditions defined by risk of psychosis and dementia. Baum also challenges the principle that the acceptability of bioprediction should depend primarily on whether it is medically useful by arguing that biomarkers can also be morally useful through enabling moral agency, better assessment of legal responsibility, and fairer distributive justice. The Neuroethics of Biomarkers should be of interest to those within neuroethics, medical ethics, and the philosophy of psychiatry.
Neuroscience And Philosophy
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Author : Felipe De Brigard
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2022-02-01
Neuroscience And Philosophy written by Felipe De Brigard and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-01 with Science categories.
Philosophers and neuroscientists address central issues in both fields, including morality, action, mental illness, consciousness, perception, and memory. Philosophers and neuroscientists grapple with the same profound questions involving consciousness, perception, behavior, and moral judgment, but only recently have the two disciplines begun to work together. This volume offers fourteen original chapters that address these issues, each written by a team that includes at least one philosopher and one neuroscientist who integrate disciplinary perspectives and reflect the latest research in both fields. Topics include morality, empathy, agency, the self, mental illness, neuroprediction, optogenetics, pain, vision, consciousness, memory, concepts, mind wandering, and the neural basis of psychological categories. The chapters first address basic issues about our social and moral lives: how we decide to act and ought to act toward each other, how we understand each other’s mental states and selves, and how we deal with pressing social problems regarding crime and mental or brain health. The following chapters consider basic issues about our mental lives: how we classify and recall what we experience, how we see and feel objects in the world, how we ponder plans and alternatives, and how our brains make us conscious and create specific mental states.
Medical Research Ethics Challenges In The 21st Century
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Author : Tomas Zima
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-01-01
Medical Research Ethics Challenges In The 21st Century written by Tomas Zima and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-01 with Philosophy categories.
This book provides a current review of Medical Research Ethics on a global basis. The book contains chapters that are historically and philosophically reflective and aimed to promote a discussion about controversial and foundational aspects in the field. An elaborate group of chapters concentrates on key areas of medical research where there are core ethical issues that arise both in theory and practice: genetics, neuroscience, surgery, palliative care, diagnostics, risk and prediction, security, pandemic threats, finances, technology, and public policy.This book is suitable for use from the most basic introductory courses to the highest levels of expertise in multidisciplinary contexts. The insights and research by this group of top scholars in the field of bioethics is an indispensable read for medical students in bioethics seminars and courses as well as for philosophy of bioethics classes in departments of philosophy, nursing faculties, law schools where bioethics is linked to medical law, experts in comparative law and public health, international human rights, and is equally useful for policy planning in pharmaceutical companies.
Care Of The Mentally Disordered Offender In The Community
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Author : Alec Buchanan
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-10-12
Care Of The Mentally Disordered Offender In The Community written by Alec Buchanan and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-12 with Law categories.
The thoroughly revised second edition of Care of the Mentally Disordered Offender in the Community is a comprehensive, evidence-based guide to the latest developments in the social context, management, and treatment of offenders in mental health care. In recent years there has been significant changes in the public perception of crime and the mentally ill offender, enhanced by research into causal links between violence and mental illness, and the increased publicity of the risk mentally disordered offenders could pose to the community. These, and other various factors, have significantly increased service development and research into psychological and pharmacological treatments and the rate of re-offending. Over three sections this essential guide explores key topics for discussion in the field. Part One critically examines the social, administrative and clinical context within which care is given in the modern day. Part Two discusses treatment and the evaluation of risk when determining the most appropriate treatment, whilst Part Three explores psychiatric services and their relationship with other agencies. Fully updated to ensure new areas for discussion are included, this book includes new chapters on relevant debates in the field such as US provision for the mentally disordered leaving prison, community management of sexual offending, the relationships between care and coercion, and the treatment of personality disorders. Written and edited by a global team of experts in the field, this book provides readers with useful insight into the social, clinical, and institutional contexts of this complex and relevant issue.
Neurointerventions And The Law
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Author : Nicole A. Vincent
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2020
Neurointerventions And The Law written by Nicole A. Vincent and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Criminal psychology categories.
