Blood Flow Specific Assessment Of Ventricular Function
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Blood Flow Specific Assessment Of Ventricular Function
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Author : Alexandru Grigorescu Fredriksson
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2017-12-06
Blood Flow Specific Assessment Of Ventricular Function written by Alexandru Grigorescu Fredriksson and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-06 with Blood flow categories.
The spectrum of cardiovascular diseases is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Early assessment and treatment of these conditions, acquired as well as congenital, is therefore of paramount importance. The human heart has a great ability to adapt to various hemodynamic conditions by cardiac remodeling. Pathologic cardiac remodeling can occur as a result of cardiovascular disease in an effort to maintain satisfactory cardiac function. With time, cardiac function diminishes leading to disease progression and subsequent heart failure, the end-point of many heart diseases, associated with very poor prognosis. Within the normal cardiac ventricles blood flows in highly organized patterns, and changes in cardiac configuration or function will affect these flow patterns. Conversely, altered flows and pressures can bring about cardiac remodeling. In congenital heart disease, even after corrective surgery, cardiac anatomy and thereby intracardiac blood flow patterns are inherently altered. The clinically most available imaging technique, ultrasound with Doppler, allows only for one-directional flow assessment and is limited by the need of clear examination windows, thus failing to fully assess the complex three-dimensional blood flow within the beating heart. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with phase-contrast has the ability to acquire three-dimensional (3D), three-directional time resolved velocity data (3D + time = 4D flow data) from which visualization and quantification of blood flow patterns over the complete cardiac cycle can be performed. Four functional blood flow components have previously been defined based on the blood route and distribution through the ventricle, where the inflowing blood that passes directly to the outflow is called Direct flow. From these components, various quantitative measures can be derived, such as component volumes and kinetic energy (KE) throughout the cardiac cycle. In addition, the 4D flow technique has the ability to quantify and visualize turbulent flow with increased velocity fluctuations in the heart and vessels, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The technique has been developed and evaluated for assessment of left ventricular (LV) blood flow in healthy subjects and in patients with dilated dysfunctional left ventricles, showing significant changes in blood flow patterns and energetics with disease. There is however still no study addressing the gap in the spectrum from the healthy cohorts to patients with moderate to severe left ventricular remodeling. In Paper III, 4D flow CMR was utilized to assess LV blood flow in patients with subtle LV dysfunction, and a shift in blood flow component volumes and KE was seen from the Direct flow to the non-ejecting blood flow components. In patients with both left- and right-sided acquired and congenital heart disease, right ventricular (RV) function is of great prognostic significance, however this ventricle has historically been somewhat overseen. With its complex geometry, advanced physiology and retrosternal location, assessment of the RV is still challenging and the right ventricular blood flow is still incompletely described. In Paper I, the RV blood flow in healthy subjects was assessed, and the proportionally larger Direct flow component was located in the most basal region of the ventricle and possessed higher levels of KE at end-diastole than the other flow components suggesting that this portion of blood was prepared for efficient systolic ejection. In Paper II, the blood flow was assessed in the RV of patients with subtle primary LV disease, and even if conventional echocardiographic or CMR RV parameters did not show any RV dysfunction, alterations of flow patterns suggestive of RV impairment were found in the patients with the more remodeled LVs. With improvements of the cardiovascular health care, including the surgical techniques, the number of adult patients with surgically corrected complex congenital heart diseases increases, one of which is tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). Surgical repair of ToF involves widening of the pulmonary stenosis, which postoperatively may cause pulmonary insufficiency and regurgitation (PR). Disturbed or turbulent flow patterns are rare in the healthy cardiovascular system. With pathological changes, such as valvular insufficiency, increased amounts of TKE have been demonstrated. Turbulence is known to be harmful to organic tissues and could be significant in the development of ventricular remodeling, such as dilation and other complications seen in Fallot patients. In Paper IV, the RV intraventricular TKE levels were assessed in relation to conventional measures of PR. Results showed that RV TKE was increased in ToF patients with PR compared to healthy controls, and that these 4D flow-specific measures related slightly stronger to indices of RV remodeling than the conventional measures of PR. 4D flow CMR analysis of the intracardiac blood flow has the potential of adding to pathophysiological understanding, and thereby provide useful diagnostic information and contribute to optimization of treatment of heart disease at earlier stages before irreversible and clinically noticeable changes occur. The flow specific measures used in this thesis could be utilized to detect these alterations of intracardiac blood flow and could thus act as potential markers of progressing ventricular dysfunction, pathological remodeling or used for risk stratification in adults with early repair tetralogy of Fallot. Visualizations of intracardiac flow patterns could provide useful information to cardiac/thoracic surgeons pre- and post-operatively.
Ventricular Function And Blood Flow In Congenital Heart Disease
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Author : Mark A. Fogel
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-04-15
Ventricular Function And Blood Flow In Congenital Heart Disease written by Mark A. Fogel and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-15 with Medical categories.
Infants, children and adolescents with congenital heart disease(CHD) are a challenge to manage and an ever-increasing number arereaching adulthood. CHD is one of the most important topics in cardiology today, yetthis book is the only clinically-orientated monograph devotedexclusively to ventricular function and blood flow as it relates toCHD. Written by a distinguished panel of cardiologists, bioengineers,physiologists, and clinical investigators, Ventricular Functionand Blood Flow in Congenital Heart Disease is an extensive andcomprehensive presentation of the key aspects of this branch ofCHD.
Blood Flow Specific Assessment Of Ventricular Function
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Author : Alexandru Grigorescu Fredriksson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Blood Flow Specific Assessment Of Ventricular Function written by Alexandru Grigorescu Fredriksson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The spectrum of cardiovascular diseases is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Early assessment and treatment of these conditions, acquired as well as congenital, is therefore of paramount importance. The human heart has a great ability to adapt to various hemodynamic conditions by cardiac remodeling. Pathologic cardiac remodeling can occur as a result of cardiovascular disease in an effort to maintain satisfactory cardiac function. With time, cardiac function diminishes leading to disease progression and subsequent heart failure, the end-point of many heart diseases, associated with very poor prognosis. Within the normal cardiac ventricles blood flows in highly organized patterns, and changes in cardiac configuration or function will affect these flow patterns. Conversely, altered flows and pressures can bring about cardiac remodeling. In congenital heart disease, even after corrective surgery, cardiac anatomy and thereby intracardiac blood flow patterns are inherently altered. The clinically most available imaging technique, ultrasound with Doppler, allows only for one-directional flow assessment and is limited by the need of clear examination windows, thus failing to fully assess the complex three-dimensional blood flow within the beating heart. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with phase-contrast has the ability to acquire three-dimensional (3D), three-directional time resolved velocity data (3D + time = 4D flow data) from which visualization and quantification of blood flow patterns over the complete cardiac cycle can be performed. Four functional blood flow components have previously been defined based on the blood route and distribution through the ventricle, where the inflowing blood that passes directly to the outflow is called Direct flow . From these components, various quantitative measures can be derived, such as component volumes and kinetic energy (KE) throughout the cardiac cycle. In addition, the 4D flow technique has the ability to quantify and visualize turbulent flow with increased velocity fluctuations in the heart and vessels, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The technique has been developed and evaluated for assessment of left ventricular (LV) blood flow in healthy subjects and in patients with dilated dysfunctional left ventricles, showing significant changes in blood flow patterns and energetics with disease. There is however still no study addressing the gap in the spectrum from the healthy cohorts to patients with moderate to severe left ventricular remodeling. In Paper III , 4D flow CMR was utilized to assess LV blood flow in patients with subtle LV dysfunction, and a shift in blood flow component volumes and KE was seen from the Direct flow to the non-ejecting blood flow components. In patients with both left- and right-sided acquired and congenital heart disease, right ventricular (RV) function is of great prognostic significance, however this ventricle has historically been somewhat overseen. With its complex geometry, advanced physiology and retrosternal location, assessment of the RV is still challenging and the right ventricular blood flow is still incompletely described. In Paper I , the RV blood flow in healthy subjects was assessed, and the proportionally larger Direct flow component was located in the most basal region of the ventricle and possessed higher levels of KE at end-diastole than the other flow components suggesting that this portion of blood was prepared for efficient systolic ejection. In Paper II , the blood flow was assessed in the RV of patients with subtle primary LV disease, and even if conventional echocardiographic or CMR RV parameters did not show any RV dysfunction, alterations of flow patterns suggestive of RV impairment were found in the patients with the more remodeled LVs. With improvements of the cardiovascular health care, including the surgical techniques, the number of adult patients with surgically corrected complex congenital heart diseases increases, one of which is tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). Surgical repair of ToF involves widening of the pulmonary stenosis, which postoperatively may cause pulmonary insufficiency and regurgitation (PR). Disturbed or turbulent flow patterns are rare in the healthy cardiovascular system. With pathological changes, such as valvular insufficiency, increased amounts of TKE have been demonstrated. Turbulence is known to be harmful to organic tissues and could be significant in the development of ventricular remodeling, such as dilation and other complications seen in Fallot patients. In Paper IV , the RV intraventricular TKE levels were assessed in relation to conventional measures of PR. Results showed that RV TKE was increased in ToF patients with PR compared to healthy controls, and that these 4D flow-specific measures related slightly stronger to indices of RV remodeling than the conventional measures of PR. 4D flow CMR analysis of the intracardiac blood flow has the potential of adding to pathophysiological understanding, and thereby provide useful diagnostic information and contribute to optimization of treatment of heart disease at earlier stages before irreversible and clinically noticeable changes occur. The flow specific measures used in this thesis could be utilized to detect these alterations of intracardiac blood flow and could thus act as potential markers of progressing ventricular dysfunction, pathological remodeling or used for risk stratification in adults with early repair tetralogy of Fallot. Visualizations of intracardiac flow patterns could provide useful information to cardiac/thoracic surgeons pre- and post-operatively.
Tandon S Textbook Of Cardiology
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Author : Dorairaj Prabhakaran
language : en
Publisher: Wolters kluwer india Pvt Ltd
Release Date : 2019-01-17
Tandon S Textbook Of Cardiology written by Dorairaj Prabhakaran and has been published by Wolters kluwer india Pvt Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-17 with Medical categories.
An authoritative, comprehensive, and accessible cardiology textbook that caters to the needs of trainees and practicing cardiologists. Cardiovascular disease is now the largest contributor to global mortality. Low and middle income countries. (Lmics) presently bear the brunt of this global epidemic, accounting for over three quarters of cardiovascular deaths and 90% of these deaths under 70 years of age. The experience and expertise of health professionals in these countries will therefore be the principal determinant of global success in countering and curbing the global cardiovascular epidemic in the coming decades. This book covers the fundamentals of cardiology in depth, to provide conceptual clarity, and delves into specific cardiovascular disorders with detailed descriptions that range from aetiology and pathophysiology to evidence informed approaches to diagnosis and management. It does all of this by blending contextual relevance with uncompromising academic rigor.
Cardiothoracic Anesthesia And Critical Care An Issue Of Anesthesiology Clinics
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Author : Karsten Bartels
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2019-11-15
Cardiothoracic Anesthesia And Critical Care An Issue Of Anesthesiology Clinics written by Karsten Bartels and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-15 with Medical categories.
This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, edited by Dr. Karsten Bartels and Dr. Stefan Dieleman in collaboration with Consulting Editor Dr. Lee Fleisher, focuses on Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care. Topics in this issue include: Anesthetic Management for Endovascular Repair of the Thoracic Aorta; Ethical Considerations for Mechanical Support; Modulating Perioperative Ventricular Excitability; Echocardiography Education for Anesthesia Trainees; Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Cardiac Surgery; New Approaches to Perioperative Right Ventricular Assessment; New Techniques for Optimization of Donor Lungs/Hearts; Recent Developments in Catheter-Based Cardiac Procedures; Heart Failure in Adults with Congential Heart Disease; Optimizing Perioperative Blood and Coagulation Management During Cardiac Surgery; Advances in the Prevention of AKI Following Cardiac Surgery; Clinical Trials That Should be Done in Cardiac Anesthesia; and Cardiac Surgery and the Blood-Brain Barrier.
Analysis And Simulation Of The Cardiac System Ischemia
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Author : Rafael Beyar
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-10-28
Analysis And Simulation Of The Cardiac System Ischemia written by Rafael Beyar and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-28 with Computers categories.
Over thiry-five experts contribute to this publication about the various interactions and interrelationships of the parameters which affect the normal and ischemic heart. Mechanical aspects related to the global and regional function of the heart are discussed. Coronary perfusion of the ischemic heart is considered, with emphasis on the effects of reperfusion. Electrical activation, formation of arrhythmias, and the effects of ischemia or ionic transport in the myocardium are presented. Metabolic aspects of the ischemic heart, including calcium transport, are also explained.