"The development of modern diagnostic neuroimaging techniques led to discoveries about the human brain and mind that helped give rise to the field of neurolaw. This new interdisciplinary field has led to novel directions in analytic jurisprudence and philosophy of law by providing an empirically-informed platform from which scholars have reassessed topics such as mental privacy and self-determination, responsibility and its relationship to mental disorders, and the proper aims of the criminal law. Similarly, the development of neurointervention techniques that promise to deliver new ways of altering people's minds (by intervening in their brains) creates opportunities and challenges that raise important and rich conceptual, moral, jurisprudential, and scientific questions. The specific purpose of this volume is to make a contribution to the field of neurolaw by investigating the legal issues raised by the development and use of neurointerventions (actual, proposed, and potential)"--
Finding Consciousness
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Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016-01-13
Finding Consciousness written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-13 with Medical categories.
Modern medicine enables us to keep many people alive after they have suffered severe brain damage and show no reliable outward signs of consciousness. Many such patients are misdiagnosed as being in a permanent vegetative state when they are actually in a minimally conscious state. This mistake has far-reaching implications for treatment and prognosis. To alleviate this problem, neuroscientists have recently developed new brain-scanning methods to detect consciousness in some of these patients and even to ask them questions, including "Do you want to stay alive?" Finding Consciousness: The Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law of Severe Brain Damage addresses many questions regarding these recent neuroscientific methods: Is what these methods detect really consciousness? Do patients feel pain? Should we decide whether or not to let them die or are they competent to decide for themselves? And which kinds of treatment should governments and hospitals make available? This edited volume provides contextual information, surveys the issues and positions, and takes controversial stands from a wide variety of prominent contributors in fields ranging from neuroscience and neurology to law and policy to philosophy and ethics. Finding Consciousness should interest not only neuroscientists, clinicians, and ethicists but anyone who might suffer brain damage, which includes us all.
Social Issues In Diagnosis
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Author : Annemarie Goldstein Jutel
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2014-03-15
Social Issues In Diagnosis written by Annemarie Goldstein Jutel and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-15 with Medical categories.
Understanding the social process of diagnosis is critical to improving doctor-patient relationships and health outcomes. Diagnosis, the classification tool of medicine, serves an important social role. It confers social status on those who diagnose, and it impacts the social status of those diagnosed. Studying diagnosis from a sociological perspective offers clinicians and students a rich and sometimes provocative view of medicine and the cultures in which it is practiced. Social Issues in Diagnosis describes how diagnostic labels and the process of diagnosis are anchored in groups and structures as much as they are in the interactions between patient and doctor. The sociological perspective is informative, detailed, and different from what medical, nursing, social work, and psychology students—and other professionals who diagnose or work with diagnoses—learn in a pathophysiology or clinical assessment course. It is precisely this difference that should be integral to student and clinician education, enriching the professional experience with improved doctor-patient relationships and potentially better health outcomes. Chapters are written by both researchers and educators and reviewed by medical advisors. Just as medicine divides disease into diagnostic categories, so have the editors classified the social aspects of diagnosis into discrete areas of reflection, including • Classification of illness • Process of diagnosis • Phenomenon of uncertainty • Diagnostic labels • Discrimination • Challenges to medical authority • Medicalization • Technological influences • Self-diagnosis Additional chapters by clinicians, including New York Times columnist Lisa Sanders, M.D., provide a view from the front line of diagnosis to round out the discussion. Sociology and pre-med students, especially those prepping for the new MCAT section on social and behavioral sciences, will appreciate the discussion questions, glossary of key terms, and CLASSIFY mnemonic.
Psychiatric Neuroethics
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Author : Walter Glannon
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-12-13
Psychiatric Neuroethics written by Walter Glannon and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-13 with Medical categories.
Advances in psychiatric research and clinical psychiatry in the last 30 years have given rise to a host of new questions that lie at the intersection of psychiatry, neuroscience, philosophy and law. Such questions include: -Are psychiatric disorders diseases of the brain, caused by dysfunctional neural circuits and neurotransmitters? -What role do genes, neuro-endocrine, neuro-immune interactions and the environment play in the development of these disorders? -How do different explanations of the etiology and pathophysiology of mental illness influence diagnosis, prognosis and decisions about treatment? -Would it be rational for a person with a chronic treatment-resistant disorder to request euthanasia or assisted suicide to end their suffering? -Could psychiatric disorders be predicted and prevented? Psychiatric Neuroethics explores these questions in a comprehensive and systematic way, discussing the medical and philosophical implications of neuroscience and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoc) in the fields of psychiatry and mental health. It examines the extent to which circuit-based criteria can offer a satisfactory explanation of psychiatric disorders and how they compare with the symptom-based criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMV). This book will be of interest to a multidisciplinary audience, including psychiatrists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, philosophers, psychologists and legal theorists.