Principles And Practice Of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance In Congenital Heart Disease
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Author : Mark A. Fogel
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2010-03-02
Principles And Practice Of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance In Congenital Heart Disease written by Mark A. Fogel and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-02 with Medical categories.
CMR is a powerful tool in the armamentarium of pediatric cardiology and health care workers caring for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), but a successful study still presents major technical and clinical challenges. This text was created to give trainees, practitioners, allied professionals, and researchers a repository of dependable information and images to base their use of CMR on. Because CHD presents an intricate web of connections and associations that need to be deciphered, the imager performing CMR needs to understand not only anatomy, physiology, function, and surgery for CHD, but also the technical aspects of imaging. Written by experts from the world’s leading institutions, many of whom pioneered the techniques and strategies described, the text is organized in a logical way to provide a complete understanding of the issues involved. It is divided into three main parts: The Basics of CMR - familiarizes the reader with the minimum tools needed to understand the basics, such as evaluating morphology, ventricular function, and utilizing contrast agents CMR of Congenital and Acquired Pediatric Heart Disease - discusses broad categories of CHD and the use of CMR in specific disease states Special Topics in Pediatric Cardiac MR - covers other important areas such as the complementary role of CT scanning, interventional CMR, the role of the technologist in performing a CMR exam, and more With the ever increasing sophistication of technology, more can be done with CMR in a high quality manner in a shorter period of time than had been imagined as recently as just a few years ago. Principles and Practice of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Congenital Heart Disease: Form, Function, and Flow makes a major contribution to applying these techniques to improved patient care. An ideal introduction for the novice or just the curious, this reference will be equally useful to the seasoned practitioner who wants to keep pace with developments in the field and would like a repository of information and images readily availalble.
Review Of Progress In Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation
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Author : Donald O. Thompson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Review Of Progress In Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation written by Donald O. Thompson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
These Proceedings, consisting of Parts A and B, contain the edited versions of most of the papers presented at the annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation held at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine on July 28 to August 2, 1996. The Review was organized by the Center for NDE at Iowa State University, in cooperation with the American Society of Nondestructive Testing, the Ames Laboratory of the USDOE, the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Institute of Standardsand Technology, and the National Science Foundation Industry!University Cooperative Research Centers pro gram. This year's Review of Progress in QNDE was attended by approximately 400 participants from the U.S. and many foreign countries who presented over 350 papers. As usual, the meetingwas divided into 36 sessions, with as many as four sessions running concurrently. The Review covered all phases of NDE research and development from fundamental investigations to engineering applications or inspection systems, and it included many important methods of inspection techniques from acoustics to x-rays. In the last eight to ten years, the Review has stabilized at about its current size, which most participants seem to agree is large enough to permit a full-scale overview of the latest developments, but still small enough to retain the collegial atmosphere which has marked the Review since its inception.
Research Awards Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Research Awards Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Medicine categories.
Equine Medicine Surgery And Reproduction E Book
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Author : Tim Mair
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2013-01-23
Equine Medicine Surgery And Reproduction E Book written by Tim Mair and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-23 with Medical categories.
The new edition of this introductory-level textbook continues to offer a concise and approachable bridge between student lecture notes and more detailed clinical reference works. All aspects of equine medicine, surgery and reproduction are covered in a single, convenient volume. The second edition has been subject to an extensive revision, with each chapter updated and new chapters added to cover wound management, critical care, anaesthesia and sedation, and diagnostic imaging. While offering key information in an easily and quickly digested format for clinical veterinary students and practising veterinary surgeons, this second edition of Equine Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction will also be relevant to students undertaking equine science degrees, and to professional horse owners and trainers. The wide range of international contributors, highly experienced and all experts in their fields, ensures that the new edition of this popular all-in-one resource remains as indispensable as ever. - Comprehensive coverage of all areas of equine medicine, surgery and reproduction - Easy-to-use format - Completely revised since the first edition with new chapters added - Now with over 100 new illustrations including colour photographs - Includes diagnostic and therapeutic information as well as descriptions of commonly employed clinical techniques - Includes lists of important differential diagnoses for common clinical signs